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FAST TRACK ENGLISH

by T.Ravikumor B.SC.

PUBLISHERS

FIRST EDITION
2002

PAGE MAKERS
VISWA DIGITALS
Annapurna devi Street,
Gandhinagar, Vi/ayawadu 3
Ph. 400 023

COVER DESIGN
N.V.Ramana

PRINTED AT

PUBLISHED BY
SARASWATI PUBLICATION
Satyanararw puram,
Vijayawada- 11

Price: Rs. 20 -

ooo
-c&>&> ^3 'Fast Track English
1

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A B C D E F G H I
60

K L M N O P Q R
STUVWXYZ C&D
coSa

S)

(Langu^e)
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

(Letters)

e>gpex>. S3 ^ (Word)
(Sentence)

(Language)

1 .
CSpeaking Language)
2. (Writing Language)

(Grammar)
\ /

(Grammar)
\ /

> >

Grammar (Parts of Speech)

(Subject), pdo (Verb), ^^ (Object).

I went home
|> sia^
5
(T) ei5e> &5 (Subject) , (went) eiSo a> (Verb),

(home) So 3^ (Object)..

1.
(Declarative Sentence)

(Interrogetive Sentence)

5:5^0 (Imperative Sentence)


FAST TRACK ENGLISH

1. Declarative or assertive Sentence

ex. cO -O ol ro

A sentence which makes a declaration or statement


Ex : 1. I
go to Market.
2. He read the lesson

3. We pray for God.

2. Interrogative Sentence
A sentence which asks questions.

cO

Ex : 1. How are you?


2. Who are you?
3. What is this? sio

4. How it happened ? sjS)coej&

5. Where are you living?

6. Do you hear me?


INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
1. Affirmative 2. Negative
Yes I know No, I do not know
3. Imperative Sentence

Imperative sentence is that which commands, requests, prayer,


entreaty
Ex : 1. Come here, go there, sit down, standup, excuseme

4. Exclamatory Sentence
(Exclamatory)

An Expression or surprsies
Ex : 1. How beautiful parrot is ! ->eoS
2. Yes. We won the match.
3. What a wounderful place
4. What a surprising visit!

THEPHIUSE

A Phrase is a group of words which gives some sense and


forms part of a sentence.

Ex : 1. He caught Red handed


2. Rawvi's face Turned blue

3, The pen is on the T.V.


Underline xS&a)
cp ci

jtoo go. oi&tf) phrases

Csubject) Cpredi-

A clause is group of words which forms part of a sentence


and contains a subject and predicate unlike a phrase.
1. That woman wears a diamond necklace
(Sentence)
2. That woman wears a necklace 'which is made of diamonds'.
(Clause) 6D^oS p**5ona >g& subject, predicate Soaae s&ft
*3o&oo). -&3
53^o5 which is made of diamonds >[3 csa^o^5 which
-
subject, made of gold - predicate.
is

Do you know there Budha was born?


where - subject, budha was born -
predicate

1. She wears a silk saree

a She wears a Saree which is yearned with silk.

6
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Which ;5 clause *

3c*Ss5 saa^o^ 5 Which (subject) n* q)o&x>oex

is yearned with si predicate

1 . I
bought a steel carriage

2. I bought a carriage which is made of steel.

Subject
= which
Predicate = is made of steel

Words are divided into eight (8) kinds according to the part

they play in a sentence. These are called parts of speech.


8

They are :

1. NOUN 2. PRONOUN
3. VERB ((Sdi) 4. ADJECTIVE
5. ADVERB (i8afr a ^*
6. PREPOSITION
7. CONJUNCTION

8. INTERJECTION
THENQUN [

: A flown z's
of any person, place or thing.

Ex : Ravi, Sita, Book, pen, cat, Mumbai, Bhopal, Kolkatta, The

Ganges, the Ramayana, The Birla Temple.


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THE VERB QgpM
Def A verb is a words which expresses doing or being
:

or possessing.
53<&>e>?5o, o>dbe>n5o 3e>o&>2?> SoG5*e>c5o pc5o (verb)

Ex He: eat food.

They play cricket.


I read the book

5
|b
cSooacSD
asa^ex^ Eat (OXD&X), Play (t&>&0, Read
o>ax>ex>. > -Ss >) (verb)
5Da50g<^>

THE PR ONO UN [atSyreaiaa]


Def ^4 pronoun is a word used instead or in the place of a
noun.

(Pronoun)
. 'Pronoun' for a noun
Ex :
I, me, my, mine you, your, yours
you, your, yours we, our, ours, us
He, his, him She, her,hers
They, their, theirs, them It, its
O Durga is a nice girl.

O She is calm going.


o3oo5S Durga

r5O5^eSooS). 533^0

O This is
my pen This pen is mine
O That is
your Ball That Ball is
yours
O This is his Book This Book is his
O This is her pen This pen is hers.

THE ADJECTIVE ta
Def An Adjective is a word which teels the kind, Quality of
:

a thing or the number of things. An Adjective


qualifies a noun.

(Adjective)
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Big, small, Black, red, ten.

Ex
- --"
: 1. 1 have a big house
'
"
~'\y
<=c&> abtf oooex>
j^-y <i*>

2. He is a
great man
3. Pappy is a black dog sofj
4. It is a deep river s}>
5. They
^
came in a -
Red car sagb
<& _
coc5
Nr-'-

BigGbcp, great C<^fip, black C?5e}S)3, deep

(Noun)
x '

THE ADVERB li

An Adjective is a word which adds to the meaning of a


Z)ef:

verb, an adjective or another Adverb. An adverb modifies a verb.


69^3 a>s p> (verb) &> n^>, ebg s^fetega (Adverb)

(Adverb)

*?

Ex : 1. Ramu Runs fastly.


2. Githa sings sweetly.
3. Our bus is going slowly. s5oc5

The monkey climbed


4.

the tree speedlv


*= - *-

SaeS&o
(run), (sing), 2gtoo (go),

(climb) eiS o5oex> c>c


esdbrb&cv^deoa eo^S SrSorp (fastly),

(sweetly), i^ofopn* (slowly), ^oc56na (speedly)

(Adverb)

_____PREPOSITION
^__^__^_______^___

Def : A Preposition is a word which shows the relation be-


tween things stand to one to another. preposition A is said to
govern the noun or pornoun that comes after it.

S5e5o5oo
(Preposition)

jVWSW
$m
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1 . The pen is on the table. Seato a> &>5 cg)ogx

2. He got in to the bus.


3. We climbed down the tree. So55oo -Sto pc53
4. They are proud of me. 53*53 a*
5 8 SosSoo (Pen)
>

cD^exS Socx^S sja^od


(Table) (x5 ^>ofi), e>o^5 a^ ^553^^75^0 ^c^ >> SbeS (On)

(In),
5500^ s^o^5 pe5^o (Down),
(Of)
^ '

THE CONUNCTION
: A conjunction is a word which merely joins two wcqrds
or sentences.

conjunctions

Ex And, or, becuase, but, though, therefore,


: as

Ex 1. Ramu and Shyam are good friends


: .

2. He waited but no use.

73JE INTERJENCTION
; ^4 conjunction is a word which merely joins two words
or sentences.

nterencton
Ex : 1. Oh! What a beautiful Rose!

2.
Hurray! I got First class !

3. Alas ! India loose the match.


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4. Ah! Now curiasity bigins

1.

3.

4.

, . . . .

v..-:. :>:.>::/;-;: / ^:>%/:;.-:^;:4:-v--x^-->

A, An, the ^s s5oo^o 55o*&>e)f6o Anicles


A, An (3o&*> Indefinite articles
The eo^SfiD definite article

'An' is used before words begining with a vowel sound


3c^^^ o5x>o^o 'An' -

Ex: An ox, an ant, an hour


'A' is used before Singular words begining with a consonant

sound.
'A

Ex: a boy, a book, a car, a year, a young man


1

55oon2> -2>55;>c5qj)e&3
^^ definite article 'the
^ '
-o <x5

Dogs are faithful animals

The cow is a useful animal

Cows are useful animals


The boy is my friend
He is a
boy
eat an apple
-
I

The doeO is black

|D
oSx*><SD
cja^^ Boy C (1) 'B'
T
A r

Apple ^ 'A' e-o^ S^oS 'An'


'The'
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Use of Capital Letters
2oo5<5 55oa&> tegfSo) Begining of a sentence

poetry 6
s
go line SoocSS 5foa&>. Proper nouns e>c6na
o 2>t$3, 63at5s5ooe
,
5>cb (names of weeks)

(names of months) <6eS>e> Stb (rivers) ^sSoogoSooo Sx5D (oceans)

a>33 (mountains) gpoSo5ooe> S)t5o (continents) rtcxSafoo

, 1, God e>n5o 55j2>fc>X> Quotation ^^O s*^) 2O3C5S 260^ capital

letter

NOUNS
PROPER NOUNl
Def: A proper Noun is the name of only one person, place or
thins.
o *L$sSx>oa a^f 5l
*-^^o -ci-*
na^

?5oexx?2Do3 2>cb Proper Nouns


Ex : Ravi, Gita, India, The Ganges, The Ramayana proper
nouns
A, An, the e)i3 articles 63aeSoe5o. A Ravi, An Gita, The Ganges
etfO aDaeSoacS^.
Proper Noun capital ^ t3oepOT5550cfio. Proper Nouns,
descriptive sense 3 s

Ex: l.Brodman is the greatest player in cricket (Proper Noun)

2. Tendulkar is the broadman of India,

Broadman, Tendulkar 5}Se>23C&So


* tO

Broadman eS Proper noun - common noun

COMMON NO UN Faaa
: .4 common noun is the name that can be given to all

things persons of the same class or kind. t& &*&& ?6osx>5>o-><6

-5ocSc5A<6 S>3o Common Nouns


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Ex Book, Pen, Cow,
:
dog, table
1. Common Noun 55oooc5o Article
2. Common Nouns, capital letter
COLLECTIVE NOUN tf&mSa
Def: A collective noun denotes a number ofpersons animals
or things taken as one group.

