4 SF6 Gas 2010 (FILEminimizer)

Timo Boettcher, CSTD-T1, 2012
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)

SF6 Gas
ABB Group
November 19, 2012 | Slide 1
SF6 - Sulphur hexafluoride
SF6 History
1900 discovered in France

1938 examined in the USA as isolating gas
1938 examined in Germany as quenching gas
1955 BBC studies over quenching
characteristics
1965 1st SF6-isolated switchgear (123 kV)
1965 1st SF6-CB
ABB Group
SF6 History
1966 1st order for BBC for 170 kV

Resolution: EBK development
1969 delivery beginning for EBK
1977 1st order for BBC for three phases
capsuled 72.5/145-kV-plant ELK-0
ABB Group
SF6 a Gas With Unusual Properties
SF6 is a non-toxic, inert, insulating and cooling gas of

high dielectric strength and thermal stability.
It is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable gas
With a molecular weight of 146.05, SF6 is about 5 times

heavier than air and one of the heaviest known gases
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Concentrations of SF6 in the air in excess of 35 Vol.-% lead

to oxygen starvation and possible suffocation.
Such high concentrations may occur in open, non

ventilated SF6 gas compartments, and occasionally at low
points of a building (e. g. in basements and cable ducts).
ABB Group
Tracer Gas
SF6 can be detected by halogen
leak detectors, and could be used as
an additive to other gases as a
tracer for leak detection
Thermal Pane Windows

Its low acoustic velocity and high-
sound absorption make it an
excellent filling gas for glass window
panes
ABB Group
Electrical and Physical Properties
p-t-diagramm of SF6
ABB Group
High dielectric strength

Breakdown
voltage at 50 Hz
and 1 bar is 2.5
to 3 times higher
than for air or
nitrogen
ETZ Supplement 3 [1966]
ABB Group

Breakdown voltage is increased
significantly at higher SF6
pressures
IEEE Trans. Pow.App. Syst.66 [1963] 357
ABB Group

Breakdown voltage of SF6
exceeds that of transformer oil
at 3 bar
Kali and Steinsalz, 3, issue 10 [1963] 319
ABB Group
Arc quenching capacity

SF6 has high arc quenching
capacity, even at low pressures
Air/SF6 mixtures produce much

higher arc quenching capacity
than air alone
Insulating Materials for Design and

Engineering Practice, N.Y. [1962], p. 116
ABB Group
SF6 Environmental aspects
SF6 in the atmosphere contributes to global warming, thus

the release of SF6 into the atmosphere must be avoided
whenever possible.
The commercially available gas service and filtering

devices allow full recycling of SF6.
ABB Group
SF6 basics of relevant environmental issues
The Kyoto Protocol
Supplementary protocol to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (aimed at
climate protection)
Conference in Kyoto (Japan) on 11.12.1997
Target levels for the emission of greenhouse gases 2008 to
2012 (minus 5.2 % compared to 1990)
Ratified by 170
countries (2007) Regulated Kyoto gases:
Carbon dioxide CO2
Methane CH4
Nitrous oxide N2O
Fluorohydrocarbons H-FKW/HFCs
Perfluorocarbons FKW/PFCs
Sulphur hexafluoride SF6
ABB Group
The greenhouse potential
Greenhouse potential GWP (examples)

Carbon dioxide CO2 1 Tetrafluorethane R-134a, HFC-134a 1 430
Methane CH4 25 Fluorohydrocarbons FKW/HFKW up to 14

400
Nitrous oxide N2O 298 Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 22 200
Greenhouse potential or CO2 equivalent

