capacity enhancement

for
disaster response in India
with focus on mumbai
Dr P.M. Nair
Chair professor, TISS, Mumbai
former DGP ,NDRF &CD
nairpm@hotmail.com
 NDRF Bns & Teams Locations
7th Bn Ludhiyana
1. Srinagar 1
2. Kangra 1st Bn Guwahati
9th Bn Patna 1. Aizawl
2 1. Varanasi 2. Itanagar
8th Ghaziabad 2. Supaul
1. Delhi (CBRN) 1
2. Lucknow 2
2 3
2 2
6th Bn Vadodara 1 2
1.Gandhinagar
2. Barmer 1 1
1 1 2nd Bn Kalyani
1. Kolkata (CBRN)
5th Bn Pune 2. Siliguri
1. Bangalore 2 3. Gangtok
2 3rd Bn Mundali
2. Mumbai (CBRN) 1
1. Baleshwar

10th Bn Guntur
1 1 1. Hyderabad 2
4th Bn Arakkonam
1. Chennai 3 2.Vishakhapatanam
2. Portblair NDRF Bns
3. Kozhikode
Team Locations
 Role of NDRF

During Disaster
Specialised Response: Professional, sustained, enduring
Versatility: malleability, technology integrated, variety
Impending disaster
Proactive deployment during impending disaster situations
Preparatory assessment and preparation
Non disaster period
Acquire and continually upgrade its own training and skills
Impart basic and operational training to State Response Forces
(SDRF, Police, Civil Defence and Home Guards, Civilians)
Assist in Community Training & Preparedness
Liaison, Reconnaisance, Rehearsals and Mock Drills
Evaluation, assessment, course correction, improvement.
 NDRF: professionalism is acquired
1. Search & Rescue
INSARAG (UNOCHA) Trg. Standard
Asian disaster preparedness centre( ADPC),
Bangkok
USAID : PEER Programme
Swiss Development Corpn, Berne
Safety Solutions Inc., Florida (USA)
2. Canine
Adv. Dog Handlers Trg. SDC, Berne
3. Helislithering
IAF Base at Nahan, Guwahati, Agra & Bangalore
 NDRF: professional trgs contd
4. Under Water Rescue
Life Saving Society, Kolkata
Sea Explorer Institute, Kolkata
Naval Deep Diving Institute, Kochi
5. CBRN Emergencies
OPCW, The Hague
Singapore Civil Defence Academy
College of Military Engineering, Pune
DRDE Gwalior
INMAS, New Delhi
BARC, Mumbai
6. Medical Response
AIIMS Trauma Centre
 NDRF in
MUMBAI metropolitan region:
A case study of good practices
One Bn of NDRF (originally CRPF) located at
Sudumbre, Maharashtra: Well established
campus
Two teams of NDRF have been prepositioned
in Mumbai for tackling any disaster, since
2013 .
Mumbai Metropolitan
Region (MMR) extends
over an area of 4355 sqr.km
and comprises Municipal
Corporation of Greater
Mumbai (MCGM), Thane,
Kalyan Navi Mumbai and
Ulhansnagar, 15 Municipal
towns, 7 non municipal
urban center and 995
villages. Its Administrative
limit cover Mumbai city,
Mumbai suburban Districts
and parts of Thane and
Raigad districts.
Geography of Mumbai
Greater Mumbai is consisted originally of seven islands which were joined
together by land reclamation projects through the years,
Geography of Mumbai
The original seven islands of Bombay consisted of 22 hills. Most of them were razed to fill
in the shallows to connect the islands. The hills still standing today are:

Malabar Hill the highest point in the city area

Cumbala Hill, Antop Hill, Sewri Hill, Gilbert Hill
Worli Hill, Pali Hill, Mazgaon Hill, Sion Hill,
Mahakali Hill, Golanji Hill, Pulshachi Dongri
Salamati Hill
Powai
THREE HILL RANGES in Greater Mumbai :
Ghatkopar Hills: Runs parallel to the
Central railway Track .inhibited by slums
landslide occurs during monsoon Ghatkopar

Trombay Hills: Eastern part of the city.

hight 302 mtr(991 ft) Trombay

Powai Hills : Vihar , Tulsi Lake Present in

this hillsheight 450 mtr (1480 ft)
 disaster threats in Mumbai
Hydrological and Climatological Disaster.
Floods
Cyclones
Sea Erosions
Geological Disaster: Earthqake and Landslide
Chemical, industrial and nuclear disasters
Accidents Related disasters
Fire ,oil spills,
Major building collapses,
Festival stampede,Air ,
road and rail accidents
Biological disaster ,epidemic
and
 Vulnerability of Mumbai City
Indias financial &commercial capital .
Extreme populated & structural density.
Costal city with massive reclamation
Rainfall characteristics average 2363mm/year.
Located in seismological zone 3.
High rise buildings above 70 mtrs.
Industries dealing with hazardous material.
Strategic target in war time & for subversive
activities .
 Vulnerable mapping of Mumbai