55j&>ex> Collective Nouns

Ex army,
: batalian, crowd, flock, herd, fleet, lunch, navy.

MATERIAL NOUN Ifflto

Def: A Material noun is the name of same material or


substance which is supposed to have no separate parts.
iS^&^ & epartsfoons n*S)

a3cjc)Q5ooex> Material Nouns

Ex : rice, sand, coal, iron, gold, silver, milk, water, oil, chalk,

clay.

ABSTRACT NOUN [jpaS sraxSSau)

Def: An abstract noun is the name of any quality state or


y

action, art or science

Qualities CrbeasSoaoDD .*
clean, whiteness, good ness, cleverness,
height, weight, length.
Actions C&<6oo, -65|exO :
walk, talk, laugh, flight
states CoDcSoecO :
poverty, childhood happiness, pleasure, youth,
health, sleep, dream
Arts (S^exO : Action, poetry, music, Dance
Sciences C^Q^oSooexO: Astronomy, grammar, physcis,

psychology.

mm&. -*** j&gmsm


FAST TRACK ENGLISH

GENDER t&a

Oor5o5oo (Gender)

: Gender is that form of the Nouns which shows whether


neut (neutor)
what is spoken of is male female or
3)o5o^a5oo s5jatoex> C>o3 masculine Gender

"

Ex Boy,
: He
cock, man,
THE NAMES OF FEMALES are of the Feminine Gender, fc
^3

Feminine Gender, (fc OortsSaa) erbfe.


Girl, cow, woman, hen, she
The names of things with out life are of neuter Gender

gaeasSoo e&o (inanimate objects) c^5g)o^S (Neuter


<x>t5o
s5^^>o
gender) o>& -^KD^a^^ooo.
e)o^sag
Common eender
O

Ex : Child, servant, cousin, parent, people, person


N.B. cousin brother, cousin sister e)r5 ceaarto5ooex> S. cousin

Masculine -
he his, him
Feminine -
She her, hers
Neuter -
it, its

Common -
I, you, they, our, them, us
1. MASCULINE: C$>o)cxr5) 6^55s5oao5So'ess' So'S >S)or5$c5o
-co <_9

+ ess = Tigress C@c3


2. Sex ^c5o5ooc6a ^oado-3a5ao He, she, man, woman, mad,
lord, lady, cock, hen eS 0^ a3o&>^)eo, g^^sSx^ex) s5o Nouns
> Oort

Ex: he goat, she goat, man servant maid servant, land lord,
land lady.

co

Ex: boy, girl, brother, sister, father, mother


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The masculine Gender becomes feminine gender by adding
1

'ess , 'ess'

Lion

Tiger c6or5S>) Tigress


Poet Poetess SsSoco

Author Authoress

Master Mistress
&
Emperor Empress
God Goddess
Count Countess
2. By adding a word before or after

He goat C8* a5 sSort She goat


Cock sparrow Hen sparrow

He baffalo She beffalo

Peacock Pea hen COD


Man servant Maid servant

Milk man Milk maid

3. 5y using a different word.


fO
'V '.-/. -.. v--'- .-- ..-,-
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Husban Wife
Cock Hen
Son Daughter
Horse Mare C&6D rto

Dog Bitch

Ram Ewe
King Queen
Nephew Niece
Uncle Aunt
Sir (63 Madam
Gentle man Lady fc rto)

Father Mother
Brother Sister

Bull Cow
NUMBER
Number is of two kinds. o5-o5o>5oo

1. SESfGULAR NUMBER C>^55-o5?6


PLURAL
2.

; When a noun denotes only one thing, it is said to be in the


singular number.
a>S 55oq5>rSo 5ScF8g& ^e)c&>Scrix) o3355ooDar:5gs5ooex)
(Nouns) singular
Number CS^aS-oScSoSoo}^ cgocs^D.
Ex: boy, girl, book, pen, slate, bag, box

Def: When a noun denotes more than one thing it h said to be in


the plural Number.

go<3, cD3cs5 5gex) Se>o5D-So5bac6)<^o Plural Number

Ex: Boys, girls, books, pens, slates, bags, boxes


To make plural

By adding 'S' to the singular o!>eix>-5o5o5oo


CSingular number)
(Plural) <5$i> sSj^^oo^S >Sc5-o5?6 ^^0 'S'
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
Ex: boy -
boys, girl-girls, cat-cats.

by adding 'es'
o5oS^ s5oz> 'es'

Ex: Ass-Asses, Bunch-Bunches, Bush-Bushes


Ex: Box-Boxes, Bench-Benches
by adding-s
Ex: Monarch-Monarchs

by changing word S^<B3 Te


1

fe in to 'VES' exSoeo 'Ves'


Ex: leaf-leves, wife-wives, knife-knives lives-lives
1 1

by changing 'y into les 'Y P


o$o5acS^ 0x3*0^ 'y' 'ies'

Ex: Sky-skies, Fly-flies, Lady-Ladies, cry-cries

by adding S to
( f

T 1

. T' Sc%* 'S

Ex: day-days, way-ways,


f f

by adding en . en

Ex: Ox-Oxen, child-children, Man-men


Woman-women
(Singular) eoS3aoo5-o5<6
(Plural)

Boy Boys
Girl CO Girls

Asses
Fish Fishes

Fox Foxs
Bench Ce3or5} **>
Benches

Mango
Bafelo Bafeloes
Cow Cows
Gas Gasses
Bush Cex>o:D Bushes
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
Tax Taxes
Watch Watches
Hero Heroes
Potato Potatoes

Calf Calves

Loaf Loaves 63 Sex)


Half Halves

Thief <5*or>ex> Thives

S Shelves

Hoof Hooves
Roof Ctfj50 Roofs

Gulfes
Wolf C) Wolfs
vnife Kjnives

Wife Wives
roo Proofs
C hief C^S>} Chiefs

Dwarf C Dwarfs
Life Lives

Safe Safes

Stuff Strives

Flies

City Cities

Babay Babies

Key Keys
Toy Toys
Vrmy Armies
Stories

Monkies Cs5aoS3
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

Play CSp Plays


Woman Women
Man Men
Foot Feet

Tooth Teeth ro

Goose Grease

Mouse Mice
Louse Lice

Brother Brothers

Cow Kine

:
Sheep, deer, swine, Trousers 55ooa5co scissors

Ex : 1. This scissors is very sharp

2. Give me your trousers of blue

(Adjective)
(Positive), (Comparitive), (Superlative)

> Positive degree (3p&5 &{&)

(adjective)

Ex: Crane's neck is tall.

'tall'
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2. Comparitive degree

Ex: Ostritch's neck is tallar than crane.

'Tall (Comparitive Degree)

:
Big-Bigger, wide-wider, small-smaller, loud-louder.

(Positive & 'ER 1

-& Comparitive

3. Superlative degree

(Adjective)

Ex: Tallest neck animal is Zirafe.

(Adjective)

Big-Biggest, wide-widest, small-smallest, loud-loudest

'EST' ^gS s>S^&o (Adjeaive)

Adjectives

Comparative Superlative
TaU Taller Tallest
Clever Cleverer Cleverest
Small Smaller Smallest
Bigger Biggest
Large Larger Largest
Rich Richer Richest
Poor Poorer Poorest
Adjectives irregualr o* compare
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Positive Comparative Superlative
Good (Adj) Better Best

Bad, ill Worse Worst


Little Less, Lesser Least
Much More Most
many More Most
Old Older, elder Oldest, eldest

young Younger Youngest


Pretty Prettier prettist
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Powerful More powerful Most powerful
Useful More useful Most useful

1. Krishna is the tallest boy in the class (Superlative)


Krishna is taller than many other boys in the class

(comparative)
Very few boys are as tall as krishna (positive)

2. Gopal is the cleverest boy in the class (Superlative)


Gopal is cleverer than many other boys in the class
(comparative)
Very few boys are as clever as Gopal (Positrv-c)

3. Sulthan of Bruno is the richestman in the world (Superlative)


Sulthan of Bruno is richer than many other men in the world

(Comparative)
4. Chennai is one of the biggest cities in South India (Superlative)
Chennai is
bigger than many other cities in India (Comp)
Very few cities in South India are as big Chennai (positive)

5. Kolkatta is the largest city in India (Superlative)


Kolkatta is
larger than many other cities in South India
(Comparative)
Very few cities in India are as large as Kolkatta (Positive)

6. India is the largest democratic countries in the world (Super)


India is
larger than many other democratic countries in the
world (Comparative)
Very few democratic countries in the world are as large as

India. (Positive)
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

PERSONS
CO

1. First person person speaking


2. Second person person spoken to
3. Third person person spoken of

I st person I (singular) we (plural)


End person You (both singular and plural)
IH rd He, She, it
(Singular)
They (Plural)

1 .'FIRST PERSON: ($&>


<o5o First person 6s

: amI

1)
I am Ramu 2) We are Friends.

