DIPLOMA IN PHYSIOTHERAPY

HDP 112
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
SEP 2016
1. Please read these instructions carefully before answering the questions. You are not allowed to open the
question paper until you are informed to.
2. Candidates are not allowed to bring into the Examination Hall/Room any reference books, dictionaries of any
kind, diagrams or pieces of paper or any written materials.

1. Sila baca arahan dengan teliti sebelum menjawab soalan. Pelajar tidak dibenarkan membuka kertas soalan sehingga
diberitahu.

2. Para pelajar tidak dibenarkan membawa masuk sebarang bentuk buku rujukan, kamus, diagram atau helaian kertas atau
bahan bertulis ke dalam Dewan/Bilik Peperiksaan.

1. This paper contains of THREE (3) sections A, B and C.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi TIGA 3) bahagian A ,B dan C.

2. Write your I/C NO. / PASSPORT NO, STUDENT ID, CLASS CODE and LECTURERS NAME in the section
provided.

Tulis NO. K/P atau NO. PASSPORT, ID PELAJAR, KOD KELAS dan NAMA PENSYARAH di dalam bahagian yang
disediakan.

3. Write the answer on the provided answering sheet. Use new page for the new question or new section.

Jawab di dalam kertas jawapan yang disediakan. Sila mulakan di muka surat baru bagi soalan atau bahagian yang berlainan.

4. Use only BLACK or BLUE PEN.

Gunakan PEN BIRU atau HITAM sahaja.

5. Attach this FRONT COVER to your answer sheet.

Kepilkan bahagian MUKA SURAT HADAPAN ini beserta dengan jawapan anda.

I/C No / PASSPORT No CLASS CODE

STUDENT ID LECTURER

-------------------------------------------------------------------- To Be Filled By the Examiner Only -----------------------------------------------------

MARKS REMARKS EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2

SECTION A 10 TOTAL (50 m)
SECTION B 20
SECTION C 20
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 NAME TOTAL (10%)
BRANCH

SECTION - A

Answer all the multiple choice questions given below: 10 x 1mark = 10 marks
Shade your answer in the shading sheet provided

1. Fill in the missing term in the following series: Left ventricle->ascending

aorta->_____ ->myocardium.

(a) Lungs
(b) Left atrium
(c) Coronary artery
(d) Pulmonary vein

2. The impulse for cardiac contraction ends at____________.

(a) SA node
(b) AV node
(c) Bundle of His
(d) Purkinje fibers

3. . What is the purpose of the little hairs inside the nose?

A To fight disease.
B They serve no purpose
C To keep dust out of the lungs
D To tickle the nose and cause sneeze

4 Area of air which is inhaled but does not take part in gas exchange is
_________
A cyanosis
B carboxia
C cyanosis
D dead space

5 Processes that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body are called

A axons.
B dendrites.
C synapses.
D myelin sheaths

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 6. Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

A. The hippocampal lobe

B. The occipital lobe
C. The frontal lobe
D. The temporal lobe

7 The neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral
nervous system are _________
A Schwann cells
B oligodendrocytes
C microglia.
D astroctyes.

8 Gaps between the myelin sheath along an axon are called:

A dendrites
B chromatophilic substance
C astrocytes
D nodes of ranvier

9 Which of the following is the largest portion of brain?

A hypothalamus
B cerebellum
C thalamus
D cerebrum

10 Which lobe is primarily responsible for somatosensation ?

A occipital lobe
B parietal lobe
C frontal lobe
D limbic lobe

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SECTION - B

Answer ALL of the following SHORT questions: 4 x 5 marks = 20 marks

1 (a) What is ECG? (2 marks)

(b) Write on normal ECG waveform. (3 marks)

2. Describe in details on cyanosis. (5 marks)

3. With the help of a labeled diagram, explain in details the different part of (5 marks)
neuron.

4. Define the following term.

a) Tidal volume
b) Inspiratory Reserve Volume
c) Expiratory reserve volume
d) Residual volume
e) Functional Residual capacity
( 5 marks)

SECTION - C

Answer ANY ONE of the following ESSAY questions: 1 x 20marks = 20 marks

1 Describe the structure of the heart under the following headings:

(a) Chambers and valves of the heart (9 marks)

(b) Layers of heart (6 marks)
(c) Coronary circulation (5 marks)

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 2
(a) Write short notes on cranial nerve. (10 marks)
(b) Briefly explain the structure and function of cerebelum with neat (10 marks)
diagram.