(otherwise: Global Warming Potential GWP) is a measure of how much a
specified amount of a greenhouse gas contributes to the greenhouse effect.
The reference value is carbon dioxide CO2
The GWP describes the average warming effect over a specified period
the usual observation period is 100 years
ABB Group
The greenhouse potential of SF6
GWP For the greenhouse effect, 1 kg SF6

has the same effect as 22,200 kg
Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 22 200 CO2
1 kg SF6
emissions
approx. SF6 has the highest greenhouse potential of all
120,000 km
known gases!
Comparison:
1 kg SF6 released into the atmosphere has the
same effect on the greenhouse potential as a
120,000-km journey by a medium-size car!
(CO2 emissions of approx. 185 g/km)
ABB Group
Voluntary commitment on SF6
Voluntary commitment by SF6 producers, manufacturers and

users of electrical equipment > 1kV for transmission and
distribution of electrical energy in Germany for SF6 as an
insulating and quenching gas
Manufacturers and users follow this principle:
SF6 emissions should be avoided wherever

possible.
The specific amounts of SF6 used for a particular
purpose will be kept to a minimum.
ABB Group
Voluntary commitment on SF6
Renewed in 2005 (originated 1998), obligating the

signatories to largely minimise emissions of SF6 in:
the manufacture of electrical equipment,
their commissioning and operation,
and in their reclamation,
in recycling (including re-use) and
in disposal.
Monitored annually by the Federal Ministry for the

Environment / Federal Environment Agency via the
national SF6 reporting system.
ABB Group
The European regulation on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases / F gases regulation (1)
What are fluorinated greenhouse gases?
Partially fluorinated hydrocarbons H-FKW

contain hydrogen atoms
Perfluorocarbons FKW / PFC
wholly fluorinated contain no hydrogen atoms
Sulphur hexafluoride SF6
F gases have a high greenhouse potential
>>>>>>GWP of approx. 100 to max. 22,200
Proportion of SF6 in total greenhouse potential in Europe

>>>>>however only approx. 0.05 % !
Even thought of GWP 22,200 and a retention period of

approx. 3,200 years in the atmosphere
ABB Group
The European F gases regulation (2)
Regulation (EC) no. 842/2006 of the European

Parliament and the Council of 17th May 2006 on
certain fluorinated greenhouse gases
Goal
To reduce emissions of fluorinated
greenhouse gases including SF6 and to
safeguard the environment (long-term
reduction of approx. 70 % compared to 1990)
Reason
High greenhouse potential of the F
gases
Validity
In all European Union member states
EU member states Also applies to products and services
imported into the EU
ABB Group
SF6 GAS Certificate
Personnel with such activities is required to be certified in

accordance with the EU Regulations by July 4th, 2009.
In accordance with EU Regulation No. 305/2008, the new

European legislation requires that operating companies
and manufacturers of SF6 -based electrical highvoltage
equipment >1kV employees work involving SF6-gas
recovery must have certificates.
ABB Group
SF6 - EU Regulation No. 842/2006
- Adequate training and certification of the personnel

performing certain activities specified
- Reducing both the emissions and the use of the fluorinated

gases (F-gases) referred to
- Recovering, recycling, reprocessing and destroying

the F-gases
- Labeling and disposal of products and systems containing

such F-gases
- Reporting on the use of the gases (monitoring/recording the

SF6 quantities) imported and exported into/from the European
Union, as well as on their production
- Monitoring the relevant forms of application and the bans on

the circulation of products and systems involving such gases
ABB Group
ELK-04/735
SF6 gas filling pressure SF6 gas filling

Busbar Discon. Earthing pressure CB & VT
switch, CEU & Pipes 700 kpa
500 kpa 600 kpa 101,5 psi
72,5 psi 87 psi
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)
SF6 gas filling SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

pressure CB 600 kpa
700 kpa 87 psi (ABS)
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
ELK-04
SF6 gas filling pressure SF6 gas filling

Busbar Discon. Earthing pressure CB & VT
switch & Pipes 700 kpa
600 kpa 500 kpa 101,5 psi
87 psi 72.5 psi
ABB Group
ELK-04
SF6 gas filling

SF6 gas filling pressure Busbar pressure CB & VT
Discon. Earthing Switch & Pipes
700 kpa
600 kpa 101,5 psi
87 psi
SF6 gas filling pressure

Cable End Unit HPFF
500 kpa
72,5 psi
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0) Standard Feeder
Note: SF6 gas filling SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S
Pressure at pressure CB & VT 600 kpa
20C / 68F
700 kpa 87 psi (ABS)
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)
Note: SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

Pressure at 20C/ 600 kpa
68F
87 psi (ABS)
SF6 gas filling

pressure CB & VT
700 kpa
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)