2. SECOND PERSON :

Second person
: You Your

1) You are good


2) This is your pen
3. THIRD PERSON :

e><ox> Third person

: He She It

They
1) He is vasu

2) It is a beautiful flower sj>

3) They are playing foot ball.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
1. My bag is Big (Positive)

My Bag is bigger than Gopi's Bag (Comparitive)

2, Bill Gates is the Richest man in the world (Superlative)

rO

Bill Gates is Richer man than many others int he world.

(Comparative)

3. Mount Everest is the highest peak (Superlative)

C3

Mount Everestis higher than any other peaks (Comparitive)

(Singular) (Plural)

Present tense, Past tensed5

Present tense Past tense

First Person : I am (sin) I was (sin)


We are (plu) We were (plu)

Second Person : You are (plu) Your were (plur)

Tbrid Person : He/she/it is (sin) He/she/it was (sin)


'

They are (plu) They were (plu)

I st Person : I have Ihad


We have We had
Ilnd Person : You have You had
Illrd Person : He/She/it has He/She/it had
They have They had
I shall go I should go
We shall go We should go
You will go You would go
He/she will go He/she would go
They will go They would go
HIT 23
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
I can write I could write
We shall go I should go
We can write We could write
You can write You could write
He/She can write He/She could write
They can write They could write
I may see I might see
We may see We might see
You may see You might see
He/She may see He/She might see
They may see They might see
PRESENT TENSE : SdttO]

I am
We are o5ocL>55ao

You are

He is/ She is
It is

They are

PAST TENSE : febad saooj


was
We were SosSoo

You were fiodo -

He was/ She was &&&>


It was &&
PRESENT TENSE :

I have

We have

You have
He has

She has
It has
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

PAST TENSE : feto^ saejo]


I had
We had
You had
He had
She had
It had

They had

VOICE [araouS]

Def : Voice is that form of a verb which shows whether what is


denoted by the subject does some thing or something has done to it.

Subject (SCp -S K5aa-X>-c5a3&3c6eD. &>S >>) ^a^borSoc


os5oor6o ^BocSo-oSoc^S5 ^Oa5o^o5oo SaSo (verb)
1

'Voice

'Voice' c3od3

1. Active Voice

2. Passive Voice
Ex: 1. Rama killed Ravana (Active Voice)

Ravana killed by Rama (Passive Voice)

(Ravana)

Passive Voice e>o^j^jo. Active Voice ^ S^ (Subject)


(Nominative) 6^S -ocsao.
Active Voice c&> Passive Voice &S
1. Subject CSepcSo Object g^rp
2. Verb cSco^ Tense c6o 23 Be
3. Verb c&> past participle
4. ^q5^3o5oona 'By' (preposition)
5. (Subject) tfc&> by So (object)
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
1.
Vyasa wrote the MahaBharat (A.V)

The Mahabharat was written by Vyasa. (P.V)

2. The boy eat the fruit (A.V)

The fruit was eaten by the boy (P.V)

3. Kiran flew the kite (A.V)

The kite was flown by Kiran (P.V)

4. The hunter shot dead the Deer (A.V)

The Deer was shot dead by the hunter (P.V)

-cO

5. I write a letter to my sister (A.V)

A letter is written by me to my sister (P.V)

CONJUGATION OF SOME ORDINARY VERBS


p3o (Verb)

05030 (verb) rtO

O5b (Verb)

cD

?5o5ooe3^ona

(Present) s^oo^5 ^)06? ,o5o (Verb)


Present Tease
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
CPast Tense) o5o (Verb) So^cs* Past

Tense

Perfect tense ^3 p> (verb) ?eo Past participle

(Continuous
V

tense) ,ct5o (Verb) &> 'ing' form

1. Bear Bore Born Bearing


2. Beat ^to Beat Beat Beating
3. Become Became Become Becoming
4. Begin i}do)oeftBegon Begun Begining
5. Draw oft&a53o Drew Drawn Drawing

6. Drink Drank Drunk Drinking


7. Drive Drove Driven Driving
8. Eat Ate Eaten Eating
9. Fall Fell Fallen Falling
10. Fight Fought Fought Fighting
11. Fly Flew Flown Flying
12. Find Found Found Finding
13. Forbid Forbade Forbidden Forbidding

14. Forgo Forewent Foregone Forgoing

15. Forget Forgot Forgotten Forgetting

16. Bite Bit Bitten Biting o


17. Blow Blew Blown Blowing
FAST TRACK ENGLISH i
18. Break Broke Broken Breaking
19. Choose Chose Chosen Choosing

20. Come Came Come Coming


21. Sing Sang Sung Singing
22. Do Did Done Doing -cSozoa

23. Sink Sank sunk Sinking


25. Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking
Stolen c53 or )O?6ja
l
25. Steal stealing

26. Get Got Got Getting


27. Give Gave Given Giving
28. Go Went Gone Going
29. Grow Grew Grown Growing
30. Knew Known Knowing "Ser&o^ofcua
31. Ride Rode Ridden Riding
32. Rang Rung Ringing
33. Rise Risen Rising -cSooooija
34. Run Ran Ran Running
35. See Saw Seen Seeing
36. Shake Sc5oex> Shook Shaken Shaking
37. Shine Shone Shone Shining
38. Swim Swam Swam Swimming
39. Take SSoS'cSo Took Taken Taking
40. Tear tso-ei) Tore Torn Tearing
41. Throw sxSdo Threw Thrown
42. Wear $e>o-&) Wore Worn Wearing
43. Weave PSaSoo Wove Woven Weaving
*
A A
T-4. W in rtesoo^aoCSo Won
"\\TT
Won Winning
45. Write a^a5co Wrote Written Writing
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
75. Shoot Shot Shot Shooting
76. Sleep Slept Slept Sleeping

77. Sweep Swept Swept Sweepig


T
1
t

78. Teach Taught aught Teaching


79. Tell Told Told Telling

80. Think Thought Thought Thinking


81. Weep Wept Wept Weeping
82. Pray Prayed prayed Praying
83. Show Showed Shown Showing
84. Sow Sowed Sown Sowing
85. Help Helped Helped Helping

86. Lought Loughed Loughed Loughing


87. Learn Learnt Learnt Learning
88. Leap Lept Lept Leaping
89. Love, Loved Loved Loving
90. Move Moved Moved Moving
91. Order Ordered Ordered Ordering
92. Touch Touched Touched Touching
93. Threaten Threatened Threatened Threatening

94. Walk Walked Walked Walking


95. Want Wanted Wanted Wanting
96. Wash Washed Washed Washing
97. Waste Wased Wasted Wasting
98. Put *0x50 Put Put Puting
99. Cut ^c&x) Cut Cut Cutting
100. Shut 55ooaa5oo Shut Shut Shuting
'

FAST TRA CK ENGLISH


'

?* j :
-

:
;:
:

ff:t :.:|i

'

-r/ /
-/X -

1. PresentTense

2. Past Tense

3. Future Tense

PRESENTTENSE aj3
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense

3. Present Perfect Tense CO

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

PRESENT TENSE

1. The Sun rises in the east.

2. I
go to school daily

3. We take bath every day.

4. Sita goes to temple daily

5. They play cricket daily.

6. Don't Mistake me.

<x
7. It is good to speak truth alays.

8. Prime Minister visits the President

9. Farmers go on hunger strike,

10. The Earth rotates around the sun.

(Subject) (Singular) &$& ^db^ (III


*
Person) ^^<6 (Jcdj (
'es' 's'

: VISIT + S = VISITS
EXERCISE
1.

2. __
3. ___
4.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. I am writing a letter

2. Look, they are playing foot ball.

3. He is
reading the lesson

4" Listen somebody is


knocking at the door.

5. We are going to school


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
6. You are watching T.V

Am- ^ccjz>o;o
ol
Is -
*x)>,
oc
-Gc&gb
ci
Are -
-e^oSS),
cl
-e

I - am We -
are You -
are He, she, it -
is

is + not = isn't are = not = aren't

EXERCISE:
1.

2.

3.

4.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1. I have just come here.

2. He has finished writing.

3. They have paid the money.

4. She has arrived in time.

Have - S)rki5x>ocSD Has -

I, We -
have You -
have

He, she, it -
has They have -

Have not = Haven't

S56
cO
5 Perfect ?o&&
C> Have, Has 3 o>oc&) * '
-

Singular HI Person ^ ^o^S 'Has' D<^ &&&*& cg)o^ Hr\-e


f
FAST TRACK ENGLISH :>

EXERCISE:
1.

2.

3.

