WORKSHEET 2.

NUTRITION

1. What type of nutrition takes place in human cells? And in a spinach leaf?
2. Which type of nutrition...
a. produces water and carbon dioxide?
b. takes in water and mineral salts?
3. Why is nutrition necessary for living things?

Digestion
4. Why do animals need to digest their food? What do they obtain during digestive process?
5. Which are accessory glands? What do they do?
6. Describe the digestive process below. What type of digestion is it?

7. Label the parts of the grasshoppers and the zebras bodies.

 8. Read the sentences and write the parts of the digestive system that corresponds.

a. Egestion takes place through this sphincter:

_______________________________________________________________________
b. This is where gastrical digestion takes place:
_______________________________________________________________________
c. This is where waste products are transformed into faeces:
_______________________________________________________________________
d. This is where food is chewed and mixed with saliva:
_______________________________________________________________________
e. This is where absorption of nutrients takes place:
_______________________________________________________________________
f. The food bolus is moved from the mouth to the stomach along the:
_______________________________________________________________________

9. A pellet is the mass of undigested parts of food that some birds expel through the mouth.
Nocturnal birds of prey, such as owls, swallow large bites of their prey or the entire animal. As a
result, they produce the largest pellets.
a. Which part of the digestive process does the pellet expulsion represent?
b. Why do you think that birds expel fur, feathers, skin and bones?
c. What information can the study of pellets provide?

10. Match each word to its definition:

1. nutrition 2. digestion 3. ingestion 4. absorption
5. egestion 6. excretion 7. circulation 8. respiration

NUMBER
a. The intake of food into the body.

b. The movement of fluids and blood around the body.

c. The elimination of undigested products.

d. The pass of nutrients into the blood.

e. The transformation of food into matter and energy.

f. The exchange of gases between a living being and its environment.

g. The collection and expulsion of waste products from the body.

h. The processes which break down food into simple substances.

Respiration
11. Amphibians have very moist skin. They can carry out two types of respiration. Which types are
they?
12. Classify these animals by their types of respiration (cutaneous, branchial, tracheal or
pulmonary): sardine, dog, pigeon, spider, frog, whale, earthworm and grasshopper.
13. When there is a lack of oxygen, some aquatic worms stretch their bodies. They can become
twenty times longer.
a. What kind of respiratory system do these worms have?
b. What is the advantage of stretching the body?

14. Tick the correct information about animal respiration.

Cutaneous Tracheal Branchial Pulmonary
Gas exchange takes place
Surfaces are thin, moist and full of blood vessels
Respiration takes place externally
Respiration takes place internally
Characteristic of aquatic animals
Characteristic of mammals
Characteristic of earthworms
Characteristic of terrestial arthropods
Air enters through spiracles
Respiration takes place through the gills
Air enters through the nose and mouth
Respiration takes place through the skin
Respiration takes place in the lungs
The animal dies if skin dries out
The animal dies if taken out of the water

Circulation
15. Label the parts of the circulatory system in a fish and in a zebra:

16. Compare open and closed circulatory systems. Explain the difference.
17. The following diagrams represent the circulatory systems of an amphibian and a mammal.
 a. What type of circulatory system is each?
b. Which vessels transport oxygenated blood?
c. Which vessels transport de-oxygenated blood?
18. Classify these animals by their types of circulation: spider, trout, crab, horse, shark, whale,
snail, salmon, bat.

OPEN SIMPLE CLOSED DOUBLE CLOSED

Excretion
19. Label the parts of the following excretory systems:

20. Look at the diagram of the vertebrate excretory system. Describe how urine flows through the
excretory organs and is expelled by the body. First, urine is produced in the Then,

 Nutrition in plants
21. Can photosynthesis take place if a leaf surface is covered in wax? Why?
22. Does photosynthesis occur only in plants? Explain.
23. What type of sap circulates through the vessels to the petals: raw sap or elaborated sap?
24. Plants do not use digestive processes to incorporated nutrients. Why?
25. Complete the table for plants:
Raw sap Elaborated sap
Composition
Method of transport
Function

26. When you buy flowers, florists recommend that you add some sugar to the water so they stay
fresh longer. Why do you think flowers stay fresh longer if you do this?
27. Can oxygen be considered a product of plant excretion? What about carbon dioxide? Is oxygen a
product of excretion in animals?
28. Some people say you should not sleep in a room with plants. What is the reason for this? Do you
think this recommendation is correct?
29. Label the diagram of plant nutrition:

30. Study the diagram of the metabolism of a cell:

a. Fill in the gaps.
b. What kind of cell it is?
c. What kind of nutrition does it represent?
d. What two processes are represented?
Revision
31. Circle the correct answer:
a. Living things which use energy from light to make their food are called:
i. Chemoautotrophs
ii. Photoautotrophs
iii. Heterotrophs
b. In all vertebrates, digestion is
i. Internal
ii. Intracellular
iii. External
c. The absorption of most nutrients takes place in the
i. Pharynx
ii. Stomach
iii. Small intestine
d. The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the
i. Mouth
ii. Stomach
iii. Liver
e. Spiracles and tracheoles are found in
i. Earthworms
ii. Terrestrial arthropods
iii. Aquatic animals
f. Blood is made up of water, cells and
i. Enzymes
ii. Collagen
iii. Proteins
g. The circulatory system of many molluscs is
i. Open
ii. Simple closed
iii. Double closed
h. The process of collecting waste products and expelling them from the body is called
i. Circulation
ii. Excretion
iii. Nutrition
i. Raw sap is transported by the
i. Stoma
ii. Xylem vessels
iii. Phloem vessels
j. Elaborated sap consists of
i. Water and mineral salts
ii. Oxygen and organic matter
iii. Carbon dioxide and raw sap.