END OF QUESTIONS

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 KUALA LUMPUR METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
HDP 112 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2
SOLUTION

Q.No Solution SubMarks Total

marks
Question A1 (c) coronary artery 1 marks 1 marks
Question A2 (d ) Purkinje fiber 1 marks 1 marks
Question A3 (c)To keep dust out of the lungs 1 marks 1 marks
Question A4 (d) dead space 1 marks 1 marks
Question A5 (a) Axon 1marks 1 marks
Question A6 (b) occipital lobe 1 marks 1 marks
Question A7 b)oligodendrocytes. 1 marks 1 marks
Question A8 (d) Node of ranvier 1 marks 1 marks
Question A9 (b) cerebrum 1 marks 1 marks
Question A10 (b) parietal lobe 1 marks 1 marks
Question B1
Electrocardiogram: 2marks

(a) Definition:
An electrocardiogram is a non-invasive procedure for
recording of the electrical signal produced by heart
muscle fibers during each heartbeat, 5 marks
(b) ECG Normal waveform 3 marks
- P wave represent atrial depolarization.
- QRS complex represent ventricular depolarization
- T wave represent ventricular repolarization

Question B2 CYANOSIS
Cyanosis is a blue coloration of the skin and mucous
membranes due to the presence of deoxygenated
hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface.
Cyanosis is divided in to two main types
- central (around the core and lips) and 5 marks 5 marks
- peripheral ( only the extremities are effected )

Question B3 (a) 1 marks 5 marks

.

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Question B4
Tidal volume (TV)
It is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs
during quiet breathing at rest.

TV=500ml
ii) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
It is the volume of air additional to TV that can be
inspired during a maximum inspiration.

iii) Expiratory Reserve volume (EVR)

It is the volume of air additional to TV that can be
expired during a maximum expiration.

ERV=1000ml
iv) Residual volume (RV)
It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a
maximum expiration.

RV=1500ml

IRV=2500ml

Q.No. Solution SubMarks TotalMarks

(a) The heart is a hollow muscular organ in the
thoracic cavity
Question C1
Chambers of the heart: The heart has 4
chambers.
o The two chambers on the right side are
called right atrium and right ventricle
o The two chambers on the left side are
known as the left atrium and left ventricle
o The left and right atria are smaller in size,
the upper chambers of the heart. The atria
are separated by interatrial septum.
o The left and right ventricles are larger in
size, the lower chambers of the heart. The
two ventricles are separated by 9 marks
interventricular septum.

Valves of the heart: The heart has 4 valves.

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 o The opening between the right atrium and
the right ventricle is guarded by the
tricuspid valve - right atrioventricular
(AV) valve.
o The opening between the left atrium and
the left ventricle is guarded by the 20 marks
bicuspid valve -- Mitral valve - left
atrioventricular (AV) valve
o The opening between right ventricle and
pulmonary artery is guarded by the
Pulmonary valve.
o The opening between the left ventricle
and the aorta is guarded by the Aortic
valve.

(b)

Layers of the heart: The heart has 3 layers

o The innermost layer is called
endocardium
o The middle layer is made of cardiac
muscles called myocardium
o The outermost layer is called the 6 marks
pericardium
o The pericardium is divided further as the
fibrous pericardium and the serous
pericardium
o The serous pericardium is further divided
into visceral and parietal pericardium
o The pericardial fluid is present between
these two layers

(c)

Coronary circulation: The heart receives

blood supply through the right and left
coronary arteries. They are the first branches 5 marks
of aorta.
o Main branches of Right coronary
artery:
- Posterior interventricular branch
- Marginal artery
o Main branches of left coronary artery:
- Anterior interventricular branch
- Circumflex artery

Venous blood of heart is collected by the coronary

sinus. It opens directly into the right atrium.

Veins draining into coronary sinus are:

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 Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein

Question C2 Cranial nerve:

trigeminal - Facial feeling

abducent - Moves eyes
facial - Facial expression
vestibulo - cochlear Hearing/balance
glossopharyngeal - Taste/swallowing
vagus - Heart/digestive/lungs
accessory - Trapezius/sternocleidomastoid
hypoglossal - Moves tongue

Cerebellum is a mass of neural tissue , connected to

the brain stem via peduncles
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
It is separated from the cerebrum by a layer of
duramater
The cerebellum has 3 lobes and 10 lobules

Functions of the cerebellum

Fine tuning and coordination of motor
movements
Coordinates repetitive body movements
Helps in posture, balance and learning

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