Pressure at 20C 600 kpa SF6 gas filling pressure CB & VT&CT
/ 68F
87 psi (ABS) 700 kpa
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)

Pressure at 20C 600 kpa SF6 gas filling pressure CB & VT&CT
/ 68F
87 psi (ABS) 700 kpa
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)
Note:
SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S
Pressure at
20C / 68F 600 kpa
87 psi (ABS)
SF6 gas filling pressure CB

700 kpa
101,5 psi (ABS)
ABB Group
Gashandling
SF6 Emission
SF6 Gas Handling SF6 Leackage

Losses 0,5 % / Year
long-term reduction of approx. 70 % compared to 1990
ABB Group
Gashandling
SF6 Reporting
SF6 Mass Flow Rate SF6 Scale SF6 Weight Bridge

accuracy +/- 5 g accuracy +/- 50 g for LGB - Container
To Record the evacuating of SF6-Gas
ABB Group
Gashandling
Pre-filter SF6 Reclaimer

Recover
SF6 Power Particle Filter Vacuum Pump
Equipment Refill
SF6 Vacuum
Compressor
Reuse
yes SF6 Piston
Compressor
Purity SF6 Filter SF6 Storage

check
Particle Filter Container
no
Further Treatment
ABB Group
Gashandling Installation
Gasfilling of Transport Units
All gas compartments are delivered ex works filled with N2

at a pressure of approximately 150 kPa. The exception
from this rule are the inductive voltage transformer which
will be delivered ex works filled with SF6 at a pressure of
approximately 150 kPa.
The enclosures of inductive voltage transformers may
not be opened or evacuated without the prior consent
of the manufacturer!
After the installation of the GIS, the gas compartments are
initially filled up to a pressure of 200 kPa only in order to
check for gas tightness. The GIS must not be filled with
SF6 up to its rated filling pressure before all installation
works have been completed.
ABB Group
SF6 Gashandling Installation
Evacuation of Gas Compartments filled with N 2
Equalize the pressures between the N 2 -filled gas

compartment and environment
Start the vacuum pump and evacuate hose until reached
p < 0,1 kPa in Hose
Then open valve and start evacuation of Gas-Compartment
Pump and evacuate Gas-Compartment until reached
p < 0,1 kPa
Evacuate for a minimum of two hours
Close valve and Check pressure
IF p < 0,1 kPa: OK
p > 0,1 kPa: continue evacuating for 30 to 60 min
Disconnect the running vacuum pump
OK
ABB Group
SF6 Gashandling Installation
Evacuation of Gas Compartments filled with N 2
Equalize the pressures between the N 2 -filled gas

compartment and environment
Start the vacuum pump and evacuate hose until reached
vacuum in Hose
Then open valve and start evacuation of Gas-Compartment
Pump and evacuate Gas-Compartment until reached
vacuum
Evacuate for a minimum of two hours
Close valve and Check pressure
IF vacuum: OK
NOT : continue evacuating for 30 to 60 min
Disconnect the running vacuum pump
OK
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)SF6- Gasworks
SF6 Gas Filling Pressure
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)SF6- Gasworks
SF6 Gas Filling Pressure
ABB Group
ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)SF6-Filling Pressures
SF6 Gas Filling Pressure Level 1
20C /
68F
440 kPA
63,8 psi
420 kPA
500 60,9 psi
kPa
72,5
psi
ABB Group
20C /
68F
540 kPA
600 kPA
78,3 psi
87 psi
520 kPA
75,4 psi
ABB Group
20C /
68F
700 kPA
101,5 psi 620 kPA
89,9 psi
600 kPA
87 psi
ABB Group
Waverly SF6- Logic Diagram
ABB Group
Gas Density Relay
Trafag
1 Indicator mechanism
2 Micro switch
3 Operating rod
4 Reference gas volume
5 Gas compartment
6 Metal bellows
7 Plug terminals
8 Cover for outdoor installation
ABB Group
Gas Density Relay
Trafag
2 Micro switch
3 Operating rod
5 Gas compartment
6 Metal bellows
7 Plug terminals
ABB Group
Gas Density Relay
Trafag
2 Micro switch
3 Operating rod
5 Gas compartment
6 Metal bellows
7 Plug terminals
ABB Group
Gas Density Relay
Wika
ABB Group
Gas Density Relay
ABB Group
Gas Connection
Gas Connection Malmquist for filling & measuring
ABB Group
Gas Connection
Gas Connection for measuring
ABB Group
Gas Connection
Gas Connection DILO for filling & measuring
ABB Group
Gas Connection
Gas Connection Circuit Breaker
Do not open !
ABB Group
Bursting Disk ELK-04
Bursting Disk with Filter
1 Screws
2 O-ring
3 SF6-gas moisture filter
4 Bursting disc
5 Protective cover
ABB Group
Bursting Disk ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)
ABB Group
Bursting Disk
CAUTION
Handle with care
The curved surface must not be damaged
The sealing surface must not be scratched
Do not reuse damaged bursting disks
Replace damaged bursting disks with new ones of the
same type
ABB Group
Bursting Disk
ABB Group
Checking SF6 quality
Measuring technology - effects of the parameters
Moisture / air CF4

