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Chapter (4) Load Flow Study
The Republic of Sudan
Ministry of high education
And Scientific Research
Red sea University
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Department
LOAD FLOW STUDY FOR SUDANESE

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
BY USING ETAP
Research submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for The Degree of BSc in
Electrical Power Engineering
Prepared by:
1. Haifa Ali Said Mohammed Ahmed.
2. Hamam Housien Giti Ali.
3. Mohammed Omer Onoor Muleek.
4. Mohammed Salah abbas Mohi Elden.
Supervised by:
Ustaz: Wael Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim
Sep 2016
41
)Chapter (4 Load Flow Study

}

{

: 20
Dedication
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To the utmost knowledge lighthouse, to our greatest and most honored

prophet Mohamed - our peace and grace from Allah be upon him.
To the spring that never stops giving, to our mothers
To the big hearts our dear fathers.
To those who have demonstrated to us what is the most beautiful of life

our brothers.
To the people who paved our way of science and knowledge all
our teachers distinguished.
To the taste of the most beautiful moments with them, our friends.
Acknowledgment
The acknowledgment first and last to God
- We would like to thank our supervisor Ustaz: Wael Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim for his unlimited
help and advice during the period of this research.
- Our thanks are extended to Engineers: Mohammed Musa ,Almamon Mohammed , for his great and
unlimited help.
43
)Chapter (4 Load Flow Study
- We are grateful to the Electrical Engineering department, which give us this chance.
- We are also grateful to our colleagues and to everyone, who directly or indirectly helped us to
finish this research.
, _

.
_ ETAP .
_ .
44
Abstract
Load flow study are important in power system planning, control and operation strategies, in this
research load flow study was conducted on the Sudanese transmission system to assess the current
state of the system and find weakness areas and critical voltage situation in the grid.
Was used the computer program ETAP (Electrical Transient Analysis Program) to simulation
transmission system and input values of components system.
The study Offered current status of the system and suggestions for improvement in voltage and
the results after improvement.
List of contents
NU Subjects page
Quran Verse I
Dedication II
Acknowledgment III
Abstract IV
Abstract (Arabic) V
List of content VI
List of Figures X
List of Tables XI
List of Abbreviation XII
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Back ground 1
45
1.2 Overview 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Tools 5
1.5 Thesis lay-out 5
Chapter Two
Power Substations
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Electrical Substations Equipments 6
2.2.1 Electrical Power transformers 7
2.2.2 Bus bars 7
2.2.3 Conductors 7
2.2.4 Insulators 8
2.2.5 Relays 8
2.2.6 Instrument and protection transformers 8
2.2.6.1 Current Transformer 8
2.2.6.2 Potential Transformer 9
2.2.7 Circuit Breakers 9
2.2.8 Earth Switch 9
2.2.9 Isolators or Disconnecting Switches 10
2.2.10 Surge arrestors 10
2.2.11 Capacitor banks 10
2.2.12 Static VAR Compensator 11
2.3 Electrical Substations Insulated 13
2.3.1 Introduction 12
2.3.2 Air Insulated Substations AIS 13
2.3.3 Gas Insulated Substations GIS 14
2.3.4 Limitations in AIS and GIS Demand 15
Chapter(3)
Sudan Transmission System
Introduction 16
3.1
Transmission Substations in sudan 17
3.2
3.3 flow result in Sudan Transmission Lines 24
46
Chapter (4)
Load flow study
4.1 Introduction 29
4.2 Load flow problem formulation 30
4.3.1 Gauss-Siedel (GS) 32
4.3.2 Newton-Raphson (NR) 32
4.3.3 Decoupled load flow solution 36
4.3.4 Fast decoupled load flow solution 37
4.4 Running a Load Flow Analysis 37
4.5 Load Flow Results 41

Chapter (5)
VOLTAGE REGULATION OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
5.1 Introduction 70
5.2 Voltage Control Methods 71

Excitation Control and Voltage Regulation in 72
5.2.1
generating Stations
5.2.2 Voltage Control by Tap changing in transformers 73
5.2.2.1 Off load tap changing voltage control 73
5.2.2.2 On-Load tap changing voltage control 73
5.2.3 Voltage Control by Shunt reactors 73
5.2.4 Voltage Control by Shunt Capacitors 74
5.2.5 Voltage Control by Static Shunt Compensation 74
5.2.6 Voltage Control by Synchronous Condensers 75
5.2.7 Voltage Control by Series Capacitors 75

Voltage Control by Flexible AC transmission 75
5.2.8
(FACT) devices
5.3 Estimate the difference between the actual and ideal 76
47
situation
5.3.1 Algirba Substation 76
5.3.2 Port Sudan Substation 78

Chapter (6)
Conclusion and Recommendations
6.1 Conclusions 84
6.2 Recommendations 85
Reference 86
List of Tables
Table Number Title Page

(3.1) Sudan transmission substations 18
(3.2) flow result in Sudan Transmission Lines
24
(4.1) Bus bars variables
30
(4.2) load flow results 41
(5.1) correct voltage drop in substation with
critical volt value 77
List of Figures
Figure Title Page
Picture transmission line as elementary

(5.1) 70
resistors, inductors and capacitors.
48
Algirba Substation in critical voltage value

(5.2) 76
(5.3) Algirba Substation after Corrected 77
(5.4) Port Sudan substation at no load 78
Port Sudan substation with 5 Mvar Shunt
(5.5) 79
Capacitors
(5.6) Port Sudan substation at load 10 MVA 80
Port Sudan substation at load 30 MVA and
(5.8) 81
5 MVA SVC
Port Sudan substation at load 70 MVA and
(5.10) 83
MVA SVC
Chapter (1)
Introduction
1.1 Background:
1908 Electricity industry started in Sudan 100KW steam power station direct current
generators.
1925 Establishing the Sudanese Light and Energy Company.
1956 Establishing the first steam power plant in Burri.
1962 Establishing the first hydroelectric power station in Sennar with

. 15MW capacity.
1982 Electricity and water services were separated establishing the
National Electricity Corporation.
2009 The power generation design capacity of on-grid plants reached
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1238.6 MW and the off-grid power stations reached 151.6 MW
2010 Work in the Marawi Dam was Completed which designed with
1250 MW Added to the national network to contribute 60% from
Total loads.
2016 Um-Dabakir thermal plant. Located in Kosti, 300 Km from
Khartoum with 500 MW added to the national network.
2016 Total electricity energy in national Sudanese network 3.54 GW.
1.2 Overview:
Electrical power is generated at different generating stations. These generating stations are not
necessarily situated at the load center.
During construction of generating station number of factors to be considered from economical

point of view.
These all factors may not be easily available at load center, hence generating stations are not
normally situated very nearer to load center, load center is the place where maximum power is
consumed.
Hence there must be some means by which the generated power must be transmitted to the load
center.
Electrical transmission system is the means of transmitting power from generating station to
different load centers.
Power flow studies are important in planning and designing future expansion of power systems.
The study gives steady state solutions of the voltages at all the buses, for a particular load condition.
50
Different steady state solutions can be obtained, for different operating conditions, to help in
planning, design and operation of the power system.
Power flow studies are performed to determine voltages, active and reactive power etc, at
various points in the grid for different operating conditions subject to the constraints on generator
capacities and specified net interchange between operating systems and several other restraints.
Power flow or power flow solution is essential for continuous evaluation of the performance of the
power systems so that suitable control measures can be taken in case of necessity. In practice it will
be required to carry out numerous power flow solutions under a variety of conditions.
Generally, power flow studies are limited to the transmission system, which involves bulk
power transmission. The load at the buses is assumed to be known.
Power flow studies throw light on some of the important aspects of the system operation, such
as: violation of voltage magnitudes at the buses, overloading of lines, overloading of generators,
stability margin reduction, indicated by power angle differences between buses linked by a line,
effect of contingencies like line voltages, emergency shutdown of generators, etc. power flow studies
are required for deciding the economic operation of the power system. They are also required in
transient stability studies. Hence, load-flow studies play a vital role in power system studies [1].
1.3 Objectives:
We undertake these study for various reasons, of which are the following:
o Study and analysis actual flowing power in Sudan transmission grid.

o Visualize a perfect situation of the ideal network.
o Estimate the difference between the actual and ideal situation.
o Add proposals some adjustments to improve grid.
1.4 Methodology:
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For the purpose of power flow studies a single phase representation of the power grid was used,
since the system is generally balanced. When systems had not grown to the present size, networks
were simulated on network analyzers for load flow solutions.
Network equations can be solved in a variety of ways in a systematic manner. The most popular
method is node voltage method. When nodal or bus admittances are used complex linear algebraic
simultaneous equations will be obtained in terms of nodal or bus currents.
With the advent of the modern digital computers possessing large storage and high speed the
mode of power flow studies have changed from analog to digital simulation. A large number of
algorithms are developed for digital power flow solutions. The methods basically distinguish
between themselves in the rate of convergence, storage requirement and time of computation.
ETAP (12.6) program has been used to simulate transmission system and input values of
components system to study power flow.
1.5 Thesis lay-out:
The thesis is organized as follow:
Chapter two: it contains electrical substations equipments and electrical substations Insulated.
Chapter three: it contains Sudan transmission substations and lines losses summary report.
Chapter four: it contains Introduction for load flow study, Methods and result for Sudan
transmission system.
Chapter five: it contains voltage regulation, voltage control methods, estimate the difference
between the actual and ideal situation and illustrates voltage changes with the load Port Sudan as an
example.
Chapter Six: it contains Conclusions, Recommendations and Reference.
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Chapter (2)
Power Substations
2.1 Introduction:
The power system is a constituent of power generation, transmission and distribution systems.
For all the power system operations, substations are required for their course of action. Substations
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are congregation of electrical equipment through which consumers get supply of electrical power
from generating stations.
By varying the voltage levels or frequency or any other aspects, the required electrical
quantity can be altered in substations to provide quality power to consumers.
Based on the application of substations, they are classified into different types: Generation
substation, Indoor substation, Outdoor substation, Pole mounted substation, Switching substation,
Transmission substation, Converter substation and Distribution substation. (In rare cases like wind
farm power generation system, multiple hydroelectric and thermal power plants one can observe the
collector substation which is used for transferring power from multiple turbines into one
transmission unit).
2.2 Electrical Substations Equipments:

The substation is an assembly of the following major electrical equipments:
2.2.1 Electrical Power transformers:
A static electrical machine used for transforming power from one circuit to another circuit
without changing frequency is termed as Power transformer. The transformers are generally used to
step down or step up the voltage levels of a system for transmission and generation purpose, these
transformers are classified into different types based on their design, utilization purpose, installation
methods, and so on.
2.2.2 Bus bars:
The conductor carrying current and having multiple numbers of incoming and outgoing line
connections can be called as bus bar, which is commonly used in substations. These are classified
into different types like single bus, double bus and ring bus.
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2.2.3 Conductors:
The material or object that obeys the electrical property conductance (mostly made of metals
such as aluminum and copper) and that allows the flow of electric charge is called conductor.
Conductors permit free movement of the flow of electrons through them. These are used for
the transmission of power or electrical energy from one place (generating station) to another place
(consumer point where power is consumed by the loads) through substations.
Conductors are of different types and mostly aluminum conductors are preferred in practical
power systems.
2.2.4 Insulators:
The metal which does not allow free movement of electrons or electric charge is called as an
insulator. Hence, insulators resist electricity with their high resisting property,(There are different
types of insulators such as suspension type, strain type, stray type, shackle, pin type and so on), A
few types of insulators. Insulators are used for insulation purpose while erecting electric poles with
conductors to avoid short circuit and for other insulation requirements.
2.2.5 Relays:
Relays are used for disconnecting the circuits by manual or automatic operation. Relay
consists of the coil which is excited or energized and such that making the contacts of relay closed
activates the relay to break or make the circuit connection. There are different types of relays such as
over current relays, definite time over current relays, voltage relays, auxiliary relays, reclosing
relays, solid state relays, directional relays, inverse time over current relays, numerical,
microcontroller relays multifunction , etc.
2.2.6 Instrument and protection transformers:
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The current and voltage transformers are together called as the Instrument transformers.
2.2.6.1 Current Transformer:
Current transformer is used for the measurement of the alternating current by taking samples
of the higher currents of the system. These reduced samples are in accurate proportions with the
actual high currents of the system. These are used for installation and maintenance of the current
relays in substations for protection purpose which are normally have low-current ratings 1A or 5A
for their operation.
2.2.6.2 Potential Transformer:
Potential transformer is quite similar to the current transformer, but it is used for taking
samples of high voltages of a system for providing low-voltage to the relays of protection system and
also to the low-rating meters for voltage measurement. From this low-voltage measurement, the
actual systems high voltage can be calculated without measuring high voltages directly to avoid the
cost of the measurement system.
2.2.7 Circuit Breakers:
For the protection of substation and its components from the over currents or over load due to
short circuit or any other fault the faulty section is disconnected from the healthy section either
manually or automatically. If once the fault is rectified, then again the original circuit can be rebuilt
by manually or automatically. Different types of circuit breakers are designed based on different
criteria and usage. But in general mostly used circuit breakers are Oil circuit breaker, Air circuit
breaker, SF6 circuit breaker, Vacuum Circuit Breaker.
2.2.8 Earth Switch:
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Earth Switch is used to discharge the voltage on the circuit to the earth for safety. Earth switch
is mounted on the frame of the isolators. Earth Switch is located for each incomer transmission
line and each side of the bus bar section.
2.2.9 Isolators or Disconnecting Switches:

Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch that isolates the faulty section or the section
of a conductor or a part of a circuit of substation meant for repair from a healthy section in order to
avoid occurrence of more severe faults. Hence, it is also called as a disconnector or disconnecting
switch. There are different types of isolators used for different applications such as single-break
isolator, double-break isolator, bus isolator, line isolator, etc.
2.2.10 Surge arrestors:
Surge Arresters or Lightning Arresters discharge the over voltage surges to earth and protect
the equipment insulation from switching surges and lightning surges, Surge arresters are generally
connected between phase conductor and ground. In a Substation surge arrester is located at the
starting of the substation as seen from incoming transmission lines and is the first equipment of the
substation, two type of surge arresters are available (1) Gapped Arresters (2) Gapless Zinc Oxide
arresters, Surge arresters are also provided near the transformer terminals phase to ground.
2.2.11 Capacitor banks:
A Capacitor bank is a set of many identical capacitors connected in series or parallel within
an enclosure and is used for the power factor correction and basic protection of substation, these
capacitor banks are acts as a source of reactive power, and thus, the phase difference between voltage
and current can be reduced by the capacitor banks, they will increase the ripple current capacity of
the supply. It avoids undesirable characteristics in the power system. It is the most economical
method for maintaining power factor and of correction of the power lag problems.
2.2.12. Static VAR Compensator:
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The SVC is a solid-state reactive power compensation device, an SVC can improve power
system transmission and distribution Performance in a number of ways.
Installing an SVC at one or more suitable points in the network can increase Transfer
capability and reduce losses while maintaining a Smooth voltage profile under different network
conditions.
The Dynamic stability of the grid can also be improved, and active
Power oscillations mitigated.
By developing efficient semiconductors dimensioned for high power ratings[2][3].
2.3 Electrical Substations Insulated:

Insulation plays a key role in ensuring a safe and reliable supply of electricity. Specifically,
the insulation is required in order for electrical conductors and equipment to work properly and to be
safe. Insulation can come in a number of forms:
_ Plastic (the cord for most consumer electronic devices is typically covered in plastic).
_ Air (overhead electrical wires power lines in the street).
Porcelain or glass (used to connect overhead electrical wires to poles in the street).
_ Oil (used in transformers on poles in the street).
_ Gas (used in circuit breakers in substations).
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AIS, GIS and Hybrid There are two main types of substations: Air Insulated Substations (AIS)
and Gas Insulated Substations (GIS). It is important to note that these acronyms are sometimes used
in reference to the type of equipment at a substation: Air Insulated Switchgear or Gas Insulated
Switchgear. In some cases a substation may comprise a combination of both types of switchgear.
These substations are sometimes referred to as Hybrid substations.
2.3.2 Air Insulated Substations AIS:
Substations typically use air for insulation because its simple and cheap.
The air sits between the conductor and the ground.
While overhead wires in the street must be at a certain height to meet safety standards, they
must also be at a certain height in order to work.
In Air Insulated Substation we use air between phase ground and phase-phase insulation. In
spite of poor dielectric and statutory clearness of air more space is required, and in urban populated
area resources of area is very limited.
Change in ambient temperature such as humidity level, rain, pollutants in air cause the
insulation to deteriorate. Due to all these factors we require more space for insulation of AIS in order
to meet the specified requirements.
Because of all above stated problems Air Insulated Substation more execution time which
increases its capital cost moreover its operational cost is also high due to higher frequency of
maintenance
Undertaking all these facts we need an insulation material that decreases the size of substation.
Using Gas Insulated Substation is a solution to that. We enclose our equipment in a gas filled
chamber which provides effective insulation in much less space as compared to Air Insulation
Substation.
Special gas is used as insulation material whose properties are further described in this
research. This gas is enclosed along with electric components such as Bus-Bars, circuit breakers,
switchgears etc in a chamber.
Using GIS not only decreases our size but it also has many advantages in the form of cost and
maintenance
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2.3.3 Gas Insulated Substations GIS:

Main components of Gas Insulated Substation are Bus bar, Disconnect (line or bus), Earthing
Switch, Voltage Transformer, Current Transformer, Feeder Disconnect, Feeder Earthing Switch,
Lightening or Surge Arresters, Cable termination, Control Panel.
While gas insulation is more compact and precisely engineered, it is more complex and
expensive than air insulation. In terms of safety and effectiveness, you can get by with a shorter
distance with gas than you need with air so its an option to look at if you dont have enough space.
But you need to contain the gas somehow, so it is put inside metal enclosures. All the electrical
conductors and equipment are inside the enclosure and the gas insulates it.
Main advantage of GIS over AIS is its phase to phase spacing decreases significantly. This is more
effective in urban environment where land and its size is at a premium.
Gas Insulated Substations are suitable for installation almost every part of the world for example
indoor, outdoor, over ground or under-ground. Hey can be installed near sea, in mountainous area, or
even in areas having heavy rainfall and snowfall.
In GIS all high voltage conductors are enclosed securely in a grounded metal and there is a slight
margin of fault occurrence due to short circuits
Due to the chemical composition of SF6 gas it envelops the conductors and insulation and preserves
them for long time of trouble free operation. Where as in AIS conductors, steel infrastructure gets
rusty due to moisture.
Our requirement for insulation media includes such a medium that is capable of providing
effective insulation at the expense of less space. Similarly it should be capable of providing safety to
equipment, it should be non-toxic and its atomic and molecular properties remain intact even at
higher disturbance such as high voltage.
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas completely satisfies all above mentioned specifications. This
gas is more popular for its dielectric strength. Its molecule has octahedral geometry, having Sulphur
atom in center combined with six atoms of fluorine, this gas is already been used in circuit breakers,
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switchgears and other electric equipments because it has higher dielectric property than air and
nitrogen.
2.3.4 Limitations in AIS and GIS Demand:
We need an insulation material that decreases the size of substation. Using Gas Insulated
Substation is a solution to that. We enclose our equipment in a gas filled chamber which provides
effective insulation in much less space as compared to Air Insulation Substation.
This gas is enclosed along with electric components such as Bus-Bars, circuit breakers,
switchgears etc in a chamber. Using GIS not only decreases our size but it also has many advantages
in the form of cost and maintenance.
1. Safe: Isolated gas stations are very safe and operating personnel are protected by metal casings
earthed. While workstation mode staff can affect the compartment.
2. Reliable: The complete closure of all active parts protected against deterioration of the insulation
system.
3. Space saving: SF6 circuit breakers facilities occupy only 10% of the space required for
conventional systems.
4. Economic: Initial investment required for installation, but the cost can be comparable to lower
maintenance, a reliable, and secure against conventional mail.
5. Maintenance: Careful selection of materials, good design and high quality manufacturing ensure a
long life with virtually no maintenance.
6. Underweight: Low weight thanks to its aluminum case corresponds to foundations and buildings
at low cost [4].
Chapter (3)
Sudan Transmission System
3.1 Introduction:
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Modern power systems are designed to operate efficiently to supply power on demand to various
load centers with high reliability. The generating stations are often located at distant locations for
economic, environmental and safety reasons.
For example, it may be cheaper to locate a thermal power station at pithead instead of
transporting coal to load centers.
Hydropower is generally available in remote areas. A nuclear plant may be located at a place
away from urban areas. Thus, a grid of transmission lines operating at high or extra high voltages is
required to transmit power from the generating stations to the load centers.
In addition to transmission lines that carry power from the sources to loads, modern power
systems are also highly interconnected for economic reasons.
A large majority of power transmission lines are AC lines operating at different voltages (10 kV
to 800 kV). The distribution networks generally operate below 66 kV while the bulk power is
transmitted at higher voltages.
The lines operating at different voltages are connected through transformers which operate at
high efficiency. Traditionally, AC lines have no provision for the control of power flow. The
mechanically operated circuit breakers (CB) are meant for protection against faults (caused by
flashovers due to over voltages on the lines or reduced clearances to ground). A CB is rated for a
limited number of open and close operations at a time and cannot be used for power flow control.
(Unlike a high power electronic switch such as thyristor, GTO, IGBT, IGCT, etc.). Fortunately, ac
lines have inherent power flow control as the power flow is determined by the power at the sending
end or receiving end [5].
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
3.2 Transmission Substations in Sudan:
Sudanese Transmission system transmit electrical energy from the different generation sources to
the stations of the Sudanese electricity distribution company by using 63 Substations .Table (3.1)
explain this substations.
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63
Trans-
Geographical lines formers Station
Voltage Level Related and
Nu Station Station type Location
(KV) connected station
length Capa- Insulated
(KM) City type
(MVA)
Kilo X(110) 2*9.5
Khartom
1 Afra Substation 110_33_11 Faroug(110) 2*4.5 3*100 GIS
State
Shwak(220) 2*62.54
Kassala 220_33_34.5
2 Al-girba Substation Kassala(220) 2*74.5 2*100 AIS
State 66
New halfa(220) 2*48.87
Al-Haj Sennar(110 Kv)

Al Jazeera 60
3 Abdallah Substation 110_33_11 Maringan(110kv) 2*17.5 AIS
State 35
Gadaref(220) 2*75.12
Gadaref
4 AL-Shwak Substation 220_33 2*50 AIS
State
Algirbe(220) 2*62.54
Kassala
5 Aroma Substation 220_34.5 Kassala(220) 2*43.78 2*50 AIS
State
White Nile
6 Asalaia Genaration 11_33 Rabk(33) 13 15 AIS
State
Merowi(500) 363
River Nail 500 _220 2*300
7 Atbara AIS
Substation state 220_33_11.5 2*100
Port Sudan(220) 450
Al Jazeera Kilox(110) 2*28

8 Bageri Substation 110_33_11 3*35 AIS
State Jiad(110) 2*3
Omdurman(110) 2*5.9
Khartoum 110_33_11 Mugran(110) 2*3.8
2*100 GIS
9 Banat Substation State Gamouia(110) 2*16.5
Red sea Port sudan

10 Bashayer Substation 110_6.6 23 2*30 GIS
state (110Kv)
64
319
220_33_11 Merowi(220)
139.38 AIS
11 Dongola Substation North State Eldebba(220) 2*40
2*166.5
Wawa(220)
Kabashi (220) 2*30

Grri (220) 2*60
Kilo X (220) 2*14 3*150
Khartom 220 _110
12 Eid Babiker Substation Izba (110) 2*11 2*1001 AIS
State 110_33 _11
KH North (110) 2*12 00
North
El_obaid 2*60
13 Substation Kurdofan 220_33_11 Um rwaba(220) 2*1302 AIS
2*2020
State
220_33_11 139.3
Merowi(220) 2*40 AIS
14 Eldebba Substation North State 139.38
Dongola(220)
Khartom
15 Ezba Substation 110 _ 33 _11 Eid Babiker(110) 2*11 2*100 GIS
State
Gadaraf Gadaref(110 71
16 Fao Substation 110_11 2*7.5 AIS
State Maringan(110) 71
Farouk Khartome
17 Substation 110_33_11 Afra(110) 2*4.5 2*60 AIS
State
Kabashi (220) 2*34
Khartom
18 Free zone Substation 220_33 Grri (220) 2*5 2*100 AIS
State
Shandi (220) 2*115
2*98.5
Hwatta(220)
2*75.12
Gadaref Shwak(220)
19 Gadaref Substation 220_110_33 71 3*100 AIS
State Fao(110)
71
Old Gadaref(110)
220_110 Cabal Aulia(220) 2*37

Banat(110) 2*16.5 AIS
Khartoum 2*150
20 Gamuaia Substation 110_33 Merkhiat(220) 2*36
State
2*70
Free zone(220) 2*5
21 Garri Genaration Khartom 11_220 11*50 AIS
Eid Babiker(220) 2*6012
State
Magirus(110)
2*7.8
Gamouia(220) 2*37
Geabal 220_110
22 Khartoum 2*36 AIS
Aulia Substation 110_33 2*150
State Giad(220) 2*100
Mashkou220)
New
Al Jazeera 2*84
23 Genad Substation 110_33_11 Hasahisa(110) 2*60 AIS
State
2*36
220_110
Al Jazeera Jabel Aulia 2*43 60 AIS
24 Giad Substation 110_33
State Kilo X 2*84 60
65
New Hasahisa 31
Bagir
Singa(220)
Gadaraf 2*90
25 Hwatta Substation 220_110_33 Gadaref(220) 3*100 AIS
State 2*98.5
Khartoum 3*150
110_33 Mahadia(110) 2*8
State AIS
26 Izergab Substation 33_11 KH North(110) 2*12
2*35
Merkhiat(500) 36.8
500_220_33
Khartoum Eid BabK(220) 2*30 2*300 AIS
27 Kabashi Substation
State Free zone(220) 2*34
Kassala Algirba(220) 2*74.5
28 Kassala Substation 220_33 2*100 AIS
State Aroma(220) 2*43.78
Khartom Khartom 110_33_11
29 Substation 2*3.2 2*100 AIS
east State Kuku(110)
2*150
Kuku(110) 2*3.2 2*75
Khartom
30 KH North Genaration 11_13.8_110 Eid Babiker(110) 2*12 2*41.2 AIS
State
Izergab(110) 2*12 5
Giad (220 KV)

