EE3008 Quiz 1

(8:10-9:40pm, Feb. 21, 2013)

Question 1
Determine whether the following output signals y(t) are power-type or energy-type signals. For
energy-type signals, determine the signal energy. For power-type signals, determine the signal power.

Solution:

y (t ) Ax(t ) cos(2 f c t ) is an energy signal and its energy is E y | y (t ) |2 A2 / 2 .

(Note: Here y (t ) is a truncated sinusoidal signal which has been discussed in Tutorial 1. Please see

Q1, Tutorial 1 for details.)

t
y (t ) A cos(2 ( f c t k x( ) d )) is a power signal and its power is Py A2 / 2 .

h(t ) sinc(t / )
1
1

The transfer function of the filter H(f) can be obtained as

1
(See Q2, Tutorial 1 for details.)
As X(f)=1, we have Y(f)=H(f). Therefore, y(t) is an energy signal and its energy spectrum is

1
The energy is E y U y ( f )df 2 df .
2

1
2

Question 2
For each of the following cases, determine the carrier frequency fc and the maximum bandwidth of the
input signal x(t), such that all the frequency components of the modulated signal y(t) can pass through
a channel with the frequency range of [120 kHz, 130 kHz].

Solution:

We can easily obtain that Y ( f ) 12 ( X ( f f c ) X ( f f c )) , which is an AM-DSB-SC signal. To make

sure that all the frequency components of Y(f) pass through the channel, the carrier frequency fc should

be set at 125 kHz, and the maximum bandwidth of the input signal Bx 12 Bh 5 kHz .

e j /2 f 0
H ( f ) j / 2
e f 0

Let us first derive the Fourier spectrum of the modulated signal Y(f).

2
i) We can easily obtain the Fourier spectrum of the signal at point b as

jX ( f ) f 0
X b ( f ) X ( f )H ( f ) .
jX ( f ) f 0

ii) Because sin(2 f ct ) 1

2j ( ( f f c ) ( f f c )) , the Fourier spectrum of signal at point c is

Xc ( f ) 1
2j ( X b ( f f c ) X b ( f f c )) 12 ( X upper ( f f c ) X upper ( f f c ) X lower ( f f c ) X lower ( f f c )) ,

where Xupper(f) and Xlower(f) denote the upper-sideband and the lower-sideband of X(f), respectively.

iii) Finally, according to X a ( f ) 12 ( X ( f f c ) X ( f f c )) and Y ( f ) X a ( f ) X c ( f ) , we have

Y ( f ) X upper ( f f c ) X upper ( f f c ) .

We can see from Y(f) that it is an AM-SSB signal. To make sure that all the frequency components of
Y(f) pass through the channel, the carrier frequency fc should be set at 120 kHz, and the maximum

bandwidth of the input signal Bx Bh 10 kHz .

Question 3
An input signal x(t) is applied to an AM-DSB-C modulator shown in Fig. 3(a), and the Fourier
spectrum Y(f) of the output signal y(t) is given in Fig. 3(b).
1) Determine the modulation index, the dc offset c and the output power.
2) Specify whether the modulated signal y(t) can be properly detected by an envelope detector. If yes,
sketch and label the output waveform of the envelope detector. If no, determine the minimum dc offset
for the envelope detector to properly work.
3) If an additional carrier with frequency 1kHz and peak amplitude 2V is added to the output signal
y(t), determine the new modulation index.

Y( f )
2

-1.02 -1 -0.98 0 0.98 1 1.02 f(kHz)

Fig. 3 (a) Fig. 3 (b)

3
Solution:
Acm / 4 1
1) We can see from Fig. 3(b) that the input signal x(t) is a sinusoidal signal. According to ,
Ac / 2 2
we have m 1 . The output power is P 2 22 4 12 12 W . Moreover, we can see from Fig. 3(a)

that the scaling factor A=1. The dc offset c is then 4 V as Ac / 2 2 .

2) We can use the envelope detector because the modulation index m 1 . According to Ac(1+m)=8 V,
Ac(1-m)=0 V and fm=20 Hz, The output waveform of the envelope detector is
Output of envelope detector

0 0.05 t (s)

3) The new modulation index can be obtained as

(8 2) (0 2) 2
m .
(8 2) (0 2) 3

(See Q3, Tutorial 2 for details.)

Question 4
The output signal of an FM system is given by:
t
sFM (t ) cos[2 108 t 2000 cos(2 103 )d ] .

1) What is the peak frequency deviation?

2) What is the output power at the second sidebands?
3) What is the output power at 100 MHz and 100.0005MHz, respectively?
4) Suppose that the amplitude of the input signal is carefully increased until the output signal at
100.001MHz is zero. What is the effective bandwidth of the output signal according to Carsons
rule?
5) Suppose that the message signal is now modulated by using an AM-DSB-C system. It is observed
that the magnitude of each sideband of the AM-DSB-C signal is the same as the magnitude of the
fifth sideband of the FM signal given in 4). Moreover, the output powers at the carrier in both
systems are equal to each other. What is the modulation index of the AM system?
4
Solution:
1) The instantaneous frequency can be obtained as

1 d (t )
f (t ) 108 1000cos(2 103 t ) .
2 dt

As the carrier frequency is fc=100 MHz, the peak frequency deviation is f max | f (t ) f c | 1 kHz .
t

2) The input message signal is a sinusoidal signal with frequency fm=1 kHz. The modulation index is

then =f/fm=1. Moreover, the total power is Pt 202 / 2 200 W . The output power at the second

sidebands can be therefore obtained as 2 Pt | J 2 (1) |2 400 0.11492 5.28 W .

3) 100M=fc. The output power at 100 MHz is then given by Pt | J 0 (1) |2 200 0.76522 117.1 W .

As there is no frequency component at 100.0005M=100M+0.5x1k=fc+0.5fm, the output power at

100.0005MHz is 0.

4) 100.001M=100M+1x1k=fc+1fm. According to the table, as increases from 1, J1 ( ) first

becomes zero when 4 . Therefore, the effective bandwidth is 2( 1) f m 10 kHz .

5) According to the magnitude of each sideband of the AM-DSB-C signal is the same as the
magnitude of the fifth sideband of the FM signal given in 4), we have
Acm AFM
| J5 ( ) | ,
4 2
and according to the output powers at the carrier in both systems are equal to each other, we have
1 2 2 1 2
A c AFM | J 0 ( ) |2 .
2 2
By combining the above equations, the modulation index of AM system can be obtained as

2 | J 5 ( ) | 2 0.1321
m 0.665 .
| J 0 ( ) | 0.3971

(See Q5, Tutorial 3 for details.)