(tetrafluoromethane)
Penetrate into the gas compartment by:
leaks manufacturing process of SF6

incomplete evacuation discharges of organic materials
errors in operation
incorrect filling of the system
Effects:
High concentrations of these foreign elements lead to a reduction of the insulating
properties of the SF6 and of the operating reliability of the switchgear.
Should discharges occur, air and / or moisture join with the gas to cause reactions
that create toxic and corrosive decomposition products.
ABB Group
Decomposition products
Nevertheless its brilliant chemical stability, SF6 is
decomposed in discharge processes such as arcs,
sparks or partial discharge activity.
The degree of decomposition of the SF6 depends
definitely on the moisture and air content.
Moisture and air act as reactants.
ABB Group
Chemical reactions of decomposition products with surfaces of

insulating materials, e.g. epoxy resin supports effect a
modification of the structure of the surface and degrade the
surface strength.
Consequently this can lead to a flashover and thus to a damage to

the system.
On metallic surfaces the decomposition products cause
corrosion of the surface and correspondingly impair the
operating reliability of the system.
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Handling of used SF6 Gas
General precautions
Respect smell warning
Forced ventilation in working area
No smoking, no eating, no open flames
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Protection of persons
Wear protective gloves and eye protection
Forced ventilation in working area
Clean hands, face etc. thoroughly with water and soap
Poisonous arc decomposition products

!Irritation of eyes, skin
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Protection of material
Remove dust with a vacuum cleaner (cyclone type)
Clean materials thoroughly with ethanol or isopropane
Dry materials
Cover open gas compartments
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Protection of material
Reclaim and store used SF6 gas
Purify used SF6 gas
Neutralise decomposition products, filters,
bag from vacuum cleaner, protective clothing etc.
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Processing of SF6 Decomposition Products
Equipment Vacuum Filter Sealable Cleaning

cleaner Container Materials
ABB Group
Neutralising SF6 decomposition products
Neutralising solution - composition
Mix 30 g sodium hydroxide and calcium

oxide (soda solution) with 1 litre water
each
Add the solvent into a plastic drum
(5 measuring spoons = 30 g)
Slowly pour in the mixture
The mixture warms up and foams!
C02 is produced in the neutralisation
process
Leave the plastic drum open for at least
24 hrs.
The solvent must cover all the material
to be neutralised
ABB Group
Neutralising SF6 decomposition products
Check the neutralisation process

using indicator paper:
The indicator paper must show neutral
(square 7 on the colour scale)
If it does not, add solvent
If there is no indicator paper on hand,
then add solvent until a reaction can no
longer be observed.
ABB Group
Labelling for road transportation
New SF6 Decomposed SF6

UN number: 1080 UN number: 3308
Classification code: 2 Classification code: 2TC
Hazard category: 2.2 Hazard category: 2.3 + 8
ABB Group
Different labels
New SF6 Decomposed SF6
ABB Group
SF6
Gasconnection for SF6
New GAS Used (DECOMPOSITION) GAS
no.: 6 no.: 8
W21.8 x 1/14 1
Different coupling thread