Ead babiker
2*43
(220 KV)
2*14
Local
Khartom 220_215_110 3*100
31 Kilo X Substation mark(110)Local AIS
State 33_11 2*3 2*100
Market
2*14.6
(110 KV)
2*28
KoKu (110 Kv)
Bagir(110 KV)
Khartom
Khartom 2*3.2
32 Substation 110_33 east(110) 3*30 AIS
Kuko State 2*14.6
Kilo X (110)
Magirus(110)
110_33_11 2*7.8
Local mark Khartoum Kilo X(110) 2*100 GIS
33 Substation 2*3
State
2*11
Mugran(110) 2*100
110_33 2*7.8
Khartoum Local mark(110) AIS
34 Magirus Substation 33_11 2*39
State Cabal Aulia(110) 2*35
2*21
Merkhiat(220) 2*8 3*100
220_110
Izergab(110) 2*9.3 AIS
35 Mahadia Substation Khartoum 110_33
Omdurman(110) 2*35
State
Al Jazeera
36 Managle Substation 110_33_11 Meringan 75.6 2*35 AIS
State
Jabal Aulia
Mashkour Khartome 2*100 2*100
37 Substation 220_110_33 (220 KV) AIS
State 2*1002 2*6060
Rabak (220 KV)
66
Senar (220) 2*84
New 2*84
Hasahisa(220)
Haj
Al Jazeera 220_110_33_1 2*80
38 Merengan Substation Abdallah(110) 35 AIS
State 1 3*33
Old
hasahesa(110) 74
Managel(110) 1*74.5
36.8
Kabashi(500)
2*346
Khartoum Merowi(500) AIS
39 Merkhiat Substation 500 _220_33 2*21 3*300
State Mahadia(220)
2*36
Gamouia(220)
Dongola(220) 319
Merowi
Hydro town(220) 40 2*150
40 Merowi North State 13.8 _ 500 AIS
generation 5*282
Atbara(500) 363
Merkhiat(500) 2*346
Merowi 220_33 40
Merowi(220) AIS
town Substation North State 33_11 139.3
41 Eldebba(220) 2*40
17.5
Min Blue Nile
42 Substation 110_33_11 Sennar haydro 691 35 AIS
Alshareef State
Khartome 110_33_11 Bant(110) 2*3.8
43 Mogran Substation 100 AIS
State Magirus(110KV) 2*11
Kassala
44 New Halfa Substation 220_34.5 Algirba(220) 2*48.87 2*100 AIS
State
Marengan (220)
2*84
Old Hasahisa
New Al Jazeera 2*150
45 Substation 220 _110 _33 (110) 74 AIS
Hasahisa State 2*100
Genad (110) 2*842
110_33 Mahadia(110) 2*9.3 300

Khartoum 33_11 100 AIS
46 Omdurman Substation
State Banat(110) 2*5.9 35
2*17.5
Old Gadaref Gadaref Gadaref(110)
47 Substation 110_66_33_11 71 3*25 AIS
State
Maringan 74
Old Al Jazeera 3*35
48 Substation 110_33_11 AIS
hasahesa State
New hasahesa 74
49 Old Rabk Substation White Nile 110_33_11 Sennar(110) 96 17.5 AIS
67
State
Port Sudan 220_110 2*100

50 Red Sea State 450 AIS
Substation 110_33 Atbara(220) 2*100
Tandalti(220) 2*84
White Nile 100 2*
51 Rabk Substation 220_110_34.5 Rank(220) 2*163.3 AIS
State 2*60
Mashkour(220) 2*1002
Blue Nile Rabk(220) 2*163.3 2*60
52 Rank Substation 220_33_11 AIS
State Roseires(220) 2*172.82 2*20
Roseires Haydro Blue Nile Roseires(220) 4*2
54 11_220 2*86 AIS
haydro Genaration State
Singa(220)
2*178
Blue Nile Rank(220) 60
55 Roseires Substation 220_33 2*172.8 AIS
State Roseires
4*2
Haydro(220)
Sennar 10
Sennar White Nile
56 Substation 110_11 Haj Abdalla 60 3*10 AIS
haydro State
10
Sennar
White Nile haydro(110)
57 Sennar Genaration 11_110 2*50 3*10 AIS
State Singa(110)
96
Old rabak (110)
River Nail
Atbara(220) 2*136
58 Shandi Substation state 220 _33 1*50 AIS
Free zone(220) 2*115
Roseires(220) 2*178
White Nile Hwatta(220) 2*90
59 Singa Substation 220_110 2*100 AIS
State Sennar(220) 2*50
North
Rabk(220) 2*84 2*60
60 Tandalti Substation Kurdofan 220_33_11
Umrwaba(220kv) 2*78.3 2*20
State AIS
North
Elobaid(220) 2*130 2*60
61 Um rwaba Substation Kurdofan 220_33_11
Tandalti(220) 2*78.32 2*2020
State AIS
220_33
62 Wadi halfa Substation North State 33_11 Wawa(220) 2*204.5 2*60 AIS
220_33 Dongola(220) 2*166.5
63 Wawa Substation North State 33_11 Wadi halfa(220) 2*204.5 2*60 AIS
3.3 Power Losses in transmission lines:

Summary total lines flow result in Sudan transmission lines explain in Table number (3.2).
Higher power losses (3.95 MW) was found in Merowi _ALMerkhiat line 500 KV , 346 KM.
In an electric power transmission grid, the power loss in the transmission line is given by:
68
=3( 2 )
Chapter (4)
Load flow study
4.1 Introduction:
Load flow study is the analysis of a network under steady state operation subjected to
inequality Constraints in which the system operates. Load flow analysis is the backbone of power
69
system Analysis and design. They are necessary for planning,

operation, economic scheduling and exchange of power between utilities.
The principal information of power flow analysis is to find the magnitude and phase angle of
voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in each transmission lines.
Therefore, load flow analysis is an importance tool involving numerical analysis applied to a
power system. In this analysis, iterative techniques are used because there are no known analytical
method to solve the load flow problem. This iterative techniques includes; Gauss Siedel, Newton
Raphson, Decoupled method and Fast Decoupled method.
Load flow analysis is difficult and time consuming to perform by hand. The Decoupled load
flow method in detail; Formulation of static load flow equations and computational algorithm is
clearly discussed [6].
The objective of this chapter execution load flow study for Sudan transmission system based on
Decoupled method because his faster and use smaller memory storage that will ease the analysis of
load flow problem used ETAP software as programming.
4.3 Load flow problem formulation:

Table 4.2: bus bars variables:
Bus type Specified variables Unknown variables
Slack or reference bus Vi , i Pi , Q i

Generator or PV bus Pi , Vi Qi , i
Load or PQ bus Pi , Q i Vi , i
The complex power injected by the source into the buses
70
Power system is:

Si = Pi + JQ i
= Vi Ii*
i = 1, 2, 3..n (4.1)

= ( ) (4.2)

Si = Total Power
Pi = Active Power
Q i = Reactive Power
1
= =1 (4.3)

from equation (4.2) into (4.3)

1
= =1 ; (4.4)

i = 2, 3, , n
k=2, 3, , n
The voltages substituted in the right hand side of Eq. (4.3) are the most recently calculated (updated)
values for the corresponding buses. During each iteration voltages at buses i=1, 2, 3 n are
sequentially updated through use of Eq. (4.4) V1, the slack bus voltage being fixed is not required to
be updated. Iterations are repeated till no bus voltage magnitude changes by more than a prescribed
value during iteration. The computation process is then said to converge to a solution. If instead of
updating voltages at every step of iteration updating is carried out at the end of a complete iteration,
the process is known as the Gauss iterative method. It is much slower to converge and may
sometimes fail to do.
n
Pi JQ i = Vi k=1 Yik Vik i =1, 2 n (4.5)
71
Equating real and imaginary parts:
n
Pi (Real part) = Re Vi k=1 Yik Vik } (4.6)
n
Q i (Imaginary part) = -Im Vi k=1 Yik Vik } (4.7)
In polar form
Vi = |Vi| eJ i (4.8)
Yik = |Yik | eJ ik (4.9)
Real and reactive powers can be expressed as:
n
Pi =|Vi| k=1 |Yik ||Vik | cos( ik + k i ) i =1, 2 n (4.10)
n
Q i =|Vi| k=1 |Yik ||Vik | sin( ik + k i ) i =1, 2 n (4.11)
4.4.1 Gauss-Siedel (GS):

The Gauss-Siedel (GS) method is an iterative algorithm for solving a set of non-linear algebraic
equations To start with, a solution vector is assumed, based on guidance from practical experience in
a physical situation.
One of the equations is the used to obtain the revised value of a particular variable by substituting
in it the present values of the remaining values.
The solution vector is immediately updated in respect of these variables. The process is then
repeated for all the variables thereby completing one iteration.
The iterative process is repeated till the solution vector converges within prescribed accuracy.
The convergence is quite sensitive to the starting values assumed.
72
Fortunately, in load flow study a starting vector close to the final solution can be easily identified
with previous experience.
4.4.2 Newton-Raphson (NR) :
Newton-Raphson is an iterative method which approximates the set of non-linear simultaneous
equations to set of linear equations using Taylors series expansion and the terms are restricted to
first order approximation.
1 = 1 (1 , 2 , )
2 = 1 (1 , 2 , )
.
= (1 , 2 , )
And the initial estimate for the solution vector:
(0) (0) (0)

1 , 2 ,
Assuming 1 , 2 ,. , are the corrections required for

(0) (0) (0)
1 , 2 , respectively, so that the equation (4.4) are solved i.e.
(0) (0) (0)

= (1 + 1 , 2 + 2 , + ) (4.13)
Each equation of set can be expanded by Taylors series for a function of two or more variables. For
example, the following is obtained for the first
Equation.
(0) (0) (0)

1 = 1 (1 + 1 , 2 + 2 , + ) (4.14)
73
(0) (0) (0) 1 1 1

=1 (1 , 2 , )+ 1 + 2 + + + 1 (4.15)
1 0 2 0 0
Where 1 a function of is higher powers of 1 , 2 ,, and second, third, derivatives of the

function1 . Neglecting 1 , the linear set of equations resulting is as follows:
(0) (0) (0) 1 1 1

1 =1 (1 , 2 , )+ 1 + 2 + + (4.16)
1 0 2 0 0
(0) (0) (0) 2 21 2

2 =2 (1 , 2 , )+ 1 + 2 + + (4.17)
1 0 2 0 0
(0) (0) (0)

=1 (1 , 2 , )+ 1 + 2 + + (4.18)
1 0 2 0 0
1 1 1
1 1 ((0) (0)
1 , 2 (0)
, ) 1 0 2 0 0
1
2 2 2
((0) , (0) , (0)
) = 1 0 2 0 0 2 (4.19)
2 2 1 2
(1 , (0)
(0)
, (0)
)

2
1 0 2 0 0
Or D=JR (4.20)
Where J is the Jacobean for the functions and R is the change vector .eqn (4.19) May be
written in iterative form:
() = () () (4.21)
1
() = () () (4.22)
The new values for 1 s are calculated from:
74
(+1) () ()
= + (4.23)
The process is repeated until two successive values for each differ only by a specified tolerance. In
this process J can be evaluated in each iteration may be evaluated only once provided are
changing slowly. Because of quadratic convergence, Newtons method is mathematically superior to
Gauss-Seidel method and is less prone to divergence with ill conditioned problems.
Newton-Raphson method is more efficient and practical for large power systems. Main advantage of
this method is the number of iterations required to obtain a solution is independent of the size of the
problem and computationally it is very fast [5]. Here load flow problem is formulated in polar form.
Rewriting equations (4.10) and (4.11):
n
Pi = k=1 V Vi |Yik | cos( ik k + i ) (4.24)
n
Qi = k=1 V Vi |Yik | sin( ik k + i ) (4.25)
Equations (4.24) and (4.25) constitute a set of nonlinear algebraic equations in terms of the
independent variables, voltage magnitude in per unit and phase angles in radians; it can be easily
observed that the two equations for each load bus given by equation (4.24) and (4.25) and one
equation for each voltage controlled bus, given by equation. (4.24). Expanding equation (4.24) and
(4.25) in Taylor-series and neglecting higher-order terms. We obtain,
(
2 ()
2
) (
2 ()

)

( 2 )()
|V |2
(
2 ()
|V |
) 2
( )
2
. .

() ( ) ()
( )
( ) ( ) ( )() ( )
2 |V |2 |V |
( ) = 2 () (4.26)
2
.
( 2 )()
2
( 2 )() ( 2 )()
2 |V |2
(
|V |
) V 2
( )
()

() ()

()
.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 |V |2 |V | V
In the above equation, bus-1 is assumed to be the slack bus.

Eqn. (2.51) can be written in short form i.e.
75
P
= (4.27)
Q |V|
4.4.3 Decoupled load flow solution:

An important characteristic of any practical electric power transmissions system operating in
steady state is the strong interdependence between real powers and bus voltages angles and between
reactive powers and voltage magnitudes .This interesting property of weak coupling between P -
and Q-V variables gave the necessary motivation in developing the decoupled load flow (DLF)
method, in which P and Q-V problem are solved separately .In any conventional Newton method,
half of the elements of the Jacobean matrix represent the weak coupling referred to above, and
therefore may be ignored' Any such approximation reduces the true quadratic convergence to
geometric one, but-there are compensating computational benefits large number of decoupled
algorithms have been developed Transmission lines of power systems have a very low R/X ratio [3,
10]. For such system, real power mismatch are less sensitive to changes in the voltage magnitude
and very sensitive to changes in phase angle . Similarly, reactive power mismatch is less
sensitive to changes in angle and very much sensitive on changes in voltage magnitude. Therefore, it
is reasonable to set elements N and J of the Jacobian matrix to zero.
P 0
= (4.28)
Q 0 |V|
P=H (4.29)
Q=L |V| (4.30)
76
4.4.4 Fast Decoupled load flow solution:

