LIFE 109 CSS CYCLE 4

Enter your Cycle 4 assignments in the relevant spaces in this document.

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C4 Xavier AN.docx)

Surname, first name: Cook, Adrian

Student ID number: 201121032
Academic Adviser: Gemma Wattret

ASSIGNMENT 4.1a

Formally state the null hypothesis There is no significant statistical differe

and Prof Xaviers class marks.
Mean marks for Dr Smith and Professor Dr Smith: 55.85
Xaviers classes (two decimal places)
Professor Xavier: 67.03

Result of t-test (two decimal places) -2.64

Give a formal statement rejecting or The difference in marks between Mr Sm

accepting the null hypothesis is not statistically significant

Interpretation of the result/test (as The difference in grades across the two
described in the Cycle 4 lecture) to chance, and it cant be said it be cau

Compare the result of the paired t-test
to the independent t-test (from Workshop
4b) and suggest an explanation for any
difference
We can accept the Ho and say there is n
difference between the two results
T=2.02
Idea that two different sets of students
class accounting for differences.

ASSIGNMENT 4.1b
RESULTS OF t-tests (two decimal places, where necessary)

Weaning age Weaning weight/neonate

(t=xxx, xx d.f., p- weight ratio
value) (t=xxx, xx d.f., p-value)
PRIMATES vs T=3.56, 59 df, T=-1.48, 55 df, p=0.313
UNGULATES p=0.022
PRIMATES vs T=3.12, 56 df, T=2.58, 48 df, p=0.031
PINNIPEDS p=0.625
UNGULATES vs T=135, 53 df, T=3.92, 45 df, p=0.010
PINNIPEDS p=0.98

FORMAL REPORTING OF RESULTS, STATEMENT OF

ACCEPT/REJECT NULL HYPOTHESIS and INTERPRETATION OF THE
RESULTS

Example: There [was/ not] a significant difference in the

mean [insert DV] of [description of Sample A]
and [description of Sample B] [insert
statistical test result]. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is [accepted/rejected] since
[Sample A] [was/ not] significantly different
from [Sample B]. Not that your interpretation
should include the direction of any significant
difference see example from LIFE 109 Cycle
4 lecture

Weaning age
PRIMATES vs There was a significant difference in the mean
UNGULATES weaning age of primates and ungulates [P
value = <0.05]. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is rejected since weaning age of
primates was significantly different from
weaning age of ungulates.
PRIMATES vs There was not a significant difference in the
PINNIPEDS mean weaning age of primates and Pinnipeds
[P value = >0.05]. Therefore, the null
hypothesis is accepted since weaning age of
primates was not significantly different from
weaning age of pinnipeds.
UNGULATES vs There was not a significant difference in the
PINNIPEDS mean weaning age of ungulates and
Pinnipeds [P value = >0.05]. Therefore, the
null hypothesis is accepted since weaning
age of ungulates was not significantly
different from weaning age of pinnipeds.

Weaning/neonate
ratio
PRIMATES vs There was not a significant difference in the
UNGULATES mean weaning/neonate ratio of primates and
ungulates [P value = >0.05]. Therefore, the
null hypothesis is accepted since
weaning/neonate ratio of primates was not
significantly different from weaning/neonate
ratio of ungulates.
PRIMATES vs There was a significant difference in the mean
PINNIPEDS weaning/neonate ratio of primates and
pinnipeds [P value = <0.05]. Therefore, the
null hypothesis is rejected since
weaning/neonate ratio of primates was not
significantly different from weaning/neonate
ratio of pinnipeds.
UNGULATES vs There was a significant difference in the mean
PINNIPEDS weaning/neonate ratio of ungulates and
pinnipeds [P value = <0.05]. Therefore, the
null hypothesis is rejected since
weaning/neonate ratio of ungulates was
significantly different from weaning/neonate
ratio of pinnipeds.

WHAT TENTATIVE CONCLUSION CAN YOU DRAW FROM THE

RESULTS OF THE weaning weight/neonate weight ratio TESTS?
On the basis of these results, can you conclude that there is a threshold
weight that offspring must attain before they are weaned?
ANSWER In comparing pinnipeds with primates and ungulates, the p
value was smaller than the critical value of 0.05, suggesting
that a significant relationship exists between weaning and
neonate weight ratio.
ASSIGNMENT 4.2

Formally state the null hypothesis There is not a statistically significant

relationship between month and
number of births
What is the 2 value and how many X2 value = 20.7
degrees of freedom will there be? 11 degrees of freedom
Express your answer in the form:
2degrees of freedom = value

What is the critical value of 2 at a Critical value @ 11 degrees of freedom

5% significance level with the = 19.675
required number of degrees of
freedom for this test?
Hint: refer to LIFE 109 QS Workshop notes
and/or consult statistical tables in
Hawkins (2014)

Compare your calculated 2 value Seeing as my obtained value is higher

with the 5% critical value. Should you than the critical value, I have to reject
accept or reject your null hypothesis? the null hypothesis, and say that there
What must you therefore conclude? is a statistical significance in the set of
results.