4.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


69

eo&ecxx ^s Sog^s Have been,

Has been e^5 pp e5^ex) o5n>cca


Ex :
I, we -
have been You -
have been
He, she, it They -
has been -
have been
Have + not + been = Haven't been
Has + not + been = Hasn't been
Present Perfect Continuous Tense ^ 'since', 'for
1

e5 prepositions
times >

^)a53^^cn3.
Since : Point of time spieSSS ?ofooo & ^o^5 Since

Eg. Since 1995, since June, since Friday, since 5'O clock, since
morning, since evening, since night, since yesterday, etc .....
For : Period of time @*oe$ s^cs5S)a) o^>oc5 ^ocScxS5 For

Eg: For 2 hours, for 3 days, for 5 years, for 4 weeks, for 10 days,
for 15 minutes, for a long time etc .....

Eg:
1. I have been writing a letter since 7 AM
ScSo is3o>o 7 oxo& -e^o
__D 53ao^oX)
r5oiie>
_D d < '

2. You have been watching T.V since 5'O clock


5
3.
They have been doing business since 1990.

1 990
T? 4 OT TT) A /TX
S
" '''
'"'''-"'' \ TV r TC<TJ
'

'^ : :^ :: i :i '

';^
' '
1
;v: > i: : :/''v '':'
7/c4 CA ENGLISH
::
.v: : .v\V.v" T" 1
:
tA^x'j4>*^r^->>/'>:$ i::: : : : : : ;
.'v' ; : ;r : ; 1
'':'

/^5/
: ''?'"-: : : .''

: : : :

: -;: <?;..i^-v: ..,; ^:

4. He has been working in this company for 10 years.

<*>e$fSO &> SoSD&^S 1 O JxXDSSeSD^O


<X>
roO& ^
5. We have been residing here for 3 years

Z5}55oo s^d cr
3 ?ooo5^C5^e; cSoo
rO

6. It has been raining for 2 hours

EXERCISE
1. _

2.

3.

4.

PAST TA/S
The work already completed in the previous period is

calledPast Tense.

. Past Tense. s*fi>

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE foo&S


2. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
3. PAST PERPECT TENSE 5*|> S^D
4. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple Past Tense represents the work done in Past time

CO

Past Tensed o> (Verb) S^c5a ^^Ss^ex^ (Past Tense)

Ex: 1. 1 came from Mumbai last week


SoC5
v-^
5D&t5o ^o 25^08^^030 oboe* or 1
;

2. He ran after the running bus.


FAST TI^CK ENGLISH ^-y.^^^
3. He saw a movie yesterday.

. Did you go to Temple?

5. They visited our house last year.

ooxx>

ID *>s^<5^
Came (Come) Ran (Run), Saw (See), Visited (Visit)

o5D C^^5^ cooTgc6 Verbs) Past Tense 6^5aex). <=9e0r5 Do


Did esiSe) ^eSsao &^oo (Past Tense form)
=
ftfo&$: Negative
532^0^ Did + Not Didn't (Do npt)
Ex: 1. Didn't you borrowed some money from himp

2. I didn't know whether he came or not.

EXERCISE
1.

2.

3.

4.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE


If any work was in past tense it is called Past
continuing
Continuous Tense.

Past

Continuous Tense. exDto^b.

jEx: 1. He was reading, when I went to his house yesterday

2. When the Head Master visited the class, pupil were playing

3. It was raining when she came out of the


college.

oSCip
Past Tense & -'was' C^o&oxO 'were
1

r8 o5oe)S3,'
v-> Neeative
O
'NOT 1

was +not = Wasn't (Wasnot)


were + not = Weren't (Werenot)

EXERCISE
1.

2.

3.

4.

PAST PERFECT TENSE


If any word was already done in the Past Tense it is called
Past Perfect Tense.

ast Perfect Tense


Ex: I had written a letter.

He had won the game.

We had committed a mistake.

They had vacated the house.

OOOX> ^E5^ -SS)^>t3D.

?oor>)

^OR^-S^ p> (Verb)


Past Participle ^0^, oD^o^ ^ eSo^ ^Tio^5^ p>
5
(Verb) <&>
Simple
Past Tense ob aDacsaO.

Ex: Ravi had completed his home work, when I went his house.

Sc& 6S> CGOO&S S^6G


^3
^eSc&) o^OSSS.O" q^O
_J -3S)^ClD.

The train had left the station, when we reached there.

Negetive &5o^ Had + Not = Hadn't


EXERCISE
1.

2.

3.

4.

it is

Ex:
_
_
__
__
1.

2.

3.
_
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH

_____

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


If any work was contineuing for a period of time in past tense
called Past Perfect continuous Tense.

I had been working


1995-200O oQ
He
o

had been playing cricket for

The employees had been working when the


burnt.
&$liJKi$m^

in army between 1995-2000


^D oD^o^5 So^> -S^Dj ^)o
last ten years.
_____

_____

factory was

'Had' e^S ^3&o p) (Past Verb)


'been' ^S 5oC5o SC^>oc5a) r555oS)o-) ^)otodD.

'Be' form ^^sao &&& Been, s^ Past Perfect Continuous

Tense 6 s 5&S
^5 S^^SocS
-wV^S Q_
djao.
o (singular) e 5 &^f3^&3&o (Plural)
S ^53^ (Person) ^ ^v^^ c3^ ^5o 'Had
1

Negative S5&) 'NOT 1

Had -f Not = Hadn't (Had not)


EXERCISE
1.
__
2.

3.

4.

_"_
*
38 '

'_ .''*'-" *_''_


''* '.-.". -.".' '.'.-"kv >^'
.-'' T'->:'>"-'-^>-X-X-:'^M-X''IX>
^
v.-. '.;:.

lili ^i:^

coming time
:-

:
- :
'
^ :<
:

FUTURE TENSE
^l

;',^'^^V^:^ ^>';!::^^^ ;^.:^!::. ; .

The Tense which tells about the to be happened work


is called Future Tense.
:l
': : ':
:
:
:
:v; :
;
:
^:
:
;!'
:
:
:
'
:
:'.
:
':'' ^xv.vf.'V.'-:
1

. .':'*/'? 1-:
'

:
/'* T"1 4
FAST
^
fT" TT*
^ \ r TOTT
TRACK ENGLISH
,4 /"""I"-7
"

I" 1
^^^^^^^^^H^^^B^^^^rt^^K
r/""

in forth

cO

Shall, will

(Helping verbs) 5a!o^;3&c:a


1

1st Person 'shall', II, III Persons 'will

(Singular) e^ooo^^ Shall sk^oaft^db. Persons, Numbers


Will S o^i5db.
--
1st Person
- Sineular
1
O Will && ) S)^o5jacO
TCO ol
^)a3o^?5ooo.
D

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE


Simple future tense tells about the work that is to be done in
future time

Ex: 1. I shall read the lesson

2. You will go to Guntur


3. We shall see picture

4. They will go home ajatfo s*o3

Simple Future Tense ^ g^^c5o^ sS-^cOs^fe Will, Shall


ccoex> $6 (Subject) SD 5cooc5o

Ex: 1. Shall I go?


2. Will you write a letter?

3. Will she sing music ?

4. Will they play cricket?


1st Person 'Will' -eac3o*r^;>
_D '$55Sxx3
oj

Ex: 1. I will do this work &> ^e ^a3 -Sh

2. We will keep up the word '<SDo5x) 5Sja&>


Ex:

2.

3.

4.
_
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

____
___
EXERCISE
1.
o>

2.
1
<x^5*j^
Shall

Will

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE


I

Future Perfect Tense

happens in future.

Ex: 1.

2.
S3
do
(Subject)

this

you keep up
Job

Cricket match will have over by

I shall have reached


?
OOOC$D Shall, Will

^co ^a
the word?

tells
>>

Socb

about the

home by night
work
__
_____
______

that certainly

tomorrow evening

3. He will have completed that work by tomorrow.

4. They will have reached tomorrow by this time.


temple
-So ^>otocx).

Will, shall $5 (Subject) So ^cooeSo


1. Will you have written a letter by the evening?

2. Will she have gone to Delhi


by Monday

3 . Shall we have completed this work by day after tomorrow?


FAST TRACK ENGLISH

EXERCISE
1.

2.

3.

4.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


Future Perfect Continuous Tense tells about the work going
on in future.

Form ^c5jar>oe>*>oe>. eo5


1

cO
'BE shall be,J will be

55
w^
cDs&o^oJoa
-O
55oo>.
_ s
cr5o
^
'Verb' So 'ING' form
Ex: 1. I shall be singing in the Auditorium by evening

2, You will be reading news paper by tomrrow morning.

3. At the time Radha goes to park Ravi will be waiting.

4. They will reading the lesson by the evening this time.

-O CO Will,7 Shall S6&


_D
S53ooc5o D

1. Will Ravi be waiting at the time Radha goes to Park?

2. Will they be reading the lesson by evening this time?

EXERCISE
1.

2.

$o* a/fon aog& ifrgyfoS 41


4.
__
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

3.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE


This Tense
and that
tells about any work that will be started in future
will be continuing for a period of time.

fO

'BE' form BEEN CaS53 n eSo^o^oos). ^^050^ poo

(helping verbs) <*>ococ6 Shall, Will e?^5 e^to 'Have'

SHALL HAVE BEEN, WELL HAVE BEEN


Ex: 1. He shall have been writing a letter next Sunday.

