ACQUATIC SYSTEMS -presence of microorganisms (protest

protozoa and algae-)

I. AQUATIC SYSTEMS Nekton Community- organisms that
can swim against the water current
Freshwater Ecosystems
Benthic Sub Community- bottom
LIMNOLOGY the study of freshwater
dwellers
ecosystems Anaerobic Bacteria- at the bottom of
Standing Waters (lentic waters)
freshwater ecosystem, can live in
i.e. ponds and lakes (from
very-low oxygen
underground spring); it also can come Emergent Plants- plants remain
from or ground water and lignin (an
rooted sa bottom but then there are
integral part of the secondary cell walls of plants
the needs or even the parts of the
and some algae) precipitation
stems are exposed to the surface
Free Flowing Waters (lotic rivers)
(water lilies, water hyacinths)
i.e. rivers and streams
Input of these ecosystems generally
Lake Ecosystems
come from either the groundwater or
Appealing subjects for ecological
springs or precipitation
study because:
Ground water and subterranean pools
-they are self-contained ecosystems
Characteristics of Freshwater
*self-contained because isolated
Ecosystems vary depending on: from ecosystems types. Ex.
-local climate, soil, resident
Lake, their input comes from
communities
underground springs; the
Several factors that can affect the
output, walay output or it will
dynamism of freshwater bodies:
evaporate
a. Local climate
-discrete and largely isolated from
-if the geographical area is a
each other ecosystems
polar region/tundra/tropical, it
-nutrient flow into and out of a lake
can affect water volume
can often be estimated with relative
-during summer, mu dry uban
ease
river or suba and thats how
*productive lake- you just need
climate can affect the
to measure the surface area of the
dynamism of freshwater bodies
lake then identify the organism
b. Soil
-major influence only to thriving within the area
*compare it to river ecosystem
surrounding vegetation
-it can actually increase its difficult because its flowing water
*presence of the organisms
productivity
*biomass content then you can
-if walay plants sa side, taas
have the nutrient input
ang soil erosion
Lakes
c. Residing communities
-the surrounding terrestrial -are classified according to nutrient
ecosystems level and productivity
Basic needs of aquatic organisms -underground spring
-the higher nutrient content, the
(planktons)
-CO2, H2O, sunlight for photosynthesis; higher productivity (it should be in
O2 for respiration; food and mineral optimum, not maximum)
-Lake Sebu slowly becoming shallow
nutrients for energy growth and
because of anthropogenic activities
maintenance
Sub communities within (cultural)
-Productivity= effects of nutrient
freshwater body:
concentration towards primary
-PLANKTON COMMUNITY (microscopic
production
animal, plants)
 -Nutrient level= concentration of high -nutrient enrichment of aquatic
or low nutrient concentration in the systems that stimulates phytoplankton
lakes growth as a result of natural aging of
lakes
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES -As lakes fill with sediments, they
Oligotrophic Lakes steadily become more and more
Characteristics include: productive nutrient enrichment
-low nutrient level and low productivity -HUMAN THREATS
-low productivity simply means least CULTURAL EUTROPHICATION
organism can be found in the environment -the accelerated nutrient
-high dissolved oxygen levels from top enrichment of aquatic systems
to bottom lakes usually involving phosphates
-in an aquatic setting, remember and nitrates from wastes such
oxygen is also a vital gas. Atmospheric as agricultural fertilizers,
oxygen cant be directly consume by sewage discharges, industrial
aquatic organisms, thats why its called discharges, intensive animal
dissolved. So that oxygen must combined production including
first in water, in doing so, it will aquaculture
become dissolve oxygen (DO). -improper agricultural
-when it comes to productivity, its properties
clear, not turbid and can quickly dissolve - Hyacinths, nutrient
atmospheric level
-example are clear, cold, deep lakes in Turbidity, siltation
high mountains level
-Usually found where soil is poor in -nutrient level
nutrients -productivity
-typically support game fish i.e. trout -physico chemical
Eutrophic Lakes -parameters (ph level, turbidity,
*natural eutrophication process silt, temperature, conductivity,
(normal aging process, w/c the lake salinity)
become shallower because of high What are the parameters that you
deposition of silt and high nutrient and need to measure/identify for you to
productivity) assess the condition of ill health of
-high nutrient level and high Lake Ecosystem?
productivity *nutrient concentration- macro
-high nutrient input, then there would nutrients (carbon, phosphorus,
be high photosynthetic activities hydrogen) micro nutrients (calcium,
-high levels of photosynthesis in photic magnesium, potassium, cobalt,
zones (algae-microscopic organisms) mga elements)
may lead to algal bloom and *density or diversity of
as living organisms, they would organisms/productivity- what
continuously to respire(respiration, types of organisms? Density of
acquisition using oxygen), high nekton organisms and others
consumption of oxygen so there would *Physicochemical Parameters of
be decrease in O2 dying of the lake ecosystem
nekton organisms/large organisms -presence of silt/siltation level
fish kills -the turbidity (the more silted
-example are shallower, warmer, more the water becomes, the more
turbid lakes usually in low lying areas turbid it becomes)
(Laguna de bay in the Phil) -the pH level/acidity
-typically support trash fish i.e. carp -temperature
Eutrophication -salinity (the saltiness or dissolved
salt content of a body of water)
 -conductivity
-if you have these date, you can
correlate it to productivity
*cultural eutrophication
-presence of water
hyacinths/emergent plants
-water hyacinths are manually
removed
-if there are no water hyacinths,
the water circulation of water is
standing, so the silt is quickly
settled
-abundance of water hyacinths
because of high concentration of
nutrients
-high concentration of nutrient
because of high productivity of
microscopic organisms
-nutrient come from fertilizer
(improper agricultural practices)
-the establishing of house in the
lake (shits would be deposited
causing high nutrient level)
-aquaculture, fish feeds
-rate of overturns (lakes);
applicable to four seasons
countries
Streams and Rivers
-free flowing water moving in one direction
-transports run-off from an entire drainage
basin or watershed to lakes and seas
-can be found everywhere
-upstream (has cooler temp, high dissolve
oxygen=limpyo) to downstream
-starts at headwaters, which may be springs,
snowmelt or even lakes, and then travel all
the way to their mouths, and usually another
water channel or the ocean
Parts of the Stream
Headwaters/Upstream
-cooler temperature, clearer
water, high oxygen levels
Midstream
-width increases, species
diversity increase
-numerous aquatic green plants
and algae can be found
Downstream
-repository
-water becomes murky from all
the sediments picked up from
upstream, decreasing the
amount of light that can
penetrate through waterless
light, less diversity of the flora
and fauna, low oxygen levels
-catfish and carp can be found
Threats to rivers and streams
Point source pollution Non-
pointsource pollution
(Animal husbandry) (households, esp. comfort rooms
& septic tanks)
Storm water drain Nutrient
Enrichment
Differentiate streams and a river
-area
-morphometry (width,
shallowness/narrowness, length)
-percent of ponds
-streams have riffles