PR 14 (Kelompok, Kelompok sesuai dengan pembagian, Persiapan UAS)

MS3130 Perpindahan Panas I

Kelas: Semua Kelas Tutorial
Kumpul pada Tgl:1 December 2016

Kerjakan kelima soal berikut.

1. To maximize production and minimize pumping costs, crude oil is heated to reduce
its viscosity during transportation from a production field. (a) Consider a pipe-in-
pipe configuration consisting of concentric steel tubes with an intervening insulating
material. The inner tube is used to transport warm crude oil through cold ocean
water. The inner steel pipe (ks = 35 W/m K) has an inside diameter of Di,1 = 150 mm
and wall thickness ti = 10 mm while the outer steel pipe has an inside diameter of
Di,2 = 250 mm and wall thickness to ti. Determine the maximum allowable crude oil
temperature to ensure the polyurethane foam insulation (kp = 0.075 W/m K) between
the two pipes does not exceed its maximum service temperature of Tp,max = 70oC.
The ocean water is at T,o = 5oC and provides an external convection heat transfer
coefficient of ho = 500 W/m2 K. The convection coefficient associated with the
flowing crude oil is hi = 450 W/m2 K. (b) It is proposed to enhance the performance
of the pipe-in-pipe device by replacing a thin (ta = 5 mm) section of polyurethane
located at the outside of the inner pipe with an aerogel insulation material (ka = 0.012
W/m K). Determine the maximum allowable crude oil temperature to ensure
maximum polyurethane temperatures are below Tp,max = 70oC.

2. At a particular axial station, velocity and temperature profiles for laminar flow in a
parallel plate channel have the form

With units of m/s and oC, respectively.

Determine corresponding values of the mean velocity, um, and mean (or bulk)
temperature, Tm. Plot the
velocity and temperature
distributions. Do your values of
um and Tm appear reasonable?

3. The thin sheet of silicon is

pulled from the pool of
molten material very slowly
and is subjected to an
o
ambient temperature of T= 527 C within the growth chamber. A convection
coefficient of h = 7.5 W/m2K is associated with the exposed surfaces of the silicon
sheet when it is inside the growth chamber. Calculate the maximum allowable
 velocity of the silicon sheet Vsi. The latent heat of fusion for silicon is hsf =1.8 106
J/kg. It can be assumed that the thermal energy released due to solidification is
removed by conduction along the sheet.

3. During a winter day, the window of a patio door with a height of 1.8 m and width of
1.0 m shows a frost line near its base.
The room wall and air temperatures
are 15oC. (a) Explain why the window
would show a frost layer at the base
rather than at the top. (b) Estimate the
heat loss through the window due to
free convection and radiation. Assume
the window has a uniform temperature
of 0oC and the emissivity of the glass
surface is 0.94. If the room has
electric baseboard heating, estimate
the corresponding daily cost of the
window heat loss for a utility rate of
IDR 1252.00/kW h.

4. An experimental arrangement for measuring the thermal conductivity of solid

materials involves the use of two long rods that are equivalent in every respect,
except that one is fabricated from a standard material of known thermal conductivity
kA while the other is fabricated from the material whose thermal conductivity kB is
desired. Both rods are attached at one end to a heat source of fixed temperature Tb, are
exposed to a fluid of temperature T, and are instrumented with thermocouples to
measure the temperature at a fixed distance x1 from the heat source. If the standard
material is aluminum, with kA = 200 W/m K, and measurements reveal values of TA =
75oC and TB = 60oC at x1 for Tb = 100oC and T = 25oC, what is the thermal
conductivity kB of the test material?

5. A small radiant source A1 emits diffusely with an intensity I1= 1.2 105 W/m2 sr.
The radiation detector A2 is aligned normal to the source at a distance of Lo = 0.2 m.
An opaque screen is positioned midway between A1 and A2 to prevent radiation from
the source reaching the
detector. The small
surface Am is a perfectly
diffuse mirror that
permits radiation emitted
from the source to be
reflected into the detector.
(a) Calculate the radiant
power incident on Am
due to emission from the
source A1, q1->m (W). (b)
Assuming that the radiant
power, q1->m, is perfectly
and diffusely reflected, calculate the intensity leaving Am, Im (W/m2 sr). (c)
Calculate the radiant power incident on A2 due to the reflected radiation leaving Am,
qm->2 (W).

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