Different material
ABB Group
SF6
Transport of SF6
NEW GAS USED (DECOMPOSITION) GAS
SF6 re-use packaging
Different wall thicknesses and bottle couplings (type A, DIN 477)
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Safety measures for handling SF6 and its decomposition products
Leave contaminated rooms Check oxygen concentration

Wear protective cloth Avoid Contact with decomposition
products
Avoid disturbing of dust deposits Neutralize dust deposits
Thorough cleaning of eyes and skin Good ventilation
Do not eat, drink or smoke
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Protection set for decomposed SF6 gas
The combined work protection/ cleaning

set contains all materials for ensuring
optimal personal protection and
environmentally safe disposal of
decomposition products from SF6
switchgears
ABB Group
SF6 Safety
Protection set for decomposed SF6 gas
Components
- 1 x full protection breathing mask
- 2 pairs protective gloves
- 5 pairs gloves, knitted cotton
- 1 plastic drum
- 1 set dustpan with broom
- 4 refuse bags, each 120 l
- 2 rolls, wiping towels
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/content/exp - 1 dry suctioner, 220 V / 50 Hz
eriment/from-donald-duck-to-barry-white-how-
gases-change-your-voice - 10 x inlet filter for dry suctioner
- 1 kg sodium carbonate
- 1 solvent container
- 10 x spoons
- 2 x comb-filter acc.B2P2 for full protection
- breathing mask
- 1 pack indicator paper
ABB Group
SF6
Measuring of SF6 Maximum tolerable levels

in equipment
SF6-Leakage Test 0,5 % per year
SF6-Dew Point Test < -5 C at 20 C
SF6-Volume Percentage < 3 Air %
SF6-Decomposition < 100 ppmv

Product (SF4, WF6 )
ABB Group
Dew Point Measurement
Dew point
-1
-2
-3
Dew point temperature C
-4
-5 -5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Ambient temperature C
Maximum permissible dew point (measured at rated pressure)
ABB Group
Dew Point of SF6
Note:
1 ppmw = 8,13 ppmv
ppmv = parts per million by

volume
ppmw = parts per million by
weight
ABB
Dew point max.
-5C at 700 kPa
-5C at 600 kPa
ABB Group
SF6- Filling Pressure
Table of Gas pressure and Gas amount
ABB Group
SF6- Filling Pressure Mixed SS
700 kPa
Circuit Breaker
Separat CT
VTs Type ELK-04
500 kPa
BB Module ELK 04
600 kPa
VTs Type ELK-04/520 (EXK-0)
Disc. Earthing Sw Type EXK0
ABB Group
Working on barrier insulators
Due to safety reasons the following

measures must be followed while working
on open gas compartments and/or on
barrier insulators
a.) Mechanical workings on barrier

insulators fixed to one flange only
b.) Workings on open GIS gas

compartments with barrier insulators fixed
between two flanges
ABB Group
a.) Mechanical workings on barrier insulators

fixed to one flange shall only be carried out to
a max. differential pressure of 100 kPa 19.5
psi.
(This corresponds to a filling pressure of 200
kPa in the respective gas compartment and
atmospheric pressure on the outside).
max. 100 kPa

19,5 psi !
for 66 kV
and 132 kV
e.g. assembly in the factory, on-site

assembly, switchgear extensions and
installation of High Voltage Test Equipment
ABB Group
b.) Workings on open GIS gas compartments

with barrier insulators fixed between two
flanges only,shall only be carried out to a
max differential pressure of:
max.
420 kPa type ELK-04 132 kV

500 kPa type ELK-04/520 (EXK-0) 66 kV
e.g. maintenance on Circuit Breaker,

installation of high-voltage cables, installation
of Voltage Transformers
ABB Group
b.) A single-sided pressurization of the

insulators due to gas handling at not
energized modules of the GIS is only
allowed if both sides of the insulator
are covered gas tight with pressure-proof
enclosures/ covers.
max.
520 kPa type ELK-04 132 kV

600 kPa type ELK-04/520 (EXK-0) 66 kV
ABB Group

compartments with barrier insulators
fixed between two flanges only,shall
only be carried out to a max
differential pressure of:
max.
420 kPa 60,9 psi type

