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business strategies, competitive position or other aspects of our operations or operating results. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially
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Outline
Oil Sands
Conventional
Unconventional
Final remarks
3
Water and the Petroleum Industry Conventional Resources
http://www.globalwaterintel.com/industrial-desalination-water-reuse-technologies-market-approach-12bn-2025/
5
Typical Water Sources in Conventional Oil Production
Cooling Water
Produced Water Non Fresh non fresh
Non Fresh 65% Water 47%
Water 3%
3%
Fresh Water
7%
Process
Fresh Water
25%
Ocean Cooling Water
25% fresh
25%
6
Yearly Volume Estimates Produced Water (PW)
PW beneficial reuse
Water flooding
Maintain reservoir pressure
Drilling and completion of wells
J.A. Veil, C.E.Clark, Produced water volume estimates and Management Practices, SPE Production & operations, 2011
7
Non-conventional Resources
Oil Sands
8
PW Volume Estimates for Oil Sands & Unconventional
Oil Sands
Unconventional
http://albertainnovates.ca/media/20420/sagd_technologies_ogm_lightbown.pdf
http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/uic/pdfs/hfresearchstudyfs.pdf
9
Sample PW Characteristics
Parameter Oil field(a) Gas field(b) SAGD(c) Coal bed methane field(d)
TDS, mg/l 40,000-193,000 5,000-50,000 1500-3000 3,500-10,000
TOC, mg/l ~100 100-800 300-350 ~200
Oil/Grease, mg/l 2-565(e) 6-60(e) - -
pH 7 3.8 7.9(f) 8.2
10
Historical PW Treatment
API separators
Coalescers
Hydrocyclone
Coalescence
Hydrocyclone*
* Oil and gas: Water treatment in oil and gas production - does it matters, Filtration + Separation Magazine, 2010
11
Specific Drivers for Advanced Treatment of PW
Gas/LNG Operations
Geological conditions or regulations may limit reinjection
Oil Sands
Strict water sourcing and recycling requirements
Unconventional Reservoirs
Recycling/reuse or volume reduction of PW
12
Challenges to Treat Produced Water
Emulsified oils
High Salinity
Dissolved Organics
13
Application of Desalination Technology
14
Application of Desalination Technology
15
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Qatargas
Process water generated during gas clean-up &
liquefaction
Produced water mixed with process water & injected to
disposal wells
Regulation require reduction of injection water volume for
sustainability of reservoir
Advanced water treatment technologies MBR, GAC, RO
are currently being deployed
16
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Effluent Permeate
Irrigation Boiler Feed
Process Water
(4 ML/day)
Granular
H2S Membrane Reverse
De-oiler Activated
removal Bioreactor Osmosis
Carbon
RO
Concentrate
Produced 40%
Water
Deep well
Injection
17
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
18
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Australia - APLNG
In Coal Seam Gas (CSG) production, large volume of water
are generated
19
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
20
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Evaporators*
* Evaporators Under
consideration in COP, installed
by other operators
21
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
22
Application of Desalination Technology
23
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
24
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Deoiled
produced
water
Steam
Blow down
25
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Deoiled
produced
water
Steam
26
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Evaporators - Advantages
Reduced footprint
Distillate quality water for boilers
Use of Evaporation for Heavy Oil Produced Water Treatment, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
27
Application of Desalination Technology
28
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Sulfate Removal
Seawater is used for water flooding to maintain reservoir
pressure
29
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Salinity Adjustment
Based on core studies in clay, injection of low salinity water
increases oil recovery
Low Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery Laboratory to Day One Field Implementation LoSal EOR into the Clair Ridge Project, SPE 161750
30
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
Cl2
31
Application of Desalination Technology
32
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
33
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
PW Volume Reduction/Recycle
34
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
PW Recycle Texas
Produced Water
Reaction
Clarification Filtration Frac tank Pad
tank
35
LNG Oil
Conventional Unconventional
Operations Sands
36
Application of Novel Desalination Technology
Hot
Brine
Brine
Sea water
Sea water
37
Application of Novel Desalination Technology
38
Final Remarks
Novel technologies (e.g., MD, FO, HDH, etc.) may be feasible for
niche applications
39
40