2. I will have been playing in Olympics next year.

3. Ravi have been working in Kochin end of this year.

4. We have been conducting competitions for 10 years next


March. .

10 <O

ro

EXERCISE:
1.
____
2.
_____
3.

4.

Tenses rtboo-o
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

> >ex> Silent Words

Autum(n) = He(s)t
=

Cou(l)d
= Wou(l)d =
= Wa(l)k
=
Ca(l)m
=
ShouQd = Chris(t)mas

= Forei(g)n
=
(K)nife

Hym(n)
= W(h)en =
= =
(H)our (P)sychology

= G(u)itor
=
(W)ho
= Of(t)en
=
Ni(gh)t

= Whis(tle)
-
(K)nee
=
Chempa(G)ne = W(h)ien
- (W)hose
=
Ex(p)board
= =
Dau(gh)ter Nei(gh)bour
= (W) rite =
Lis(t)en

= Clim(b)
-
(K)nock

W(h)ere
- W(h) ether = <->cco
FAST TRACK ENGLISH &.

=
I(s)land San(d)witch =

(W)hole = Hi(gh)
=

Ou(gh)t
- Fas (t) en

(W)rong (K)nob =

Com(b) = W(h)y =

(H)onest
= =
I(r)on

We(d)nesday G(u)ess

Hei(gh)t
= =
Ta(s)k

K)now = Si(g)n
=

Clum(p) = W(h)at =

(H)onour = Mus(c)le

G(u)ide Li(g)hr
=

(Silent

Letters)x

no

rr>
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH

MLATIONS
eio

Father 3o S5oc55 Mother CO

Parents ro
Son

Daughter Grand
Grand Daughter Brother

Sister coe6 Elder CD

Cousin Husband
Wife

o>or>6 Younger Step


JT
Son
Son-in-law Family
Daughter-in-law
Brother-in-law

Step Daughter
Faster Father

Faster Mother
Faster child

Faster Brother 3355oa?65fo> <^5&>&>

God Mother
Faster Sister
eo

God Father
Sister-in-law
CD

Step Mother ro

Aunt

Nephew

Niece

Grand F;
Grand Mother !b5*55olba,
55oc56 Mother-in-law

Geneology
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Ancestors

Forefathers

Descendants

Posterity
Kindred
Relation

Kinsman
Generation

Love 555 Lover

^Rivel Courtship
Alliance Dowry V

Delivery t^
Portion

Master

Wedding
Bridegroom
Bride cr>

Best man
SoocoS Bestmaid CO

Bride

Bride cake Ibo<S


ro
Q

Nuptial bed

Monthly course

Conception
Abortion
Mis carriage
Still born
Barren ness

Land lady
Servant

Testator

Legatee
Executor
li FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Administrator

Hand maid
Bond maid
Bond man
Minor 18

Major 18 slS

One of age

Jointure

; ''///. ;./;..;;

"/".'*/'",' ,-*",

Body Crown
"

Skull Forehead ?5oc5oc5o

Face 50 Eye
Feature Corner of
a the eye

SO Eye lid SO Eye lash


SDgS Eye brow SO Eye ball

>O Wink Ear

Temple Hair

Mouth Toungue
Gums Lip

Upper lip ?bc5S) Under lip po>css>


Tooth Teeth c5oe$55ooex>

Joint Fore teetho5oooC5o55'&><3

Jaw c555c& Palate

Cheek Chin
>O50 Beard c
Wrist

Shoulder e>e355oo Arm


Breast Chest

Back Side

on
FAST TRACK ENGLISH i;f^Mm^
Belly Newel
Left handcoe$o5o->cco-c t 365 \
Right hand
Fist Armpit
Elbow Hand -5ooo.

Throat Neck

Finger Fore finger

Thumb Knuckle

Nail Waist

Lap Thigh
Knee Knee pan
Foot Ankle -<e>o5ooc

Heel Great toe

Calf of the leg

Hole of the ear

Gristle of the ear

sjcdoS Drum of the


e> Tip of the nose
Nostrils

Bridge of the nose


Sole of the foot

Adam's apple e>

Lack of hair ^
Palm of the hand e>t5x$cco

Bank of the hand SofiD

Flat nose siccv 5 Crop ear

Deaf SDOOOCX!! Blind

5D Squint eye Scurf

Mole Wart
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Deafness Dumb
Pimple StammerineO
Tetter Boil
to

Itch Halt

Humb Lame
Left handed

Right handed

Bandy legged
Cripple
Blindness

Purblind
ro

SD Pearl in the eye

BODY
*
' * ' ' ' ' ''" ' '
''
* ' '
' '
"

'/,'''/.''/ ''.*'**",'.-"/ .'' *


. - -' .' - .'
' '
.
-

'',-"W ,' /.',''.' ''.'*'*'"'.'".'",*"'' ''.*,'".-','," ."",'.", ,*..-',".'.'. ." .-'.',

Heart e>cx Lungs

Spleen Kidney

Liver Uvula

Windpipe Womb
Sweat oO Spittle

Tear Stomach
Bowels Entrails

Fibres Artery
Vien Bone

ro
Bladder ro
Blood

Bile Choler

Gall Skin

Pores T, Seed

Sperm Urine
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
Urethra cpcOrO Feces

Flesh Snivel

Marrow Backbone

Felon > Aspect


Good case o5oo-os^5E3o5oo Redness

Air Health

Look
Mien Thinness

Paleness ^Be^fej, SPO^D^

Pitch Speech

Deformity Size

Carriage Strightliness

Motion Weeping
Twinkling 2odo5oa, Gaiety

5
s5o5Illhumou:

Gait Shape
Voice Silence

^22o5 Sneezing Grace

Liveliness Dream >

Vision -
Snoring
Breath Belch

Ease yawning
Hiccough Sigh

Watching
Rest
THE OBJECT OF THE FIVE SENSES

Sweet Noise

Light Shadow
Sound Sweet smell
Bad smell Relish

Darkness Anger
Bitter Bitterness
63 CJ

Sorrow weet acid

Pity Acrimony
Cool ro
Heat

Indigestion Grief

Pain Sweetness

Soreness Acridity

Poignant Saltness

Enthusiasm fO

Stink

&^>SoS56 Distemper Sickness

Relapse
Head ache Dizziness

Swoon Fainting

3ei
'
Strone
O breath Hoarseness

Cough Chincough
Cold Rheum IU

A^rhrna

Apoplexy Belly-ache
Matter
T A C'T' TT> /^f7 LNGLlbH ,,.
TRACK T?\J/~ T JOTJF
1 -- ,- ,..,
4 .--.v,

FAST
1 ..
;-y.;.

^^

Sore rpo5as5oo Ulcer

Fistula e^TSogsSoo Wound


Small pox Chiken pox

Fit

Ague Death

qDo55 Bilious fever 03^


Plaeue
O

Contagion

Symptom
Delirium

Crisis

si/5 Battlin in the throat

Agony
Canker

Falling sickness

Looseness

Obstruction

el
9) Stoppage of urine

'
-
:- -*'-'' -'>- ^''-^'- .-J /'.-..-'.

Physic s>c1r5n355Loe? Powder

Medicine Dose

<O
Pills Puree
"

Vomit Nutritive

Bath

52
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

WQ1RDS OF SOUL AND ITS FACULTISS

Soul Mind rO

Genious Reason

Judgement Sense

Sensibility Thought
Idea Imagination

Fancy Folly
s>65 Wit Will LO

Caprice

Liberty Wisdom s

Opinion Sentiment

Truth Error

Mistake Oversig
O

Science Learning

Knowledge Sagacity

Application Attention

Attainment Acquire

Qualities Qualification

Inclination

Propensity Ability

Capacity Memory '

Recollection
Sf

Forgetfulness

Temper Humour >

Passion Effection
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

Friendship^ Intimacy

SS5 Desire Wish

Hope Despair

<x>
Apprehension qDO>5 Fear

Trust Expectation

CD Disquite

Shame > Bashfulness

Civility 55oo^c5 Incivility

Rudeness Courtesy

SS5 Desire Mercy

Imputation Pity

Austerity Caution

Inquiry Virtue

Modesty
Defidensv

Anxiety

Distraction

Confidence

Intercourse

Familiarity

Effability

Rememberness

Notion

Acquisition soo-oSo,

Reverence

Commiseration

;:;;
54
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Sweetness sfofS5

Lenity C5o5o, Sdora ??> Grace

Concord e>t5^a^c5oo
ob> Peace

Patience >& s^^bo^ Inpatience

Prudence ^poa^^-cSfS siogpcl<%5 Imprudence

Constancy

,S Fortitude r5o!^r&^,
J
<2>r5c 55co o&rS6
_o o_ -O Honour
S Gratitude ^jeSg "^^^ Ehestity