Further physically justifiable simplifications may be carried out to achieve some speed
advantage without much loss in accuracy of solution using (DLF) model.
The result is a simple, faster and more reliable than the (NR) method called the fast decoupled
load flow (FDLF) method.
Sub-matrices [H] and [L] can be further simplified, using the guidelines given below to eliminate the
need for re-computing of the sub-matrices during each iteration.
i. Some terms in each element are relatively small and can be eliminated.
ii. The remaining equations consist of constant terms and one variable term.
iii. The one variable term can be moved and coupled with the change in power variable.
iv. The resultant is a Jacobean with constant term elements.
4.4 Running a Load Flow Analysis:
Introduce the Load Flow Analysis module, and provide instructions on how to run a load flow
study.
o Click the Load Flow Analysis button on the Mode toolbar to switch to Load Flow Analysis mode.
o Running a Load Flow Analysis will generate an output report. In the Study Case toolbar, you can
select the name of an existing output report to overwrite, or Prompt. If Prompt is selected,
then prior to running the Load Flow Analysis you will be prompted to enter a new report name.
77
o You can customize your study by changing the options in the Load Flow Study Case editor.
For example, different methods with maximum number of iterations and precision can be
specified; loading and generation categories can be individually selected; load diversity factors
can be applied;
Finally adjustments can be selected for different elements, transformer, reactor, overload
heater, cable, and transmission line.
o To run the load flow study, click on the Run Load Flow button
located in the Load Flow toolbar. After running the Load Flow
Analysis, the results will be displayed on the one- line, as shown
below:
78
o Output reports provide a way to view a more detailed and organized representation of the results.
Click on Report Manager in the Load Flow toolbar, and go to the Result page and select Load
Flow Report. As you can see we offer different
file formats for the output report.
79
Chapter (5)
Voltage Regulation of Transmission System
5.1 Introduction:
A transmission line which delivers electric power dissipates heat owing to the resistance of its
conductors. It acts, therefore, as a resistance which in some cases is many miles long.
The transmission line also behaves like an inductance, because each conductor is surrounded by
a magnetic field which also stretches the full length of the line.
Transmission line behaves like a capacitor, the conductor acting as its more or less widely-
separated plates.
The resistance, inductance and capacitance of a transmission line are uniformly distributed
over its length, the magnetic field around the conductors existing side by side with the electric field
created by the potential difference between them. We can picture transmission line as being made of
thousands of elementary resistors, inductors and capacitors as shown in figure (5.1).
Figure: (5.1) picture transmission line as elementary resistors
80
Voltage regulation of a transmission line is the rise in voltage at the receiving end, expressed in
percent of full-load voltage, when full load at a specified power factor is removed while the sending-
end voltage is held constant.
( )
% = 100 (1)

Where, = No load Voltage, = Full load Voltage.
5.2 Voltage Control Methods :
Voltage ratings of the various buses in the power system which includes generating station
buses, switching substation buses, receiving substation buses and distribution substation buses
should be within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical equipments.
The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and
corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation.
Voltage control methods are employed in power system to keep the voltage levels within the
desirable limits. In this partial some of the voltage control methods in power system are discussed.
Excitation control and voltage regulators at the generating stations:

Use of tap changing transformers at sending end and receiving end of the transmission lines
Switching in shunt reactors during low loads or while energizing long EHV lines
Switching in shunt capacitors during high loads or low power factor loads
use of series capacitors in long EHV transmission lines and distribution lines in case of load
fluctuations
Use of tap changing transformers in industries, substations, distribution substations
use of static shunt compensation having shunt capacitors and thyristorized control for step-less
control of reactive power
Use of synchronous condensers in receiving end substations for reactive power compensation
81
All the above methods are suitably applied at different parts of the power system to maintain
the voltage levels within the limits
5.2.1 Excitation Control and Voltage Regulation in generating Stations:
The induced emf of synchronous generator (E) depends upon the excitation current (field current).
The terminal voltage V of synchronous generators are given byV = E IX the generators have
excitation and automatic voltage regulation systems (AVR). The function of this systems are:
To control the load under steady state operating conditions for operating near steady state
stability limit
To regulate voltage under fault conditions (faults in the grid system beyond generator
protection zone)
To enable sharing of reactive power. The reactive power shared by a generator depends upon
its excitation level The terminal voltage of the synchronous generator is held within the
permissible limits by automatic voltage regulators (AVR) systems
5.2.2 Voltage Control by Tap changing in transformers:
The voltage control of transmission and distribution systems is obtained basically by tap-changing
Tap changers are either on-load or off load tap changers. By changing the turns ratio of the
transformer the voltage ratio and the secondary voltage is changed and voltage control is obtained.
Tap changing is widely used voltage control method employed at every voltage level
The voltage control of the range + 15 to -15 % can be achieved by tap changing transformers
5.2.2.1 Off load tap changing voltage control:
82
Adjustment of voltage ratio can be made by off-circuit tap changing. These adjustments are usually
for seasonal load variations of special operational requirement of local substations and adjusting the
voltage in distribution transformer at consumer end.
5.2.2.2 On-Load tap changing voltage control:
Such an arrangement of on-load tap changing is employed for changing the turn-ratio of the
transformer to regulate the system voltage while the transformer is delivering load.
5.2.3 Voltage Control by Shunt reactors:
Shunt reactors are provided at sending end and receiving end of the long EHV and UHV
transmission lines. They are switched in when the line is to be charged or during line is on low load
When the line is on no load or low load, shunt capacitance predominates and receiving end voltage is
higher than the sending end voltage. This phenomenon is called Ferranti effect.
The receiving end voltage of 400kV, 1000 km long line may be as high as 800kV. The shunt
capacitance of such lines is neutralized by switching in the shunt reactor. During high loads, the
series inductive reactance of the line produces IXL drop and the receive end voltage drops, the shunt
reactors are switched off Shunt treactors may be connected to the low voltage tertiary winding of a
transformer via a suitable circuit breaker, EHV shunt reactors may be connected to the transmission
line without any circuit breaker.
5.2.4 Voltage Control by Shunt Capacitors:
Shunt capacitors are usually switched in during high loads. Static shunt capacitors are installed
near the load terminals, in industries, substations, Most of the industrial loads (induction motors,
transformers, welding sets, furnaces) draws inductive current of poor power factor (0.3 to 0.6 lag).
The shunt capacitors provide leading VARs there by the total KVA loading of substation transformer
and the current is reduced. Thereby IXlL drop in the line is reduced and voltage regulation is
83
improved. Shunt capacitors are switched in when KVA demand on the distribution line goes up and
voltage on the bus comes down. Switching in shunt capacitor should improve the bus voltage if the
compensation is effective
5.2.5 Voltage Control by Static Shunt Compensation:
A step-less variable compensation is possible by thyristorized control of shunt capacitor and

reactors. During heavy loads, the thyristors of the capacitor control are made to conduct for longer
duration in each cycle. During low loads, the thyristors in reactor circuit are made to conduct for
longer duration in each cycle. Thus a step-less variation of shunt compensation is achieved by means
of static shut compensation
5.2.6 Voltage Control by Synchronous Condensers:
Synchronous condensers are over excited synchronous motors installed in the power system to
deliver the reactive power. These synchronous phase modifiers are located near the load improves
the voltage profile of the power system. The main advantage of synchronous phase modifiers are the
ability to deliver the reactive power can be adjusted unlike static shunt capacitors.
5.2.7 Voltage Control by Series Capacitors:
In Extra High Voltage (EHV) or Ultra High Voltage System (UHV) systems series capacitors
are connected in series with the transmission line to reduce the effect of inductive reactance XL
between the sending end and receiving end of the line. One of the major drawbacks of series
capacitors is that high over voltages are produced across the capacitor terminals under short circuit
condition. Series capacitors are usually employed for increasing the power transfer capability of the
transmission line and not for voltage regulation
5.2.8 Voltage Control by Flexible AC transmission (FACT) devices:
84
Very long high power transmission lines have high series reactance XL and shut capacitance. It
is difficult to control the voltage, power flow and stability by conventional manner. FACT devices
play key role in high power interconnected systems. In every intermediate substation in transmission
network FACT devices are installed
Controllable Series Capacitor banks

Controllable shunt compensation (SVS)
Thyristors are controlled by feedback control system. Voltage power flow and voltage angle is
controlled [7].
Note: Use some of above methods to correct voltage in substation with critical situations.
5.3Estimate the difference between the actual and ideal situation:
5.3.1 Algirba Substation:
From Table (4.2) : In actual situations found the voltage drop in algirba BB1- 33 KV is equal 5.49
%, actual voltage value is 31.383 KV in Figure (5.2).
Figure (5.2) Algirba Substation in critical voltage value
85
For ideal situations add 1 kvar Shunt Capacitors and 3.754% Tap changer to correct voltage drop in
this bus bar to under critical value (< 5%).
Figure (5.3) Algirba Substation after Corrected
Corrected the voltage drop to 3.79%
Table (5.1) correct voltage drop in substation with critical volt value
Voltage
Mag Result
Bus bar Drop Adjustment
% %
%
wak BB - 33kv 112.23 -12.23 7 MVA SVC & TAP 2.5 100.63
aia 33 kv 105.45 -5.45 8 MVA SVC & TAP 3.75 103.74
at BB 110 kv 94.88 5.22 9 MVA 95.58
OUG BB11 Kv 93.16 6.84 14 MVA 98.87
OU BB 33 Kv 93.38 6.62 14 MVA 98.41
86
BB2 33 KV 89.84 10.16 20 MVA 95.31

BB1 33 KV 94.65 5.35 7 MVA 98.64
l markBB 11 kv 91.14 8.86 20 MV 95.88
l markBB 33 kv 92.22 7.78 18 MVA 96.06
irus BB2 11Kv 93.37 1.63 12 MVA 96.95
irus BB2 33 Kv 89.1 5.9 60 MVA 96.29
Table (5.1) correct voltage drop in substation with critical volt value
Note: The precedent study for fixed load.
5.3.2 Port Sudan Substation:
From Table (4.2) : In actual situations found the voltage drop in Port Sudan BB1- 220 KV is equal
6.24 %, actual voltage value is 233.728 KV at no load in Figure (5.4).
Figure (5.4) Port Sudan substation at no load
87
For ideal situations add 5 Mvar Shunt Capacitors and 15 MVA SVC to correct voltage drop in this
bus bar to under critical value (< 5%).
Figure (5.5) Port Sudan substation with 5 Mvar Shunt Capacitors
In actual situations found the voltage drop in Port Sudan BB1- 220 KV is equal 1.96%, actual
voltage value is 224.312 KV at load 10.024 MVA .
88
Figure (5.6) Port Sudan substation at load 10 MVA
voltage value is 208.208 KV at load 30.414 MVA
89
For ideal situations add 4 Mvar Shunt Capacitors and 5 MVA SVC to correct voltage drop in this bus
bar to under critical value (< 5%).
Figure (5.8) Port Sudan

substation at load 30
MVA & 5 MVA SVC
Corrected the voltage

drop to 0.20%
voltage value is 199.628 KV at load 70.007 MVA in
90
91
For ideal situations add 5 Mvar Shunt Capacitors and 8 MVA SVC to correct voltage drop in this bus
bar to under critical value (< 5%).
Bus Voltage Generation Load

ID kV % Mag. Ang. MW Mvar MW Mvar
Figure (5.10) Port Sudan substation at load 70 MVA & 8 MVA SVC
92
4.5 Load Flow Results:
The load flow results obtained were analyzed and discussed and has been
tabulated in Table (4.2).
Table (4.2) load flow results
Load Flow XFMR

ID MW Mvar Amp %PF %Tap
Afra BB1-11 kv 11.000 99.252 -19.9 0 0 0 0 Afra BB1-110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Afra BB1-33 kv

Afra BB1-33 kv 33.000 99.282 10.1 0 0 5.184 2.481 Bus735 0.000 -0.072 1.3 0.0
Afra BB1-11 kv -5.184 -2.409 100.7 90.7
& Afra BB1-110 kv

Afra BB1-110 kv 110.000 98.369 10.5 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B1 110 KV -24.452 -13.906 150.1 86.9
FAROUG 110 Kv BB1 19.265 11.421 119.5 86.0

Afra BB2-110 kv 0.000 0.036 0.2 -0.2
Afra BB1-33 kv 5.187 2.448 30.6 90.4 -1.250

& Afra BB1-11 kv
Afra BB2-11 kv 11.000 99.238 -19.9 0 0 0 0 Afra BB2-110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Afra BB2-33 kv

Afra BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.273 10.1 0 0 5.184 2.481 Afra BB2-11 kv -5.184 -2.481 101.3 90.2
& Afra BB2-110 kv

Afra BB2-110 kv 110.000 98.369 10.5 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B2 110 KV -24.452 -13.906 150.1 86.9
FAROUG 110 Kv BB2 19.265 11.421 119.5 86.0
Afra BB1-110 kv 0.000 -0.036 0.2 -0.2

Afra BB2-33 kv 5.187 2.521 30.8 89.9 -1.250
& Afra BB2-11 kv

algirba BB1- 33 kv 34.500 94.51 -29.8 0 0 0 0 algirba BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& algirba BB1-66 kv
algirba BB1-66 kv 69.000 98.879 0.2 0 0 0 0 algirba BB2-66 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
algirba BB1- 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& algirba BB1-220 kv
algirba BB1-220 kv 220.000 101.351 0.2 0 0 0 0 new halfa BB2-220 kv 6.624 5.368 22.1 77.7
algirba BB2-220 kv -6.624 -5.368 22.1 77.7
algirba BB1-66 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 2.500

& algirba BB1- 33 kv
algirba BB2- 33 kv 34.500 94.580 -29.8 0 0 0 0 algirba BB2-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& algirba BB2-66 kv
algirba BB2-66 kv 69.000 98.879 0.2 0 0 0 0 algirba BB1-66 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
algirba BB2- 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

& algirba BB2-220 kv
algirba BB2-220 kv 220.000 101.351 0.2 0 0 0 0 alshwak BB2-220 -30.597 -10.330 83.6 94.7
kassala BB2-220 kv 17.349 -0.407 44.9 -100.0

new halfa BB1-220 kv 6.624 5.368 22.1 77.7
93
Bus Voltage Generation Load Load Flow XFMR