Big flanges (735 mm)

installation of high-voltage cables,
installation of Voltage Transformers
ABB Group

fixed between two flanges only,shall
only be carried out to a max
differential pressure of:
max.
500 kPa 72,5 psi type

small flanges (525 mm)

ABB Group
Supervision of the Pressure during Maintenance

The maintenance pressure in the affected module has to
be adjusted and supervised applying a precision
pressure gauge.
In case the pressure falls below the signal pressure 1 (see

gas scheme) measured by the gas-density relay, a
further reduction of the pressure is not admissible.
Adequate measures have to be taken in order to keep the

maintenance pressure within the limits mentioned
above. These are for example:
De-energize the relevant part of the busbar

Reschedule the maintenance work at a time with
cooler ambient temperature and / or reduced operating
current
ABB Group
Due to safety reasons the following

measures must be followed while
working on open gas compartments
and/or on barrier insulators

insulators fixed to one flange only

fixed between two flanges
ABB Group

insulators fixed to one flange only, on-
site assembly and switchgear
extensions, shall only be carried out to a
max differential pressure of 100 kPa
19,5 psi (ABS).
max. 100 kPa !

19,5 psi
e.g. assembly in the factory, on-site

assembly, switchgear extensions and
installation of High Voltage Test
Equipment
ABB Group

fixed between two flanges
max.
500 kPa (72,5 psi ABS)

ABB Group

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Timo Boettcher, CSTD-T1, 2012

Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)

1900 discovered in France

1966 1st order for BBC for 170 kV

SF6 a Gas With Unusual Properties

SF6 is a non-toxic, inert, insulating and cooling gas of

It is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable gas

With a molecular weight of 146.05, SF6 is about 5 times

Concentrations of SF6 in the air in excess of 35 Vol.-% lead

Such high concentrations may occur in open, non

Thermal Pane Windows

High dielectric strength

High dielectric strength

IEEE Trans. Pow.App. Syst.66 [1963] 357

High dielectric strength

Kali and Steinsalz, 3, issue 10 [1963] 319

Arc quenching capacity

Air/SF6 mixtures produce much

Insulating Materials for Design and

SF6 in the atmosphere contributes to global warming, thus

The commercially available gas service and filtering

Supplementary protocol to the United Nations Framework

Greenhouse potential GWP (examples)

Methane CH4 25 Fluorohydrocarbons FKW/HFKW up to 14

Nitrous oxide N2O 298 Sulphur hexafluoride SF6 22 200

Greenhouse potential or CO2 equivalent

GWP For the greenhouse effect, 1 kg SF6

Voluntary commitment by SF6 producers, manufacturers and

Manufacturers and users follow this principle:

SF6 emissions should be avoided wherever

Renewed in 2005 (originated 1998), obligating the

Monitored annually by the Federal Ministry for the

What are fluorinated greenhouse gases?

Partially fluorinated hydrocarbons H-FKW

Proportion of SF6 in total greenhouse potential in Europe

Even thought of GWP 22,200 and a retention period of

Regulation (EC) no. 842/2006 of the European

Personnel with such activities is required to be certified in

In accordance with EU Regulation No. 305/2008, the new

- Adequate training and certification of the personnel

- Reducing both the emissions and the use of the fluorinated

- Recovering, recycling, reprocessing and destroying

- Labeling and disposal of products and systems containing

- Reporting on the use of the gases (monitoring/recording the

- Monitoring the relevant forms of application and the bans on

SF6 gas filling pressure SF6 gas filling

SF6 gas filling SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

SF6 gas filling pressure SF6 gas filling

SF6 gas filling

SF6 gas filling pressure

Note: SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

SF6 gas filling

Note: SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

Note: SF6 gas filling pressure rest of S/S

SF6 gas filling pressure CB

SF6 Gas Handling SF6 Leackage

long-term reduction of approx. 70 % compared to 1990

SF6 Mass Flow Rate SF6 Scale SF6 Weight Bridge

To Record the evacuating of SF6-Gas

Pre-filter SF6 Reclaimer

Purity SF6 Filter SF6 Storage

All gas compartments are delivered ex works filled with N2

Equalize the pressures between the N 2 -filled gas

Equalize the pressures between the N 2 -filled gas