Simplicity
X ^
^DO2doeDc>eSco5oa s^odfc Industry
^
OLJ
^^

Skill C&JQ^ ^5 Care

Delieence
O -e5oc5b&)^c6o5oc) 3^>
Q_
Vice

Valour ^oijaoS^aD ^s5^ Bravery

'j>
CD
Practice ^x5oo-oSD 5&S-8965
T^
Habit
^ *
-J^

bin ^cOoDCD so Crime

Boldness SclrSaeaSSoo
a -o
35^ Courage
O

Bounty
Union

Discretion

Perservance
y^ ^
Jhconomy S^ToS^easSoan^ -oodoo

Resentment

Decency

S&^ob^} Happyness

Dexterity

Activity

Audocity

55
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
Defect Default

Misdemeanor Insolence

Anger Rage

Fame Reputation

Wrath Fury

Injury Wrong
3 Lie cO
i
Falsehood o

Flattery Wickedness

Fraudulency 3556 Knavery

Sport Drollerty

Vivacity

Indignation

Terror

Malice

Al arm

Consternation

Pre caution o5c

Assurance

Baffoonery

Debauchery

Prodigality

Licentiousness

Ostentation

Pride

Drinkness

Violence

Fearsness

56 gcffifr
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Cruelty

Tyranny
Stability OJ

Instability

Guilt

Guiltiness

Arrogance
Lust

Extravagance

Partiality

Impartiality

Treason

Forgery

Perjury
Theft

Murder

Regicide

Parricide

Matricide

Fratricide

Suicide

Infanticide

Food ^aJStScSoo D^> Meal

Breakfast 5&:52>e Sq3<x> Tiffin


Supper Invitation

Feast >oc5o Loaf

Bread &Q
Brown New loaf

Stale Toast

Crust Slice

Dinner Mouthful

of bread

Meat Mutton

Lamp Shoulder

Leg Breast

^ Neck Bone

Beaf Veal

Pork Cummin seed

Roast Fowl >>,

Pallet Chiken tr>

Egg Glair
N

Yolk Fried egg

ro

Boiled Capon

Tamarind Chilly

Pepper SX>ooc5o<>X) Mustard

58
^4Sr F&4 Ctf ENGLISH
Onions 85os6 Ginger

S 230335 Dry gi Nutmeg


Mace Cubebs

Cloves Cinnaman

Cardi mum 5^. o3o, Anise

Ham cOo^355axD?55oo, Boiled meat

Coriander seed 02*000^ Loin

Spices

Soup Fish

oocx5 q}!} Fried Boiled fish

Greens Salt

Vinegar pickle

Fruit Muffin

Tart Cake

Biscuit Sweetmeats

Sugar Scpr55 Sugar candy


Cheese CO
Butter

Ghee Milk

Cream uttermilk

Drink Tea I

Coffee 0^5 Liquor

Syrup Wine
855 Bear Brandy
457" TRACK ENGLISH m
s^d&S
m Claret Arrack

Toddy
Shaerbet

Lemonade

Salad

Pie

SO Jelly

Dessert

Man's clothes^)db5cpo Dress

Clothes o5g,ooX> n2>5Sao^5 Garment

Shirt 2>oao5 ^65 Waist coat

Sleeves Coat

Breeches -o5o^So5oo csao5o6 Drawers

Neck clothes C5oo-o5o

Pocket

Button Stockings

Shoes Shoe buckles

Slippers Spur lether

Sandals Cap
TRACK ENGUSH
Hat Belt

Curl e3>e*>ex> Sword

Watch efeoo rt<Sa5o^555co Snuff box CO

Cane e3$s5co Umbrella

Petticoat Stays
J

Spur

CO
Boots rO

Garters

Riding coat

Jacket

Plume

Wigo <^5oo-o5D e^fcorte;

Sash

rO Spectacles
JL

cO
Suit of clothes oo

Cocked hat

WHOME
house

house maid

housel hold

house wife 5552.


O"
housework

hearth (^5 door


house keeper sjoficO 55ocOlq

home help

63
home sted SK^S esctfoStoo,
tJ
sjex),
CD

61
"
f^T TP r STT/' A T TfJT
TRA CK ENGLISH
1
A A F"1 '

FAST
''-'
7~* 7 ./"""*
;;>>..

&& home and hearth s^eo

quarter

flat (set of rooms on one floor of a building)

portico
i 63 CJ O steps
^

e5cS5 step ladder 55o^e rung

^) stair case 2o&>


r^O
ladder

roof porch 55ooo5e)

door bell ro
S^D-S

door keeper window

door mate r5ocSao


o ro

sill SoS
<2
blind S
curtain window fan

dinine
O table -3^ kitchen

dining
O room e
'
welcome
kitchen maid OO

kitchen garden

dawing room
bedroom room
lavatory varandah

spoon knife

chair cabinet

landing
showcase
cat
CO
bedsted

mattress bedstred

62 ^rfo/p
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
bed sheet corpet
wall paper e>o-t5

WORDS OK TRAJ)E AND COMMERCE

Bale G fc<3<5
fO
Parcel eS. CJ

Bag Bundle

Weights Measure

Interest Loan so
"CO

Discount

Income Profit

Gain Loss

Creditor Payment
Pledge

Mortag Bidding

SSoStipulation time

Moragage <0

Mortagager 63

Profit and loss

Simple interest

Handicraft

Merchant

Commerce

Business

interest
Compound

Prinicipal stock
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Scales, balance

Handycraft

Barter

Ready money

CO Partnership

Banker

* Import Export

Partner ^5 Part or share

Shop Shop keeper

CO
Customer
Wealth ?5o5c5 Note

Cash Money
Bond Receipt

Bill of sale

j Bill of exchange

eScSsSoo Charges
Bargain

6D
Contract Purchase

Signature Seal

Date Post

Postage Accountant r$e3SoSo

Acqount Waste book -> ^<So5aa


~
JJournal Ledger

Writer a7>OL5oaaJ2>cio
Passport

Clearence Duty

Ferry Ship
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Boat Ferry boat SSaoao

Raft Float

Cable Rope
Twine Anchor

eo
Mast Sail

Rudder &5 Oar

Fleet of boats

Warf

Return agreement

Hawker

ro
Pedlar

Flag Decree Ik3o


a?

Clerk Lawyer
Claim Plea -

Suit Action

Fee Cost

Right Complainant

Umpire Jury

3 Grand jury

Petty jury

Judgement Award
Verdict

Centence Crime

Guilt Criminal

;5c>cScD Offender

Murdeier Bawd

Pimp
FAST TRACK ENGLISH ,'. . .".-. f^.'.-.-.-.-.-Ai'.'.^v.': .xv-.-.vWs-^ .<.<.->, ,. .-..-,, ::. fy.-,'.<'/:-Wfm^

Quarrel Abuse

Threat Prision

Jail Gaol

House of correction

Chain Scorage

Hanging Stangling

Callous

Notice

Warrant

Assault

Punishment /^

School 5^^" College

University

Teacher Mdtdtor

Usher

Student Stadious

School fellow

Ordeal

Chapter

Section

Compilation

Preface 3^J^Q^
co
Conclusion

Index Abridgement
Comment esc56 Author
s&2oo&>> Commentary Suppliment
Commentator Pen

Compiler

Paper 5^$o5oo c5J5^o5 Ruler

o>^>5 Sheet of paper

o><556 Quire of paper

0^555 Stained paper

Ink Quill

Folder

Marginal notes

Nib of a pen Se>c5oD

rr
Slet of a pen

^p^pSSp^i^Si^^pfilpfei
'//ytffi$yss.-'fy
-^ty^s/ssys^

Geography

Astronomy
Mechanics

Hydraulics

Hydrostatics

Peneumatics

Optics

Trigonometry

Astrology

Algebra

Geomentry
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
Arithmetic

Grammar oz2R Logic

Rhetoric Poetr

WORDS OF MINERALS

Mine Mineral

Metal Gold

Silver Led

Iron
Copper
Brass metal Sor^o

Steel Tin

Pewter Tinsel

Rust Verdigris

Arsenic Salt petre ro

Vermilion Tutenag

< Vitriol
Copperas

Alum Borax

Ruddle

Carbuncle Diamond

Sardonyix Topaz

Sapphire

Pearl
Ruby

Hone Touch stone

Load stone Crystal


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
'

*. .
, -."

W0R0S OF WAR AND OF AN ARMY

Well disciplined troops e$^t5cxx>o5

Declaration of war

body of an army
Van or Van guard osa^aS s^ooe^ ^DrObex>

5*5 63 sx^ Right or left wing&>5


Escort csao^Cso

Body of reserve
Watch-ward

Horse of c

Light horse

Infantry or Foot

Handful of man

Straggling party

Forlorn hope rte?o)c5c555co,

6ooo5^g2oo65 Reinforcement &

Succours of supplies ^5&Soc5b5oo,


yjgfi

Muster roal

Muster or

Counter march

Rendezvous

Contention

Canonade
"T^ * t T 1 1

riched battle ^DD-cDxSaSco O5coc5s5ca

69 "ISfpi
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
Brunt shock cc5coc5o5co^

Desertion

Deserter S>o5^>S

Ransom
Field of battle

rr>

Bombardment

Sap
r

The lion roars

The tiger growls

The elephant roars c5ax>r5b


*

The wolf howls

The fox barks

the horse neights

S) The ass brays

The bull bellows tfog

The cow lows

rO
The sheep bleats

The hog grunts

oDO The pig squeaks

The dog barks

fi) 5 The cat purrs

The kitten mews m

rt>
The monkey chatters &&
:3 x KM C"T* TT* A /~*tr \TS~*T TC'TJ
FAST TRACK ENGLISH 7" 1
:
i':?:;^

The peacock screams ?5s5o) osc5o5co

The turkey gobbles


> The goose cackles
5) The duck quacks >c5o-c5j?6o

The owl hoots ro


c5oo5on5o

The cock crows '

e)n5o?6o

The pigeon cooes


The sparrow chirps o

The swallow twitters

S) The screech owl shrieks


The snake hisses

g) The mouse squakes


The frog croaks 1

s5o?6o?5o

The wa^p hums

''.^'-''.-''/.'^t'x-v^f''
-'"
v s
.