ID kV % Mag. Ang. MW Mvar MW Mvar ID MW Mvar Amp %PF %Tap
algirba BB1-220 kv 6.624 5.368 22.1 77.7

algirba BB2-66 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 2.500
& algirba BB2- 33 kv

alhagabdlla BB-11 kv 11.000 100.756 -29.8 0 0 0 0 alhagabdlla BB-110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& alhagabdlla BB-33 kv

alhagabdlla BB-33 kv 33.000 100.756 0.2 0 0 0 0 alhagabdlla BB-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

alhagabdlla BB-110 kv 110.000 98.517 0.2 0 0 7.751 3.741 Meringan 110 Kv BB1 -0.637 -10.067 53.7 6.3
SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv -7.114 6.326 50.7 -74.7

alhagabdlla BB-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -2.223

alshwak BB1-33 kv 34.500 113.203 0.8 0 0 0 0 alshwak TR1-220/33~3 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& alshwak BB1-220

alshwak BB1-220 220.000 101.882 0.8 0 0 0 0 alshwak BB2-220 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
alshwak BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -10.000

& alshwak TR1-220/33~3
alshwak BB2-33 kv 34.500 113.203 0.8 0 0 0 0 alshwak TR2-220/33~3 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& alshwak BB2-220
alshwak BB2-220 220.000 101.882 0.8 0 0 0 0 algirba BB2-220 kv 30.690 1.853 79.2 99.8
Gadaref 220 kv BB2 -30.690 -1.853 79.2 99.8
alshwak BB1-220 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

alshwak BB2-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -10.000
& alshwak TR2-220/33~3

aroma BB1-11 kv 11.000 99.768 -30.3 0 0 0 0 aroma BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Aroma BB1-33 kv

Aroma BB1-33 kv 34.500 99.768 -0.3 0 0 0 0 aroma BB1-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& aroma BB1-220 kv

Aroma BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 1.250

& aroma BB1-11 kv
& Aroma BB2-33 kv
Aroma BB2-33 kv 34.500 99.768 -0.3 0 0 0 0 aroma BB2-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& aroma BB2-220 kv
aroma BB2-220 kv 220.000 101.015 -0.3 0 0 0 0 kassala BB2-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 48.6
aroma BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Aroma BB2-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 1.250

& aroma BB2-11 kv
Asalaia 11 kv 11.000 104.805 -14.6 30.000 0.000 0 0 Asalaia 33 kv 30.000 0.000 1502.4 100.0
94

Asalaia 33 kv 33.000 105.523 4.9 0 0 0 0 Bus706 29.706 -5.471 500.8 -98.3

Asalaia 11 kv -29.706 5.471 500.8 -98.3
ATB AUX 1 33.000 99.162 -10.6 0 0 0 0 Atbara 500 0.000 0.000 0.0 -95.0
& Atbara BB1-220 kv
ATB AUX 2 33.000 99.164 -10.6 0 0 0 0 Atbara 500 0.000 0.000 0.0 -95.0
& Atbara BB2-220 kv
Atbara 500 500.000 104.954 21.3 0 0 0.000 137.691 Bus729 -181.942 -106.950 232.2 86.2
Atbara BB1-220 kv 90.667 -15.319 101.2 -98.6 6.250
& ATB AUX 1

Atbara BB2-220 kv 91.275 -15.422 101.8 -98.6 6.250
& ATB AUX 2

Atbara BB1-33 kv 33.000 100.709 18.4 0 0 0 0 Atbara disturb BB1-33 kv 0.000 -0.223 3.9 0.0
New 33KV switchgear BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

Atbara- TR1~3 0.000 0.223 3.9 0.0
& Atbara BB1-220 kv

Atbara BB1-220 kv 220.000 99.426 18.4 0 0 0 0 Shendi BB1 220 kv 27.311 -21.467 91.7 -78.6
Atbara BB2-220 kv 63.039 1.612 166.4 100.0

ATB AUX 1 -90.350 20.077 244.3 -97.6
& Atbara 500

Atbara BB1-33 kv 0.000 -0.223 0.6 -0.1 -1.242
& Atbara- TR1~3

Atbara BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.898 13.6 0 0 60.475 16.983 Atbara disturb BB2-33 kv 0.000 -0.219 3.8 0.0
New 33KV switchgear BB2 -0.006 -0.004 0.1 81.8

Atbara TR2~3 -60.469 -16.759 1098.9 96.4
& Atbara BB2-220 kv

Atbara BB2-220 kv 220.000 99.426 18.4 0 0 0.000 29.657 port sudan BB1 220 kv 65.834 -49.269 217.0 -80.1
Shendi BB2 220 kv 27.311 -21.467 91.7 -78.6

Atbara BB1-220 kv -63.039 -1.612 166.4 100.0
Atbara BB2-33 kv 60.851 22.479 171.2 93.8 -3.727

& Atbara TR2~3
ATB AUX 2 -90.956 20.212 245.9 -97.6

& Atbara 500
Atbara disturb BB1-33 kv 33.000 100.778 18.3 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.182 3.2 0.0
Bus682 0.000 -0.182 3.2 0.0
Atbara disturb BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.966 13.6 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB2-33 kv 0.000 0.179 3.1 0.0
Line480~ 0.000 -0.179 3.1 0.0
Bageir 11 Kv BB1 11.000 100.312 -28.9 0 0 0 0 Bageir 110 Kv BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 -99.5
& Bageir 33 Kv BB1
Bageir 11 Kv BB2 11.000 103.564 -28.4 0 0 0 0 Bageir 110 Kv BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 99.4
95

& Bageir 33 Kv BB2

Bageir 33 Kv BB1 33.000 100.541 1.3 0 0 18.033 11.051 Bageir 11 Kv BB1 -18.033 -11.051 368.0 85.3
& Bageir 110 Kv BB

Bageir 33 Kv BB2 33.000 100.696 -0.6 0 0 18.044 11.067 Bus684 0.000 -0.206 3.6 0.0
Bageir 11 Kv BB2 -18.044 -10.861 365.9 85.7

& Bageir 110 Kv BB
Bageir 110 Kv BB 110.000 97.659 4.0 0 0 0 0 Giad 110 KV -36.308 -24.503 235.4 82.9
Line145~ 0.000 -0.873 4.7 0.0
Bageir 33 Kv BB1 18.119 12.328 117.8 82.7 -6.255

& Bageir 11 Kv BB1
Bageir 33 Kv BB2 18.190 13.048 120.3 81.3 -8.758
& Bageir 11 Kv BB2
Banat 11 kv BB2 11.000 96.326 -31.8 0 0 4.924 4.811 Banat 110 kv BB2 -4.924 -4.811 375.1 71.5
& Banat 33 kv BB2
& Banat 33 kv BB1
& Banat 110 kv BB1
& Banat 110 kv BB2
Banat 110 kv BB1 110.000 89.673 0.6 0 0 0 0 Gamouia 110 kv B1 -128.153 -85.619 902.1 83.1
Mugran 110 Kv BB1 47.445 38.147 356.3 77.9
Omdurman BB2 50.994 26.478 336.3 88.7

Banat 110 kv BB2 0.000 0.000 0.0 99.7
Banat 33 kv BB1 29.713 20.995 212.9 81.7 -10.000

& Banat 11 kv BB1
Banat 110 kv BB2 110.000 89.673 0.6 0 0 0 0 Mugran 110 Kv BB2 47.445 38.147 356.3 77.9
Omdurman BB2 50.994 26.478 336.3 88.7
Gamouia 110 kv B2 -128.153 -85.619 902.1 83.1

Banat 110 kv BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 99.7
Banat 33 kv BB2 29.713 20.995 212.9 81.7 -10.000

& Banat 11 kv BB2
Bashayer 110kV BB 110.000 99.093 1.0 0 0 0 0 port sudan BB1 110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 100.0
Bashayer BB1-6.6kV 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Bashayer BB2-6.6kV 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

Bashayer BB1-6.6kV 6.600 99.093 1.0 0 0 0 0 Bashayer 110kV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Bashayer BB2-6.6kV 6.600 99.093 1.0 0 0 0 0 Bashayer 110kV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Burri SG 33 kv 33.000 99.093 4.2 0 0 0 0 KH east BB2-33 kv 0.000 0.081 1.4 0.0
Bus655 0.000 -0.020 0.4 0.0
96
97

Dongola BB2- 220 kv 220.000 106.641 20.1 0 0 0 0 ElDebba BB1- 220 kv -7.269 6.037 23.3 -76.9
Dongola BB1- 220 kv 220.000 106.641 20.1 0 0 0 0 Dongola BB1- 220 kv -5.776 -13.811 36.8 38.6
Dongola BB2 33 kv 13.044 7.773 37.4 85.9 3.750

Dongola BB2 33 kv 33.000 99.862 17.6 0 0 25.986 13.981
& Dongola TR2~3
Eid Babikir B1-11 KV 11.000 99.461 -21.2 0 0 6.186 2.983 Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV -6.186 -2.983 362.4 90.1
& Eid Babikir B1-33 KV
Eid Babikir B1-33 KV 33.000 99.833 9.2 0 0 14.989 6.987 Eid Babikir B1-11 KV -14.989 -6.987 289.8 90.6
& Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV
Eid Babikir B1 220 KV 220.000 95.718 13.8 0 0 0 0 Garri -128.867 -48.414 377.4 93.6
Kabashi 220 BB1 -148.748 -39.565 422.0 96.6
Kilo X B1 220 KV 225.785 46.707 632.1 97.9

Eid BabK 239 34.553 27.514 121.1 78.2
Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV 17.277 13.757 60.6 78.2

Eid Babikir B2-11 KV 11.000 99.314 -21.2 0 0 6.182 2.979 Eid Babikir B2-110 KV -6.182 -2.979 362.7 90.1

Eid Babikir B2-33 KV 33.000 99.697 9.2 0 0 14.981 7.974 Eid Babikir B2-11 KV -14.981 -7.974 297.8 88.3

Eid Babikir B2-110 KV 110.000 99.101 10.8 0 0 0 0 Khartoum North -7.278 3.419 42.6 -90.5
EZBA BB2-110 kv 37.704 22.144 231.6 86.2

Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV 17.221 11.779 110.5 82.5
Bus240 -34.433 -24.571 224.0 81.4

& Eid BabK 235
Bus241 -34.433 -24.571 224.0 81.4
& Eid BabK 237
Eid Babikir B2-33 KV 21.219 11.800 128.6 87.4 -2.329
Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV 220.000 95.718 13.8 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B1 220 KV 225.785 46.707 632.1 97.9
Garri -128.867 -48.414 377.4 93.6
Kabashi 220 BB2 -148.748 -39.565 422.0 96.6

Eid BabK 235 34.553 27.514 121.1 78.2
Eid BabK 237 34.553 27.514 121.1 78.2

Eid Babikir B1 220 KV -17.277 -13.757 60.6 78.2
Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV 110.000 99.101 10.8 0 0 0 0 Khartoum North -7.278 3.419 42.6 -90.5
EZBA BB1-110 kv 37.704 22.144 231.6 86.2
Eid Babikir B2-110 KV -17.221 -11.779 110.5 82.5

Bus242 -34.433 -24.571 224.0 81.4
& Eid BabK 239

Eid Babikir B1-33 KV 21.229 10.787 126.1 89.2 -2.329
98

Eid BabK 235 215.000 93.299 12.0 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV -34.511 -25.740 123.9 80.2
Eid Babikir B2-110 KV 34.511 25.740 123.9 80.2 -7.500
& Bus240
Eid BabK 237 215.000 93.299 12.0 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV -34.511 -25.740 123.9 80.2
Eid Babikir B2-110 KV 34.511 25.740 123.9 80.2 -7.500

& Bus241
Eid BabK 239 215.000 93.299 12.0 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B1 220 KV -34.511 -25.740 123.9 80.2
Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV 34.511 25.740 123.9 80.2 -7.500
& Bus242
El-Obeid B1- 11 kv 11.500 104.590 -27.3 0 0 0 0 El-Obeid B1- 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
El-Obeid B1- 33 kv 34.500 100.043 2.7 0 0 0 0 El-Obeid B1- 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
El-Obeid B2-33 kv 11.501 13.326 294.5 65.3
Bus205 -11.501 -13.326 294.5 65.3

& El-Obeid B1- 220 kv
El-Obeid B1- 220 kv 220.000 96.709 3.9 0 0 0 0 El-Obeid B2- 220 kv -11.546 -13.995 49.2 63.6
El-Obeid B1- 33 kv 11.546 13.995 49.2 63.6 -6.211
& Bus205
El-Obeid B2- 11 kv 11.500 104.590 -27.3 0 0 0 0 El-Obeid B2-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
El-Obeid B2-33 kv 34.500 100.043 2.7 0 0 23.009 26.670 El-Obeid B2- 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
El-Obeid B1- 33 kv -11.501 -13.326 294.5 65.3
Bus202 -11.501 -13.326 294.5 65.3

& El-Obeid B2- 220 kv
El-Obeid B2- 220 kv 220.000 96.709 3.9 0 0 0 0 UM RWABA BB2-220 kv -23.092 -27.990 98.5 63.6
El-Obeid B1- 220 kv 11.546 13.995 49.2 63.6
El-Obeid B2-33 kv 11.546 13.995 49.2 63.6 -6.211

& Bus202
ElDebba BB1- 33 kv 33.000 99.453 20.8 0 0 0 0 ElDebba -TR1~3 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& ElDebba BB1- 220 kv
ElDebba BB1- 220 kv 220.000 104.425 20.8 0 0 0 0 Dongola BB2- 220 kv 7.370 -36.381 93.3 -19.9
ElDebba BB2- 220 kv -7.370 36.381 93.3 -19.9
ElDebba BB1- 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 5.000

& ElDebba -TR1~3
ElDebba BB2- 33 kv 33.000 99.746 17.7 0 0 15.983 7.979 Bus761 0.000 -0.049 0.9 0.0
ElDebba-TR2~3 -15.983 -7.930 312.9 89.6
& ElDebba BB2- 220 kv

ElDebba BB2- 220 kv 220.000 104.425 20.8 0 0 0 0 Merowe town BB1- 220 -23.430 27.302 90.4 -65.1
ElDebba BB1- 220 kv 7.370 -36.381 93.3 -19.9