Flooding Spot --- 266

Chronic Flooding Spots --- 55
Landslide prone Area --- 123
Slum Locality Within High tide Line --- 57
Building Vulnerable to collapse 728
 Hazard Vulnerability risk profile of
Mumbai
1. Vulnerable settlements :
More than 3000 slum settlements (2335 slum settlements
as per 1985 data)
Considered as vulnerable settlement due to their
locations and access to infrastructure.
The location includes hilltop,slopes ,nallas,low lying
areas (with tendency to flood during high
tides),costal location ,under high tension wire ,along
highways, along railway lines,within industrial zones,
along open drainage.
 Hazard Vulnerability risk profile of Mumbaicontd

2.Floods : There are a number of flooding points which

result in disruption of traffic and flooding of
settlements.
3.Fires : Mumbai has greatly diversified and practically
every type of fire risk.
Large no. of closely built old timber framed building
High rise building with inadequate fire fighting
facilities.
Small, Medium and heavy hazardous industries in sub
urban area
Wide spread dock area
Petrochemicals industries
 4.Building collapses
2013
2014
On 4 april a 7 story building
collapsed at mumbra. On 14 march a 7 story
0n 10 june a 5 story building building collapsed at
collapsed at Mahim dargah. Wakola, Santakruz.
On 22 june a 4 story building
collapsed at Dahisar thane.
On 4 july a 2 story building
collapsed at Bhiandi.
On 21 Sept. a 4 story building
collapsed at Mumbra.
On 27 Sept. a 4 story building
collapsed at Mazgaon dockyard .
 Disaster Management set up at Mumbai

It is looked after by Municipal Corporation of

Greater Mumbai(MCGM).
ADM Wing:
Municipal Commissioner Chief Disaster
Management Authority MCGM area.
Four Addl.Municipal Commissioner Disaster
management chief for Western Suburbs,
Mumbai city, Eastern Suburbs.
Disaster Management set up at Mumbai contd

23 Deputy Municipal Commissioner To look

after various Depts.
30 Asst,Commisioners Disaster Manager of
respective ward.

Elected rep wing :

City Mayor
Ward councilors
 Disaster Management at Mumbai
Responders.
Three teams NDRF(5 Bn pune) stationed at
Andheri sports complex capable to respond in
any type of man made & natural disaster.

Fire Brigade has 27 fire station with HQ at

Byculla and suburbs HQ at Marol &Andheri (E)
 Enhancing Capacity
Pre Disaster Phase Post Disaster Phase

Prevention Prompt ,Efficient, Postive,

professional response
Preparedness
Reconstruction &recovery
Capacity Building (building back better)

Community Based Disaster Technology & Skills

Management. integration
Public Awareness
Synergy of stakeholders Human touch
 Mitigation
Reconstruction Prevention

Recovery DRR Preparedness

SUSTAINABLE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

Relief and Emergency and

Rehabilitation Response
Rescue and
Humanitarian Aid
 Enhancing Capacity
Strengthen Early Warning & Detection
Data collection ,Management &mapping
Hazard Zonation Maps.
Urban flooding forecasting & modeling.
Industrial safety .
Health Safety
1.Disease Survillance system .
2.Mass casualty Management.
3. trauma life support.
 Enhancing Capacity
Communication & Information Tech.
Robust & fail proof communication system.
Use of modern technologies
(including GIS, satellite Imaging etc )
Linking up with the Expert agencies of the
Govt of India and the States
Regular data base management .
 Enhancing Capacity
Mass Sensitization and public awareness
Capacity Enhancement of different
stakeholders involved in response:
SDRF, Civil Defence, Homeguards, Fire Services,
Police, Paramilitary, Defence personnel, students,
civilians, elected reps, administrators etc
Testing Emergency Communication and Co-
ordination.
Select area of Reinforcement &improvisation
 Outreach programme of NDRF
During non disaster period
Regularly imparting training to public at
different levels: including college students,
Police ,fire ,Army, Navy ,NGOs etc
Training content and methodology oriented
and tailored according to the target audience
In 2013-14 only more than 10000 persons
have been trained on DM in Maharashtra
TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR INDIAN ARMY
TRAINING OF CBRN TEAM OF MUMBAI POLICE
TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR SRPF KARNATAKA
TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR INDIAN NAVY
TRAINING TO 1000 NSS VOLUNTEERS AT AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAHURI FROM
TRAINING FOR NSS VOLUNTEERS AT RAHURI AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY.
AVHAN with Students
 Enhancing Capacity
Regular mock exercises in co-ordination with
all the stake holders: it helps to identify the
strength and weakness of the mumbai city
disaster management plan and help to better
prepare the city future events.
synergy with other stakeholders
 a glimpse into
good practices in
disaster management
in Maharashtra
CHLORINE NEUTRALIZATION OP
24/07/09 to 25/07/09.