!'/
f .'
',.'.--.-/ 3$9R:DS;
v
/".''.'.'.'".''-"'-y '. . ".'
"*"
.".- ".-'''.'.,'.".'', . ".-',
...--.
''.'.'".', '.'.'.-'.''. '.'.''.'.''.*'. '.''/.';'.'.'/.'//.
_.-''/ /S/s s ://.-

^-pyrirHur;wi^
-^ '.'

^ -'. '.-'.-

Garble

ro Play
Passtime

Ball

Bat

Tap
Marbles

Doll

Puppet
Kite

Swing, swinging -06^ ( -e

Chess board -c5c5c5or5^>)


x ,<
L>nessman x5c5oortc^)

Back gammon e^S sx3oc6


4 TT
FAST
7"1 /^Tf
TRACK C* T IC'TT
ENGLISH
1 1 J"> A 1"* ?l T/"7 &y. :
*'<- '"'x :%''
'
f
< '.''/, 'iV *
: :
;
:
:' : :v-'' A^-y/'-^'i'^^'S^'^-^^^^KiS;

Dice

Cards cr
eo

?55 Partner

Loss

Win
lottery

Ticket

Prize

Blank

Foot , 1 2
Cubit

Hand breath
o? Span
Inch

Yard
Fathom

Furlong C22O
Mile C8

League

Antonyms

Above below oc5

accept re fuse

acquit convct

CD
actve passve
i ei
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
advantage p&& disadvantage
agree differ

ascend descend e>rt>

attractive repulsive

barbarous civilized

barren fertile

base noble

beautiful ugly

beginning end 690^0

belief doubt

bitter sweet

blunt sharp
brave timid

bravery

bright dark

broad narrow

care neglect

cheap expensive

clean dirty

black white

clever stupid

cruel kind

credit cash

defensive offence

deligent idle

desease health

domestic wild
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
dry wet

late
early

full
empty

encourage discourage *x5Dg*55cx>i)

fact toccoo fiction

fake true
9
far G50X5O near C5r5<5
o

fat thin oi.

fickle constant >OGOtt)

final initial

fresh stale

foolish wise

gain loose

general particular

glut
small

happiness misery

hard soft 2o|a>

haste delay

heavy light

high low oc5

honour shame

hope despire

humble haughty

import export

include exclude

inferior superior

inhale exhale
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
g&o&>> accidental

joy sorrow

keen dull 9GOO?&

lend borrow

likeness difference S>3cx>a5a

>sx>e>6 similar dissimi

make mar

literate illitarate

master servant

maximum minimum Sc^6o


moral immoral

mortal

natural

negative positive

obey disobey

old P
, young

open ff> shut, closed

optimist pecimist

oral written

peace war

perminent ^^&o temporary

pan pleasure

Srion*
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
presence abscent 6

punctual

profit loss

punish rewad

pure impure

regular irregular

remember forget

rich poor
rise set

rought smooth

rude polite

savage civilized

soft hard

good bad

black white

tafl short

strong weak

fast slow

interesting
t
boaring

thick thin

many few

5S>o5 much less

tight loose

talkative retcenc
FAST TRACK ENGLISH

"CO fry

Sodo eo

CO

(Subject), a5o (Verb), ^ (Objea)


(Parts of speech) rtoo?&> S>
55^0 cx>5a

1. She is a drug addict

2. Be away from drinking (Alchohal)

3. Don't lose your tongue

4. It is an unpardonable mistake you have done

5. He made Himalayan blunder

6. I
apologise for the mistake

7. I regreat for that unhappy incident

8. What are you worried about?

9. What in to be worried about?

10. There is nothing to worry about.

11. Worry is a slow poison

12. Ravi did it in a hurry without giving a thought to it.

C>S>
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
13. Latha and Venu are dejected lovers, the love birds

14. Who can trust the wicked man?

15. Anything does not last long in this universe

16. Every thing is


perishable, one day or the other.

17. She preferred to remain unmarried

18. Sunil left early for office to-day.

19. He is on leave, due to his illness.

20. I have got my leave sanctioned.

21. His interference is not necessary

22. His uncharitable remarks were unwarranted.

23. RTG strike was observed state wide


/?%

24. Be soft in your behavidur (Manners)

25. Be polite in your behaviour

26. Avoid argument. Adopt yes' response.

27. Do not Boast much about yourself.


> rtoOo-S) oDSc^^n
28. Don't exaggerate things.

o
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
29. Be a keen (patient) listener.

30. Don't force your views on others.

31. I have just got it.

32. The tea is


fairly hot and tasty.

33. The tea is


getting cold Have it.

34. What is the special dish to day !

35. Then, I shall get ready soon?

36. Do your remember your promises.

37. Promises should be kept.

38. Will they be accompanying us?

39. Have you spoken to her personally?

40. That I don't know.

41. Is every thing well at home?

42. All is well that ends well.

43. Why not? By all means.

44. He is just having tea

45. You better hurry up. We may be late.


Sfco
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
1 1

46. Please get up it is seven clock already.


2o^D<5^ C&>g) ^oD^ o!><3o r5o&>ex> e>oaooe>.
47. Are not you going to your office today?

48. Please don't trouble me. Don't pester m for money.

49. What are you upset about?

50. What are you worried about?

51. We agree on almost everything.

52. We disagree on some issues.

53. We differ on some points.

54. It
depends on various factors.

55. It has some impact.

56. You should not insistl on that.

57. Don't insist on that.

58. He persisted in his foolish ideas.

c^c5SfcO^3rCgCSa
59. She finds fault with every one,
69c3o <>O5O& $o5j>o&SL>i5bO
a)

60. They have been provided accomodation.


OL)

61. Please accomodated ten persons.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
62. I will give you provided you return it tomorrow.

63. Your interpetation is


unnecessary (Unwarranted)

64. No need of your interpetation.


> 6^~aDa c&o e>o5^3c5o efcb.
-o^-o
65. I admire him for his sagacity

66. He deserves a great deal of admiration (appreciation)

67. What brought about the confrontation, (argument)

68. He seems to be very ambitious

69. He seems to be a sincere & honest.

70. I
appreciate your kind (help) very much.

71. She was very rude to us

CO

72. We are quite aware of his honesty & celebrity

73. I admire his sincerety and honesty a great deal.

74. Was the Journey comfortable?

75. There was a mishap and there were some casualities.

76. There was no hope of survival among the victims.

ro

77 . I can't find my watch any where.

78. Have you searched for it


every where?
FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
79. Just go and see whether she is ready or not.

80. You are getting late, hurry up.

81. But where has gone this fellow at this moment.

82. Don't you remember this?

83. Who thought of it?

84. You will be surprised to see me.

85. Are you surprised to me?

86. So, you like it


very much? Are not you?

87. Every one is waiting for you eagerly.

88. This attire (suits) you perfectly well.

89. You seem to be new (stranger) to this place.

90. Where do you hail from?

91. I am basically from Andhra. She is from Punjab

92. You could have said this some time ago.

93. You should have done this long before.

94. She is not keeping pace ^ith the class.

95. Very strange to hear such thing to happen.

530^4?
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
96. What are your findings then?

97. Very regrettable, awkward situation

98, Their conditions are deplorable.

99. She is not in a good mood-to day-leave her alone.

100. His behavious was ugly (rude)

101. There was no time left for all that.

SB* e>>S
ol
So
a
?5c5o.

102. There were several things to do

103. There were several things you do not know.

104. I have not understood the problem concetly.

105. We have not information that she was arriving

106. It had annoyed her very much. Your indecent behaviour


(advances)

107. She should avoid confrontation with others.


So ooo^do^5 <^&55&&>o &&&>&&*>.
108. The issue was raised in parliament by the opposition time
and again

109. Several things he uttered annoyed her.

110. Prior permission should be obtained.

111. He made a good profit in business.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^"

112. The company incurred heavy losses due to mismanagement.

113. He rejected the offer politely.

114. I smelt something horrible.

115. It was thought provoking.

all over.
116. They lay scattered (strewn)

rainfall will be in coastal districts due to


117. Wide spread
of Bengal
depression in Bay

118. There was a scattered rainfall in Telangana and Rayala Seema.

119. We managed to sort out the differences.

120. We persuaded them to find out an arricable solution.


after
121. There was tremendous development in the country
independence.

122. Pursue the matter at the earliest.

123. God made man, man made 'money' and 'many .

124. Marry in haste and repent at leisure

125. Haste makes waste make haste slowly.

126, Life is a comedy of erros.