ElDebba BB2- 33 kv 16.059 9.079 46.4 87.1 1.250
& ElDebba-TR2~3
99

EZBA BB1-33 kv 33.000 99.765 8.3 0 0 37.461 20.347 Bus521 -37.461 -20.347 747.6 87.9
& EZBA BB1-110 kv
EZBA BB1-110 kv 110.000 98.319 10.3 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV -37.584 -22.198 233.0 86.1
EZBA BB2-110 kv 0.000 0.001 0.0 -17.2
EZBA BB1-33 kv 37.585 22.197 233.0 86.1 -3.750

& Bus521
EZBA BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.760 8.2 0 0 37.461 20.346 Bus520 -37.461 -20.346 747.6 87.9
& EZBA BB2-110 kv
EZBA BB2-110 kv 110.000 98.319 10.3 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2-110 KV -37.584 -22.198 233.0 86.1
EZBA BB1-110 kv 0.000 -0.001 0.0 -17.2
EZBA BB2-33 kv 37.584 22.199 233.0 86.1 -3.750

& Bus520
FAO BB 11 kv 11.000 99.030 -29.9 0 0 0 0 FAO BB 110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
FAO BB 110 kv 110.000 99.030 0.1 0 0 4.979 0.990 Meringan 110 Kv BB1 0.218 -4.329 23.0 -5.0
Gadaref 110 kv BB1 -5.197 3.340 32.7 -84.1

FAO BB 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
FAO new BB 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -5.580

FAO new BB 11 kv 11.000 100.115 -29.9 0 0 0 0 FAO BB 110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
FAROUG 11 Kv BB1 11.000 89.362 -23.5 0 0 4.779 3.573 FAROUG 110 Kv BB1 -4.779 -3.573 350.5 80.1
& FAROUG 33 Kv BB1
FAROUG 11 Kv BB2 11.000 89.371 -23.5 0 0 4.780 3.574 FAROUG 110 Kv BB2 -4.780 -3.574 350.5 80.1
& FAROUG 33 Kv BB2
FAROUG 33 Kv BB1 33.000 89.638 6.6 0 0 14.356 6.273 FAROUG 11 Kv BB1 -14.356 -6.273 305.8 91.6
& FAROUG 110 Kv BB1
FAROUG 33 Kv BB2 33.000 89.656 6.6 0 0 14.357 6.274 FAROUG 11 Kv BB2 -14.357 -6.274 305.7 91.6
& FAROUG 110 Kv BB2
FAROUG 110 Kv BB1 110.000 98.203 10.4 0 0 0 0 Afra BB1-110 kv -19.252 -11.585 120.1 85.7
FAROUG 110 Kv BB2 0.000 -0.003 0.0 -15.8
FAROUG 33 Kv BB1 19.252 11.588 120.1 85.7 5.000

& FAROUG 11 Kv BB1
FAROUG 110 Kv BB2 110.000 98.203 10.4 0 0 0 0 Afra BB2-110 kv -19.252 -11.585 120.1 85.7
FAROUG 110 Kv BB1 0.000 0.003 0.0 -15.8
FAROUG 33 Kv BB2 19.252 11.582 120.1 85.7 5.000

& FAROUG 11 Kv BB2
Free Zone B1- 220 KV 220.000 98.512 16.4 0 0 0 0 Shendi BB2 220 kv -15.688 -22.921 74.0 56.5
Garri -73.067 -20.406 202.1 96.3
Kabashi 220 BB1 86.115 42.761 256.1 89.6

Free Zone B2- 220 KV 2.641 0.566 7.2 97.8
Free Zone B2- 220 KV 220.000 98.512 16.4 0 0 0 0 Shendi BB1 220 kv -15.688 -22.921 74.0 56.5
100

Garri -73.067 -20.406 202.1 96.3

Kabashi 220 BB2 86.115 42.761 256.1 89.6
Free zone-B2 5.281 1.133 14.4 97.8 3.750

Free Zone B1- 220 KV -2.641 -0.566 7.2 97.8
Free zone-B1 33.000 99.081 -14.1 0 0 5.280 1.090 Free zone-B2 -5.280 -1.090 95.2 97.9
Free zone-B2 33.000 99.081 -14.1 0 0 0 0 Free Zone B2- 220 KV -5.280 -1.090 95.2 97.9
Free zone-B1 5.280 1.090 95.2 97.9

Gadaref 33 kv-BB1 33.000 97.873 -28.7 0 0 5.451 6.846 Gadaref 220 kv BB1 -5.451 -6.846 156.4 62.3
& Gadaref 110 kv BB1

Gadaref 33 kv-BB2 33.000 97.875 -28.7 0 0 5.451 6.846 Gadaref 220 kv BB2 -5.451 -6.846 156.4 62.3
& Gadaref110 kv BB2

Gadaref 110 kv BB1 110.000 99.009 1.4 0 0 0 0 FAO BB 110 kv 5.295 -5.496 40.5 -69.4
Gadaref110 kv BB2 -2.613 2.117 17.8 -77.7

Gadaref 33 kv-BB1 -2.682 3.379 22.9 -62.2

Gadaref110 kv BB2 110.000 99.009 1.4 0 0 0 0 Old Gadaref 110 kv BB 0.067 -1.276 6.8 -5.2
Gadaref 110 kv BB1 2.613 -2.117 17.8 -77.7

Gadaref 33 kv-BB2 -2.679 3.393 22.9 -62.0

Gadaref 220 kv BB1 220.000 101.935 1.6 0 0 0 0 Hawatta 220 kv BB1 -23.573 -1.354 60.8 99.8
Gadaref 220 kv BB2 15.393 -6.619 43.1 -91.9

Bus510 0.040 4.407 11.3 0.9
Gadaref 110 kv BB1 8.140 3.566 22.9 91.6 3.409

& Gadaref 33 kv-BB1
Gadaref 220 kv BB2 220.000 101.935 1.6 0 0 0 0 Hawatta 220 kv BB2 -23.573 -1.354 60.8 99.8
alshwak BB2-220 30.788 -13.225 86.3 -91.9
Gadaref 220 kv BB1 -15.393 6.619 43.1 -91.9

Bus505 0.040 4.407 11.3 0.9
Gadaref110 kv BB2 8.137 3.553 22.9 91.6 3.409

& Gadaref 33 kv-BB2
Gamoia 33 KV B1 33.000 97.762 -27.7 0 0 11.294 4.982 Gamouia B1 -11.294 -4.982 220.9 91.5
& Gamouia 110 kv B1
Gamoia 33 KV B2 33.000 97.762 -27.7 0 0 11.294 4.982 Gamouia B2 -11.294 -4.982 220.9 91.5
& Gamouia 110 kv B2
Gamouia 110 kv B1 110.000 94.569 3.2 0 0 0 0 Banat 110 kv BB1 130.846 95.732 899.8 80.7
Gamouia 110 kv B2 -0.001 0.000 0.0 97.8
Gamoia 33 KV B1 -130.845 -95.732 899.8 80.7

& Gamouia B1
Gamouia 110 kv B2 110.000 94.569 3.2 0 0 0 0 Banat 110 kv BB2 130.846 95.732 899.8 80.7
101

Gamouia 110 kv B1 0.001 0.000 0.0 97.8

Gamoia 33 KV B2 -130.845 -95.732 899.8 80.7
& Gamouia B2
Gamouia B1 220.000 98.76 10.0 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB2-220 kv -221.766 -127.365 707.8 86.7
Gebel Aulia B1 77.655 -2.931 215.1 -99.9

Gamouia B2 0.000 0.000 0.0 93.9
Gamouia 110 kv B1 144.111 130.296 537.7 74.2 -10.000

& Gamoia 33 KV B1
Gamouia B2 220.000 98.76 10.0 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB1-220 kv -221.766 -127.365 707.8 86.7
Gebel Aulia B2 77.655 -2.931 215.1 -99.9
Gamouia B1 0.000 0.000 0.0 93.9

Gamouia 110 kv B2 144.111 130.296 537.7 74.2 -10.000
& Gamoia 33 KV B2
Garri 220.000 98.627 16.5 0 0 0 0 Free Zone B2- 220 KV 73.108 19.624 201.4 96.6
Free Zone B1- 220 KV 73.108 19.624 201.4 96.6

Eid Babikir B1 220 KV 130.540 44.681 367.1 94.6
Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV 130.540 44.681 367.1 94.6
Gebel Aulia 110 B1 110.000 100.61 4.2 0 0 0 0 Magirus 110 Kv BB1 72.374 34.076 448.5 90.5
Gebel Aulia 110 B2 -5.847 -39.711 225.0 14.6

Jabel aulia BB2 -66.527 5.635 374.3 -99.6
& Gebel Aulia B2

Gebel Aulia 110 B2 110.000 100.61 4.2 0 0 0 0 Magirus 110 Kv BB2 72.374 34.076 448.5 90.5
Gebel Aulia 110 B1 5.847 39.711 225.0 14.6

Jabel aulia BB1 -78.221 -73.787 602.9 72.7
& Gebel Aulia B1
102

Gebel Aulia B1 220.000 101.37 8.8 0 0 0 0 Gamouia B1 -77.312 -2.110 215.0 100.0
Giad 220 KV BB1 -32.006 12.010 95.0 -93.6
Mashkour B1 23.604 -59.762 178.6 -36.7

Gebel Aulia B2 -6.115 -43.891 123.2 13.8
Gebel Aulia 110 B2 91.829 93.753 364.8 70.0 -7.454

& Jabel aulia BB1
Gebel Aulia B2 220.000 101.37 8.8 0 0 0 0 Gamouia B2 -77.312 -2.110 215.0 100.0
Giad 220 KV BB2 -32.006 12.010 95.0 -93.6
Mashkour B2 23.604 -59.762 178.6 -36.7

Gebel Aulia B1 6.115 43.891 123.2 13.8
Gebel Aulia 110 B1 79.600 5.971 221.9 99.7

& Jabel aulia BB2
Genaid BB1-11 kv 11.000 99.796 -27.5 0 0 5.494 2.992 Genaid BB1-110 kv -5.494 -2.992 329.0 87.8
& Genaid BB1-33 kv
Genaid BB1-33 kv 33.000 100.259 2.9 0 0 8.006 4.008 Genaid BB1-11 kv -8.006 -4.008 156.2 89.4
& Genaid BB1-110 kv
Genaid BB1-110 kv 110.000 99.168 4.2 0 0 0 0 NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV -13.532 -7.468 81.8 87.6
Genaid BB2-110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -45.0
Genaid BB1-33 kv 13.532 7.468 81.8 87.6 -2.500

& Genaid BB1-11 kv
Genaid BB2-11 kv 11.000 99.796 -27.5 0 0 5.494 2.992 Genaid BB2-110 kv -5.494 -2.992 329.0 87.8
& Genaid BB2-33 kv
Genaid BB2-33 kv 33.000 100.259 2.9 0 0 8.006 4.008 Genaid BB2-11 kv -8.006 -4.008 156.2 89.4
& Genaid BB2-110 kv
Genaid BB2-110 kv 110.000 99.168 4.2 0 0 0 0 NEW-Hasahisa BB2-110 KV -13.532 -7.468 81.8 87.6
Genaid BB1-110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -45.0
Genaid BB2-33 kv 13.532 7.468 81.8 87.6 -2.500

& Genaid BB2-11 kv
Giad 33 KV BB1 33.000 93.323 -30.4 0 0 14.586 7.460 Giad 220 KV BB2 -14.586 -7.460 307.1 89.0
& Giad 110 KV
Giad 33 KV BB2 33.000 83.317 6.4 0 0 14.870 7.495 Giad 220 KV BB1 -14.870 -7.495 349.7 89.3
Giad 110 KV 110.000 98.241 4.1 0 0 0 0 Bageir 110 Kv BB 36.482 24.619 235.1 82.9
NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV -3.651 -2.936 25.0 77.9

Giad 33 KV BB1 -32.831 -21.682 210.2 83.4
& Giad 220 KV BB2

Giad 220 KV BB1 220.000 94.226 9.3 0 0 0 0 Gebel Aulia B1 32.076 -18.065 102.5 -87.1
NEW-Hasahisa BB2-220 kv 75.599 -16.404 215.5 -97.7

Kilo X B1 220 KV -139.116 11.405 388.8 -99.7
Giad 33 KV BB2 14.900 8.503 47.8 86.9 12.330
103

Giad 220 KV BB2 16.541 14.561 61.4 75.1

Giad 220 KV BB2 220.000 94.226 9.3 0 0 0 0 Gebel Aulia B2 32.076 -18.065 102.5 -87.1
NEW-Hasahisa BB1-220 kv 75.599 -16.404 215.5 -97.7

Kilo X B2 220 KV -139.116 11.405 388.8 -99.7
Giad 220 KV BB1 -16.541 -14.561 61.4 75.1

Giad 110 KV 47.983 37.625 169.8 78.7 -10.993
& Giad 33 KV BB1

Hawatta -33 kv BB1 33.000 99.359 -27.5 0 0 0 0 Hawatta -33 kv BB2 -0.077 -1.150 20.3 6.7
Hawatta 220 kv BB1 0.077 1.150 20.3 6.7

& Hawatta TR1~2
Hawatta -33 kv BB2 33.000 99.359 -27.5 0 0 0 0 Hawatta -33 kv BB1 0.077 1.150 20.3 6.7
Hawatta 220 kv BB2 -0.077 -1.150 20.3 6.7
& Hawatta TR2~2

Hawatta 220 kv BB1 220.000 101.730 2.5 0 0 0 0 Singa 220 kv BB1 -23.656 18.588 77.6 -78.6
Gadaref 220 kv BB1 23.656 -18.590 77.6 -78.6