Chlorine cylinders at Sewerage treatment plant, Bhiwandi,

Thane District (MH)developed leak.

16 persons including 10 children and 06 adults

from slum area around plant got affected due to
first exposure of chlorine gas.

NDRF team stopped the chlorine gas leakage

by patching and dissolving the leaking chlorine
gas into a nearby pond.

Team evacuated 1600 people from the nearby

area to a safe distance.
41
42
43
44
45
CHLORINE GAS LEAKAGE AT MUMBAI PORT
On 14/07/10 one chlorine cylinder started
leaking.
113 persons from nearby area affected and
admitted to the hospital .
NDRF Team of 49 responded, started rescue at
1230 hrs on 14/07/10.
Team segregated 05 filled cylinder weighing
700 kgs with 900 ltrs of chlorine gas and started
neutralization process of these filled cylinders.
NDRF team conducted this ops 24 days.
Neutralize 105 cl and 654 others gas cylinders.
CHLORINE NEUTRALISATION

.
 Mumbra Building Collapse
Seven storey building collapses trapping more
than 130 persons on 4/4/13 at 1830 hrs
Two teams of NDRF led by the Commandant
swung into action
Continuous, hectic efforts yielded rescue of 62
trapped live victims and recovery of 72 dead
bodies
40 hours of tireless operation
 MAZGAON BUILDING COLLAPSE

Five storey building collapse at Brahmadev ,

khot marg,Dock yard,Mazgaon , Mumbai on
27/09/13 to 29/09/13

Teams of NDRF rescued 33 live victims and

extricated 60 dead bodies
 INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENT
PLACE OF DEPLOYMENT -JAPAN
DATE OF DEPLOYMENT - March /April 2011
NO OF TEAM - 01 Team
ACHIEVMENT - Team retrieved many dead bodies and
recovered 50 million yen in cash.

HANDED OVER CASH WORTH MILLIONS OF YEN TO POLICE

RECOVERY & HAND OVER OF DEAD BODY
 The strength
Sweat in peace
Mapping:
terrain mapping
Resource mapping
Human mapping
Vulnerability mapping
Gap analysis
Need analysis
Synergy with stake holders
Train together, work together
Utilization of professional skills and technology
The most important aspect, the human element: Special care of
women, children, old, infirm and other vulnerable persons
 CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT
KSARRC
Knowledge
Terrain, Human, Resource, Vulnerability
mapping
Skills
harnessing human potential
technology integration, utilisation
quality assessment, assurance
HR aspects: Human trafficking, Issues of women,
children, old, infirm and other vulnerable persons

 CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT
Attitudinal changes
Understanding human issues, traffickers
Resources
Material, Technical, ICT, Communication, survival
Research and innovation
NDRF experience in Hardwar
Co-ordination
All agencies
Challenging tasks
 Technology
High-tech
Rural & local
Innovative
Appropriate
Example: Netra
Utilization
Evaluation
Improvement
 RESPONDERS
Statutory and others
First, secondary, referral
Statutory includes police, HG, CD , Fire
services, SDRF, CAPF, NDRF
Others include public at large, esp vulnerable
persons
Local administration at village, taluk, district
 TARGET ORIENTED CAPACITY
BUILDING
Local Resources to be harnessed
Dhubri case study
Local persons know better
Supaul case study
Hence programmes to be oriented
accordingly, in content and methodology
Strength of NDRF lies in this aspect: ears to
the ground
 Challenges n way forward
Research into the issues and response, improvements
and strengthening accordingly
National Grid on disaster response created in May 2012,
but was not allowed to sustain: Need to synergize and
build a National Grid on DM, involving all statutory
responders, esp NDRF+ SDRF+ Civil Defence+ Home
Guards+ Fire services+ Local Police
National awareness and momentum on the best
responses in Prevention, Mitigation, Risk reduction, etc,
involving everybody as stakeholder and bringing in
accountability as dutyholder.
Role of media in making disaster management a habit.
Political involvement and leadership is vital.
 Compendium of best practices to be made
List of resource persons and experts in the
field
Upload into the website
Utilize their services
Annual reward for the best response in
prevention and mitigation and post care
action as well as research and innovation
thanks for your attention

Dr P.M. Nair
Chair professor, TISS, Mumbai
(former DGP of NDRF, Civil Defence, Fire
Services and Home Guards, Govt of India)
nairpm@hotmail.com