CO
FAST TRACK ENGLISH
127. The first half of our life is comedy, the second half tragedy.

128. Life is a comedy when seen in close-up a 'tragedy' in the long


shot.

129. Then, what do you suggest?

130. Is it really good?

131. Is it
really worth while?

132. Is it really useful?

133. Is it genuine?

134. Keep it in your mind.

135. Don't expose other's misdeeds.

136. You will have to hurry. Otherwise you will have to worry
(regret)

137. She is hostile to wands me

138. It is
nightly impossible.

139. It is
deplorable (regrettable)

140. That's been possible.

141. That was found to be very beneficial.


FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
112. The company incurred heavy losses due to mismanagement.

113. He rejected the offer politely.

114. I smelt something horrible.

115. It was thought provoking.

116. They lay scattered (strewn) all over.

117. Wide spread rainfall will be in coastal districts due to

depression in Bay of Bengal

118. There was a scattered rainfall in Telangana and Rayala Seema,

119. We managed to sort out the differences.

120. We persiiaded them to find out an arricable solution.

121. There was tremendous development in the country after

independence.

122. Pursue the matter at the earliest.

123. God made man, man made 'money 1

and 'many'.

124. Marry in haste and repent at leisure.

125. Haste makes waste make haste slowly.

126. Life is a comedy of erros.


FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
127. The first half of our life is comedy, the second half tragedy.

128. Life is a comedy when seen in close-up a 'tragedy' in the long


shot.

129. Then, what do you suggest?

130. Is it really good?

131. Is it
really worth while?

132. Is it really useful?

133. Is it genuine?

134. Keep it in your min

135. Don't expose other's misdeeds

136. You will have to hurry. Otherwise you will have to worry
(regret)

137. She is hostile to wands me

138. It is hightly impossible.

139. It is
deplorable (regrettable)

140. That's been possible.

141. That was found to be very beneficial.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
142. That is where you are mistaken.

143. This is what happens regularly. It's a routine affair.

144. This is all I know.

145. You (we) had better start early.

146. I was kept in the dark.

147. What has happened to you?

148. I am getting to it.

149. What is your object?

150. What is
your objection?

151. I don have any objection.

152. It has nothing to do with it.

153. I am a lay man. How do I know?


SSr

154. There was never a question about it

155. It was out of question.

156. I don't like such things, you know?

157. I won't tolerate her irritation.

158. It is a murky affair (deal)


FAST TRA CK ENGUSH
159. He exhibited much patience, (tolerance)

160. I profusely thank you for your help.

161. I am not coming tomorrow.

162. Please go through the contents once again

163. Do you think English is an easy subject to learn?

164. Definitely it is not an easy subject to learn.

165. He appeared as a 'saviour' (Godfather, Messaiah)

166. She appeared as an angle to him before marriage.

167. He was in a fix (dilemma)

168. The ill fated bus was involved in an accident.

169. As I was not prepared well, I did not fare well in the interview.

170. Inhibition is an hurdle for speaking in-English.

CO

171. He speaks English well (fluently)


9^oX> QQ&gp f^y
SPTJa oXJafcjat&SR^So.
c^}
Cc^^OO*)
*

172. He speaks English as well as French


^oX> S^O&o^X^5 ^&0
ro o>O-> &W3Z> o5a?>&J&Cl35S^So.
vi> -r>

173. You must not go there in any circumstance.


CO

174. He should not have behaved like that.

^tfo/p s?o&5?
^^ ^PdptfcxS
^^.
175. You shoud not have invited him

176. Sorry for the in convenience.

177. Sorry for the interruption.

O
178. Sorry for the interference.

179. Sorry to keep you waiting for long.

180. He has left for Bombay via Hyderabad by flight.

_ CO

181. Have you ever been to Bombay? (Mumbai)

182. I will be waking here for you.

183. I don't like such things you know?

184. He is not above in his deals.

185. How much is this pen?

186. How much does it cost?

187. How are you getting on with your business?

188. It adds to misery, (adds fuel to fire)

189. It looks awkward (clumsy, shabby)

190. I am awfully hungry.

191. It is no good to give vent to emotions.

,
Jt fl

3tfon stog4? &*&:PQ


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
192. Stop talking nonsense. (Rubbish)

193. I know all your misdeeds.

194. I can never tolerate such insult, (humiliation)

195. What was the Quarrel about? about a trifle?

196. Stop this chatter. We are getting bored.

197. Wrangling ensued betweent the two (couple)

198. What did they quarrel over?


c$)3 8
oD^db CS> Oo^ofibo^ !

199. She seems to be a quarrel some lady picks quarrel (brawls)


with every body.
6920 eSO^Oa ofo^Oo^C* -&OS).

200. He seems to be a gentleman.

201. Have you gone mad?

202. Yes, It was hard to believe (unbelievable)

203. I was very much impressed to hear from her.

204. It annoyed him very much her out bursts.

205. It was very foolish of him to divorce her. (his wife)

206. We were not able to finish it in time.

207. We were not able to reach there intime.


FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
208. It was most unbecoming of you to behave like that.

209. What are they arguing (quarreling) about?

210. What is he objecting to?

211. Don't stand on formalities.

212. Do you understand what I mean.

213. Have you any business with me?

214. I am a little indiposed (busy)

215. I am a little confused.

216. I regret to reject your invitation

217. I am thankful to you for your kind hospitality,

218. I am much obliged to you.

219. I am hard up these days.

220. Be polite in your refusal (manners)

221. Manners reveal character.

222. He doesn't know manners. He is a brute.

223. Have you any manners? (sense)


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
224. He faced a number of hardships boldly.

225. He over came all hurdles courageously.

226. When will you leave for Mumbai?

227. What is that I can do for you?

228. Is this the right way to the Railway station?

229. Will you have some more soup

230. She is confident of getting 1st class.

231. He is unaware of his blemishes.

232. Are you sure of coming tomorrow to college?

233. He was bent on doing it


despite nay warning

234. Are you free from debts?

205. I am; not going to attend the interview tomorrow.

206. It did not occur to me.

207. It did not strike me.

208. Then what I did, you know? perhaps you may not.

S>o
209. The fellow has not turned up till now, Good for nothing.

210. I remember having met -her once before.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
211. Can't you wait a line?

212. Don't make a big issue of it.

213. Whatever is destined, will happen.

214. No one can change one's fate (destiny)

215. 1 have never come across such an awful experiance

216. I have never tasted such a bitter experience in my life.

217. I have made much improvement.

218. I don't find my pen any where here (around)

219. You must have kept is some where you forget every thing.

220. He miserably failed in his attempt.

221. You can't avoid making mistakes. Nobody is in fallible.

222. I am not able to speak English well.

223. I can't speak English fluently.

ro

224. How are you able to come to this conclusion all of a sudden.

225. Sorry, I have taken much of your time.

226. It seems your face is


quite familiar.
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FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
227. What would you like to have? Coffee or tea or cool drinks

228. I am not used to it.

229. I could not get there in time for want of time.

c"7

230. Are you sure you have not forgotten anything?

231. By how much amount are you short?

232. I am short by ten rupees.

233. People are crazy (mad) after cricket players & film starts now
a days.

234. Where did you get this shirt from ?

235. The glory of ancient India was remarkable.

236. I went to the library to study ancient history.

237. She is a famous singer.

238. This town is famous for its beautiful buildings.

^3 Sgeao K>C5^c& ^5s5^2>e>^o R>>.

239. He is a famous painter.


o>ocoo&>5.

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240. He is a notorious criminal.

241. Forests are the hiding places for notorious deceits.


FAST TRACK ENGLISH
242. Students need access to good books.

243. There is no access to the street through that door.

244. You have no access to the collector.

245. If you want to meet the minister, you may not have access to

see him.

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246. You have to pay for excess luggage.

247. The government sanctioned excess funds for this project.

248.. We have bought a house in Guntur.


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CO

249. The house was painted by us.

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250. There is
nothing like our own home in this world.

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251. We are planning to go-to our home in summer holidays.


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252. Don't give him much money

253. She paid me the whole amount


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254. He has lost all his property


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255. I have enough money to go to the picnic


FAST TRA CK ENGLISH
256. I don't have any books on religion.

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.257. Every student must work hard.

258. Each girl must bring a rose.

259. Every one should attend the meeting.

26O. Either side may win the match.

261. Neither remark is true.

262. Ravi and Krishna are brothers

263. She is poor, but she is honesrt.

264. We were hungry, so we ate all cakes

265. Sita or Geetha is going to Guntur.

266. If you come regularly, you will get good rank.

267. Why did they come here?

268. Why did Sandhya take my pen?

269. Why did Sandhya disturb us?

270. Why did Sandhya come here?


271. Why did your brother take my pen?
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272. Why did your brother disturb us?

273. Why did your brother come here?


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274. I have two daughters and a son
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275. She has three brothers.

276. They belong to America.

277. Mr. Subba Rao owns two houses.

278. I possess a motor bike

279. This box contains many chocklates.

280. The english alphabet consists of 26 letters


26 e>
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281. We all belong to India

282. She possesses a beautiful car

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283. This book contains 250 pages.
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