Hawatta 220 kv BB2 0.077 1.150 3.0 6.6
Hawatta TR1~2 -0.077 -1.149 3.0 6.7 2.500

& Hawatta -33 kv BB1
Hawatta 220 kv BB2 220.000 101.730 2.5 0 0 0 0 Singa 220 kv BB2 -23.656 18.588 77.6 -78.6
Gadaref 220 kv BB2 23.656 -18.590 77.6 -78.6
Hawatta 220 kv BB1 -0.077 -1.150 3.0 6.6

Hawatta TR2~2 0.077 1.151 3.0 6.7 2.273
& Hawatta -33 kv BB2

Izergab B1-110 kv 110.000 98.142 10.4 0 0 0 0 Khartoum North -40.560 -23.407 250.4 86.6
Line382~ 0.000 -0.383 2.0 0.0

Izergab B2- 110 kv 5.442 4.563 38.0 76.6
Izergab NEW-B1-33 kv 35.118 19.227 214.1 87.7 1.165

& Izergab NEW-B1-11 kv
Izergab B2- 110 kv 110.000 98.142 10.4 0 0 0 0 Khartoum North -40.560 -23.407 250.4 86.6
Line380~ 0.000 -0.383 2.0 0.0
Izergab B1-110 kv -5.442 -4.563 38.0 76.6

Izergab NEW-B2-33 kv 35.945 19.982 219.9 87.4 -3.494

Izergab Old-B2-33 kv 10.057 8.371 70.0 76.9 -6.255
& Izergab Old-B2-11 kv

Izergab NEW-B1-11 kv 11.000 99.45 -23.1 0 0 5.844 2.808 Izergab B1-110 kv -5.844 -2.808 363.4 90.1

Izergab NEW-B1-33 kv 33.000 100.07 7.6 0 0 29.122 14.135 Izergab NEW-B1-11 kv -29.122 -14.135 600.9 90.0
& Izergab B1-110 kv
104

Izergab NEW-B2-11 kv 11.000 98.333 -22.8 0 0 5.959 2.949 Izergab B2- 110 kv -5.959 -2.949 354.9 89.6
Izergab NEW-B2-33 kv 33.000 98.954 7.8 0 0 29.840 14.840 Izergab NEW-B2-11 kv -29.840 -14.840 589.2 89.5
& Izergab B2- 110 kv
Izergab Old-B2-11 kv 11.000 100.934 -21.9 0 0 0 0 Izergab B2- 110 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 98.6
& Izergab Old-B2-33 kv
Izergab Old-B2-33 kv 33.000 99.994 7.4 0 0 9.999 7.498 Izergab Old-B2-11 kv -9.999 -7.498 218.7 80.0
& Izergab B2- 110 kv
Jabel aulia BB1 33.000 99.87 -26.6 0 0 12.610 5.004 Gebel Aulia B1 -12.610 -5.004 255.9 92.9
& Gebel Aulia 110 B2
Jabel aulia BB2 33.000 100.29 -26.5 0 0 12.634 5.028 Gebel Aulia B2 -12.634 -5.028 255.3 92.9
& Gebel Aulia 110 B1
Kabashi 220 BB1 220.000 97.123 15.4 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B1 220 KV 149.812 38.814 418.2 96.8
Free Zone B1- 220 KV -85.652 -47.148 264.2 87.6
Kabashi 220 BB2 -22.591 -214.407 582.5 10.5

Bus64 -41.569 222.740 612.2 -18.3
& Kabashi 500 kv

Kabashi 220 BB2 220.000 97.123 15.4 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV 149.812 38.814 418.2 96.8
Free Zone B2- 220 KV -85.652 -47.148 264.2 87.6

Kabashi 220 BB1 22.591 214.407 582.5 10.5
Bus63 -86.750 -206.073 604.1 38.8

& Kabashi 500 kv
Kabashi 500 kv 500.000 104.44 17.6 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB2-500 kv -132.321 -43.358 172.9 95.0
Kabashi 220 BB1 43.597 -192.328 244.9 -22.1 10.000
& Bus64
Kabashi 220 BB2 88.724 235.686 312.7 35.2 -15.000
& Bus63
Kassala BB1-11kv 11.000 99.757 -30.9 0 0 0 0 kassala BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 98.1
& kassala BB1-33 kv

kassala BB1-33 kv 34.500 99.833 -0.9 0 0 8.644 7.821 Kassala BB1-11kv -8.644 -7.821 195.4 74.2
& kassala BB1-220 kv

kassala BB1-220 kv 220.000 100.932 -0.3 0 0 0 0 kassala BB2-220 kv -8.656 -7.998 30.6 73.4
kassala BB1-33 kv 8.656 7.998 30.6 73.4

& Kassala BB1-11kv
Kassala BB2-11kv 11.000 99.757 -30.9 0 0 0 0 kassala BB2-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 98.1
& kassala BB2-33 kv
kassala BB2-33 kv 34.500 99.833 -0.9 0 0 8.644 7.821 Kassala BB2-11kv -8.644 -7.821 195.4 74.2
& kassala BB2-220 kv
kassala BB2-220 kv 220.000 100.932 -0.3 0 0 0 0 algirba BB2-220 kv -17.312 -9.885 51.8 86.8
105

aroma BB2-220 kv 0.001 -6.111 15.9 0.0

kassala BB1-220 kv 8.656 7.998 30.6 73.4
kassala BB2-33 kv 8.656 7.998 30.6 73.4

& Kassala BB2-11kv
KH east BB1-11kv 11.000 98.179 -26.6 0 0 4.963 2.454 KHE 110KV BB1 -4.963 -2.454 296.0 89.6
& KH east BB1-33kv
KH east BB1-33kv 33.000 99.047 4.2 0 0 74.705 42.579 KH east BB1-11kv -74.705 -42.579 1518.9 86.9
& KHE 110KV BB1
KH east BB2-11kv 11.000 98.223 -26.6 0 0 4.964 2.455 KHE 110KV BB2 -4.964 -2.455 295.9 89.6
& KH east BB2-33 kv
KH east BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.087 4.2 0 0 74.717 42.596 Burri SG 33 kv 0.000 -0.294 5.2 0.0
KH east BB2-11kv -74.717 -42.301 1516.0 87.0
& KHE 110KV BB2

Khartoum North 110.000 99.050 10.9 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2-110 KV 7.283 -3.986 44.0 -87.7
Eid Babikir BB1-110 KV 7.283 -3.986 44.0 -87.7

Izergab B1-110 kv 40.710 23.431 248.9 86.7
Izergab B2- 110 kv 40.710 23.431 248.9 86.7

Kuku BB1 110 86.604 62.071 564.6 81.3
Kuku BB2 110 86.604 62.071 564.6 81.3

Bus50 -29.909 -0.835 158.5 100.0
Bus52 -49.821 -27.429 301.4 87.6

Bus53 -49.821 -27.429 301.4 87.6
Bus54 -69.822 -53.669 466.7 79.3

Bus91 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Bus93 -69.822 -53.669 466.7 79.3

KHE 110KV BB1 110.000 97.100 9.8 0 0 0 0 Kuku BB1 110 -160.892 -112.941 1062.6 81.8
KHE 110KV BB2 80.451 56.312 530.8 81.9

KH east BB1-33kv 80.441 56.629 531.8 81.8 -8.750
& KH east BB1-11kv

KHE 110KV BB2 110.000 97.100 9.8 0 0 0 0 KHE 110KV BB1 -80.451 -56.312 530.8 81.9
KH east BB2-33 kv 80.451 56.312 530.8 81.9 -8.750

& KH east BB2-11kv
Kilo 273 215.000 94.823 12.6 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B2 220 KV -54.511 -18.128 162.7 94.9
Kilo X B2 110 KV 54.511 18.128 162.7 94.9 -5.212
& Bus285
Kilo275 215.000 94.823 12.6 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B1 220 KV -54.511 -18.128 162.7 94.9
Kilo X B1 110 KV 54.511 18.128 162.7 94.9 -5.212

& Bus280
Kilo 279 215.000 94.769 12.6 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B2 220 KV -59.086 -69.460 258.4 64.8
106

Kilo X B2 110 KV 59.086 69.460 258.4 64.8 -8.000

& Kilo X TR8-220 KV~3
Kilo X B1 11 KV 11.000 99.728 -21.6 0 0 5.993 2.991 Kilo X B2 110 KV -5.993 -2.991 352.5 89.5
& Kilo X B1 33KV
Kilo X B1 33KV 33.000 100.219 8.8 0 0 15.011 8.015 Kilo X B1 11 KV -15.011 -8.015 297.1 88.2
& Kilo X B2 110 KV
Kilo X B1 110 KV 110.000 98.794 10.7 0 0 0 0 Local mark BB2 110 kv 22.631 13.257 139.3 86.3
Afra BB1-110 kv 24.495 13.618 148.9 87.4
Kuku BB1 110 15.394 8.585 93.6 87.3

Kilo X B2 110 KV -29.562 -33.459 237.2 66.2
Kilo X B2 33KV 21.422 14.166 136.4 83.4 -10.000

& Kilo X B2 11 KV
Bus280 -54.380 -16.167 301.4 95.9
& Kilo275
Kilo X B1 220 KV 220.000 94.843 12.6 0 0 0 0 Eid Babikir B2- 220 KV -224.658 -44.156 633.5 98.1
Eid Babikir B1 220 KV -224.658 -44.156 633.5 98.1
Giad 220 KV BB1 140.603 -8.785 389.8 -99.8

Kilo275 54.511 18.165 159.0 94.9
Kilo X B2 220 KV 254.202 78.932 736.5 95.5

Kilo X B2 11 KV 11.000 102.889 -24.7 0 0 6.068 3.086 Kilo X B1 110 KV -6.068 -3.086 347.3 89.1
& Kilo X B2 33KV

Kilo X B2 33KV 33.000 102.777 5.3 0 0 15.163 8.219 Kilo X B2 11 KV -15.163 -8.219 293.6 87.9
& Kilo X B1 110 KV

Kilo X B2 110 KV 110.000 98.794 10.7 0 0 0 0 Local mark BB2 110 kv 22.631 13.257 139.3 86.3
Afra BB2-110 kv 24.495 13.618 148.9 87.4

Kuku BB2 110 15.394 8.585 93.6 87.3
Kilo X B1 110 KV 29.562 33.459 237.2 66.2

Kilo X B1 33KV 21.071 12.016 128.9 86.9 -3.494
& Kilo X B1 11 KV
Bus285 -54.380 -16.167 301.4 95.9
& Kilo 273

Kilo X TR8-220 KV~3 -58.774 -64.768 464.6 67.2
& Kilo 279

Kilo X B2 220 KV 220.000 99.53 12.6 0 0 0 0 Giad 220 KV BB2 140.603 -8.785 389.8 -99.8
Kilo 273 54.511 18.165 159.0 94.9

Kilo 279 59.089 69.553 252.5 64.7
Kilo X B1 220 KV -254.202 -78.932 736.5 95.5

KUK 33 BB1 33.000 99.288 7.8 0 0 13.959 7.346 Kuku BB1 110 -13.959 -7.346 277.9 88.5
KUK 33 BB2 33.000 99.288 7.8 0 0 13.959 7.346 Kuku BB2 110 -13.959 -7.346 277.9 88.5
107

KUK 33 BB3 33.000 99.288 7.8 0 0 13.959 7.346 Kuku BB2 110 -13.959 -7.346 277.9 88.5
Kuku BB1 110 110.000 98.225 10.4 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B1 110 KV -15.360 -9.143 95.5 85.9
Khartoum North -86.440 -60.988 565.3 81.7

KHE 110KV BB1 161.618 115.703 1062.1 81.3
KUK 33 BB1 13.994 8.186 86.6 86.3 -3.750

Kuku BB2 110 -73.812 -53.759 487.9 80.8
Kuku BB2 110 110.000 98.225 10.4 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B2 110 KV -15.360 -9.143 95.5 85.9
Khartoum North -86.440 -60.988 565.3 81.7
KUK 33 BB2 13.994 8.186 86.6 86.3 -3.750

KUK 33 BB3 13.994 8.186 86.6 86.3 -3.750
Kuku BB1 110 73.812 53.759 487.9 80.8

Local mark BB1 11 kv 11.000 83.612 -35.1 0 0 10.235 5.846 Local mark BB1 110 kv -10.235 -5.846 739.9 86.8
& Local mark BB1 33 kv


Local mark BB1 110 kv 110.000 88.565 0.2 0 0 0 0 Magirus 110 Kv BB1 -21.624 -12.391 147.7 86.8
Magirus 110 Kv BB2 -21.624 -12.391 147.7 86.8

Local mark BB1 33 kv 43.249 24.782 295.4 86.8


Local mark BB2 33 kv 33.000 94.712 7.0 0 0 34.243 16.096 Bus725 0.000 -0.055 1.0 0.0
Local mark BB2 11 kv -34.243 -16.041 698.5 90.6

Local mark BB2 110 kv 110.000 98.666 10.7 0 0 0 0 Kilo X B2 110 KV -22.619 -13.356 139.7 86.1
Kilo X B1 110 KV -22.619 -13.356 139.7 86.1
Local mark BB2 33 kv 45.239 26.712 279.5 86.1

Magirus 11 Kv BB1 11.000 96.998 -32.4 0 0 8.887 3.876 Magirus 110 Kv BB1 -4.283 0.221 232.1 -99.9
& Magirus 33 Kv BB1
Magirus 110 Kv BB1 -4.604 -4.097 333.5 74.7

& Magirus 33 Kv BB1
Magirus 11Kv BB2 11.000 83.381 -34.2 0 0 8.365 3.332 Magirus 110 Kv BB2 -6.322 -6.851 586.9 67.8
& Magirus 33 Kv BB2
Magirus 110 Kv BB2 -2.043 3.520 256.2 -50.2

& Bus768
Magirus 33 Kv BB1 33.000 97.151 -2.0 0 0 34.584 19.411 Magirus 11 Kv BB1 -29.643 -10.394 565.7 94.4
& Magirus 110 Kv BB1
Magirus 11 Kv BB1 -4.941 -9.017 185.2 48.1
108


Magirus 33 Kv BB2 33.000 84.391 -3.4 0 0 32.689 16.860 Magirus 11Kv BB2 -32.689 -16.860 762.5 88.9

Magirus 110 Kv BB1 110.000 88.911 0.4 0 0 0 0 Mugran 110 Kv BB1 1.980 -11.298 67.7 -17.3
Gebel Aulia 110 B1 -70.783 -29.304 452.2 92.4

Local mark BB1 110 kv 21.658 12.222 146.8 87.1
Magirus 110 Kv BB2 3.465 1.963 23.5 87.0

Magirus 33 Kv BB1 34.036 11.829 212.7 94.5 -10.000
& Magirus 11 Kv BB1

Magirus 33 Kv BB1 9.644 14.588 103.2 55.1 -15.013
& Magirus 11 Kv BB1

Magirus 110 Kv BB2 110.000 88.911 0.4 0 0 0 0 Gebel Aulia 110 B2 -70.783 -29.304 452.2 92.4
Local mark BB1 110 kv 21.658 12.222 146.8 87.1

Mugran 110 Kv BB2 1.980 -11.298 67.7 -17.3
Magirus 110 Kv BB1 -3.465 -1.963 23.5 87.0

Magirus 33 Kv BB2 39.290 27.880 284.4 81.6
& Magirus 11Kv BB2

Bus768 11.321 2.463 68.4 97.7 6.255
& Magirus 11Kv BB2

Mahadia B1 11 KV 11.000 102.326 -21.5 0 0 5.045 7.670 Mahadia B1 110 KV -5.045 -7.670 470.9 55.0
& OLD Mahadia B1 33 KV

Mahadia B1 110 KV 110.000 100.170 10.9 0 0 0 0 Mahadia B2 110 KV 14.285 -3.583 77.2 -97.0
OLD Mahadia B1 33 KV 20.178 14.662 130.7 80.9 -5.004

& Mahadia B1 11 KV
NEW Mahadia B1 33 KV -5.980 -18.369 101.2 31.0
& Mahadia B1 220 KV
Mahadia TR6 220 KV~3 -28.483 7.290 154.1 -96.9

& Mahadia B1 220 KV
Mahadia B1 220 KV 220.000 98.499 12.3 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB1-220 kv -45.227 -32.423 148.3 81.3
Mahadia B2 220 KV -14.309 3.217 39.1 -97.6
Mahadia B1 110 KV 31.005 35.770 126.1 65.5 -4.659

& NEW Mahadia B1 33 KV
Mahadia B1 110 KV 28.531 -6.564 78.0 -97.5 -1.250
& Mahadia TR6 220 KV~3
Mahadia B2 11 KV 11.000 102.326 -21.5 0 0 5.045 7.670 Mahadia B2 110 KV -5.045 -7.670 470.9 55.0
& OLD Mahadia B2 33 KV
Mahadia B2 110 KV 110.000 100.170 10.9 0 0 0 0 Mahadia B1 110 KV -14.285 3.583 77.2 -97.0
OLD Mahadia B2 33 KV 20.178 14.662 130.7 80.9 -5.004
& Mahadia B2 11 KV
109

Bus526 -5.893 -18.246 100.5 30.7

& Mahadia B2 220 KV
Mahadia B2 220 KV 220.000 98.499 12.3 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB2-220 kv -45.227 -32.423 148.3 81.3
Mahadia B1 220 KV 14.309 -3.217 39.1 -97.6
Mahadia B2 110 KV 30.918 35.641 125.7 65.5 -4.659

& Bus526
MANAGLE 110 kv 110.000 96.917 -2.6 0 0 0 0 Meringan 110 Kv BB2 -24.099 -7.347 136.4 95.7
MANAGLE BB1-33 kv 12.036 3.470 67.8 96.1 -4.444
& MANAGLE BB1-11 kv

MANAGLE BB2-33 kv 12.063 3.877 68.6 95.2 -5.555
& MANAGLE BB2-11 kv

MANAGLE BB1-11 kv 11.000 99.944 -34.9 0 0 1.999 0.999 MANAGLE 110 kv -1.999 -0.999 117.3 89.5
& MANAGLE BB1-33 kv

MANAGLE BB1-33 kv 33.000 100.221 -4.6 0 0 10.006 2.003 MANAGLE BB1-11 kv -10.006 -2.003 178.1 98.1
& MANAGLE 110 kv

MANAGLE BB2-11 kv 11.000 99.819 -36.8 0 0 1.998 0.997 MANAGLE 110 kv -1.998 -0.997 117.4 89.5
& MANAGLE BB2-33 kv

MANAGLE BB2-33 kv 33.000 100.251 -6.3 0 0 10.007 2.003 MANAGLE BB2-11 kv -10.007 -2.003 178.1 98.1
& MANAGLE 110 kv

Mashkour B1 220.000 97.460 7.5 0 0 0 0 Gebel Aulia B1 -23.115 43.652 133.0 -46.8
Rabak B1 18.928 -45.671 133.1 -38.3

Mashkour B2 -0.006 -0.003 0.0 90.1
Mashkour B1 110 4.193 2.022 12.5 90.1 -2.485

& Bus138
Mashkour B1 110 110.000 99.616 7.1 0 0 0 0 Mashkour BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Mashkour B2 110 4.191 1.991 24.4 90.3
Bus138 -4.191 -1.991 24.4 90.3

& Mashkour B1
Mashkour B2 220.000 97.460 7.5 0 0 0 0 Gebel Aulia B2 -23.115 43.652 133.0 -46.8
Rabak B2 18.928 -45.671 133.1 -38.3
Mashkour B1 0.006 0.003 0.0 90.1

Mashkour B2 110 4.181 2.016 12.5 90.1 -2.485
& Bus139
Mashkour B2 110 110.000 99.616 7.1 0 0 0 0 Mashkour BB2-33 kv 8.370 3.977 48.8 90.3
Mashkour B1 110 -4.191 -1.991 24.4 90.3

Bus139 -4.179 -1.986 24.4 90.3
& Mashkour B2
Mashkour BB1-33 kv 34.500 95.285 -22.9 0 0 0 0 Mashkour B1 110 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Mashkour BB2-33 kv 34.500 95.11 -23.5 0 0 8.367 3.861 Mashkour B2 110 -8.367 -3.861 162.7 90.8
110

Meringan 11 Kv BB1 11.000 99.885 -33.4 0 0 7.493 4.990 Meringan 110 Kv BB1 -7.493 -4.990 473.0 83.2
& Meringan 33 Kv BB3
Meringan 33 Kv BB2 33.000 99.940 -2.6 0 0 14.992 9.986 Meringan TR5~3 -14.992 -9.986 315.3 83.2
Meringan 110 Kv BB1 110.000 99.784 -0.3 0 0 0 0 alhagabdlla BB-110 kv 0.735 9.423 49.7 7.8
FAO BB 110 kv -0.196 2.063 10.9 -9.5
Meringan 110 Kv BB2 -1.646 -6.617 35.9 24.1

Bus388 -44.178 -38.257 307.4 75.6

Meringan 33 Kv BB1 22.643 16.693 148.0 80.5 -4.319

Meringan 33 Kv BB3 22.642 16.695 148.0 80.5 -4.319

Meringan 110 Kv BB2 110.000 99.784 -0.3 0 0 0 0 Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv 2.948 14.563 78.2 19.8
MANAGLE 110 kv 24.531 6.147 133.0 97.0

Meringan 110 Kv BB1 1.646 6.617 35.9 24.1
Bus383 -44.178 -38.257 307.4 75.6

Meringan 33 Kv BB2 15.055 10.930 97.9 80.9 -3.327
& Meringan TR5~3
Meringan 220 Kv BB1 220.000 97.93 3.6 0 0 0 0 Sennar Jn 220 KV BB1 1.152 -56.279 155.9 -2.0
NEW-Hasahisa BB1-220 kv -45.733 11.989 131.0 -96.7
Meringan 220 Kv BB2 0.000 0.000 0.0 95.1

Meringan 110 Kv BB1 44.581 44.289 174.1 70.9 -11.699
& Bus388
Meringan 220 Kv BB2 220.000 97.93 3.6 0 0 0 0 Sennar Jn 220 KV BB2 1.152 -56.279 155.9 -2.0
NEW-Hasahisa BB2-220 kv -45.733 11.989 131.0 -96.7

Meringan 220 Kv BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 95.1
Meringan 110 Kv BB2 44.581 44.289 174.1 70.9 -11.699

& Bus383
Merkhiat BB1-220 kv 220.000 99.038 12.6 0 0 0 0 Mahadia B1 220 KV 45.316 28.749 142.2 84.4
Gamouia B2 225.346 136.769 698.5 85.5
Merkhiat BB2-220 kv -90.221 -55.173 280.2 85.3
111

Bus714 -180.441 -110.345 560.5 85.3

& Merkhiat BB2-500 kv
Merkhiat BB1-500 kv 500.000 104.62 18.0 0 0 0 0 Merkhiat BB2-500 kv -24.875 -62.314 83.2 37.1
Bus116 -339.439 -209.860 494.6 85.1
Merkhiat BB2-220 kv 182.157 136.087 281.8 80.1 -12.500

& Bus65
Merkhiat BB2-220 kv 182.157 136.087 281.8 80.1 -12.500
& Bus62
Merkhiat BB2-220 kv 220.000 99.038 12.6 0 0 0 0 Mahadia B2 220 KV 45.316 28.749 142.2 84.4
Gamouia B1 225.346 136.769 698.5 85.5
Merkhiat BB1-220 kv 90.221 55.173 280.2 85.3

Bus65 -180.441 -110.345 560.5 85.3

Bus62 -180.441 -110.345 560.5 85.3

Merkhiat BB2-500 kv 500.000 104.62 18.0 0 0 0 0 Kabashi 500 kv 132.408 11.460 164.7 99.6
Bus107 -339.439 -209.861 494.6 85.1

Merkhiat BB1-500 kv 24.875 62.314 83.2 37.1
Merkhiat BB1-220 kv 182.157 136.087 281.8 80.1 -12.500

& Bus714
Merowe town BB1- 33 kv 33.000 99.421 20.7 0 0 0 0 Merowe town BB2- 33 kv 10.475 4.970 204.0 90.3
Merowe town-TR1~3 -10.475 -4.970 204.0 90.3
& Merowe town BB1- 220

Merowe town BB1- 220 220.000 100.266 22.8 0 0 0 0 ElDebba BB2- 220 kv 23.901 -53.842 154.2 -40.6
Merowe town BB2- 220 -34.408 48.383 155.4 -58.0

Merowe town BB1- 33 kv 10.508 5.459 31.0 88.7 -1.250
& Merowe town-TR1~3

Merowe town BB2- 33 kv 33.000 99.421 20.7 0 0 20.951 9.942 Merowe town BB1- 33 kv -10.475 -4.970 204.0 90.3
Merowe town-TR2~3 -10.475 -4.970 204.0 90.3

& Merowe town BB2- 220
Merowe town BB2- 220 220.000 100.266 22.8 0 0 0 0 Merowi Hydro 220 kv -44.916 42.924 162.6 -72.3
Merowe town BB1- 220 34.408 -48.383 155.4 -58.0
Merowe town BB2- 33 kv 10.508 5.459 31.0 88.7 -1.250

& Merowe town-TR2~3
Merowi Hydro 500.000 102.162 25.4 0 0 0 0 Bus106 345.786 171.567 436.3 89.6
Bus114 2.8 345.786 171.567 436.3 89.6
Bus89 -4.574 -165.162

1
Merowi Hydro 220 kv 32.695 -52.827 8 70.2 -52.6 7.454
6
& Merowi Hydro- AUTR01~3 .
7
112

Merowi Hydro 220 kv 32.695 -52.827 70.2 -52.6 7.454

& T445~3
Merowi Hydro 220 kv 220.000 99.005 23.8 0 0 0 0 Merowe town BB2- 220 45.180 -49.426 177.5 -67.5
Dongola BB1- 220 kv 19.794 -62.465 173.7 -30.2
Merowi Hydro- AUTR01~3 -32.487 55.945 171.5 -50.2

& Merowi Hydro
T445~3 -32.487 55.945 171.5 -50.2
& Merowi Hydro
MIN ELSHREEF 110 kv 110.000 95.639 0.2 0 0 11.687 1.912 SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv -11.687 -1.912 65.0 98.7
Mugran 11 Kv BB1 11.000 99.94 -34.0 0 0 9.783 4.733 Mugran 110 Kv BB1 -9.783 -4.733 601.9 90.0
& Mugran 33 Kv BB1

& Mugran 33 Kv BB2

& Mugran 110 Kv BB1

& Mugran 110 Kv BB2

Mugran 110 Kv BB1 110.000 97.73 0.4 0 0 0 0 Magirus 110 Kv BB1 -1.970 10.904 65.2 -17.8
Banat 110 kv BB1 -47.348 -37.908 356.9 78.1

Mugran 110 Kv BB2 0.000 0.000 0.0 -80.0
Mugran 33 Kv BB1 49.318 27.004 330.8 87.7 -10.000

& Mugran 11 Kv BB1
Mugran 110 Kv BB2 110.000 97.73 0.4 0 0 0 0 Banat 110 kv BB2 -47.348 -37.908 356.9 78.1
Magirus 110 Kv BB2 -1.970 10.904 65.2 -17.8
Mugran 110 Kv BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 -80.0

Mugran 33 Kv BB2 49.318 27.004 330.8 87.7 -10.000
& Mugran 11 Kv BB2

New 33KV switchgear BB1 33.000 100.709 18.4 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
New 33KV switchgear BB2 33.000 99.898 13.6 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB2-33 kv 0.006 0.004 0.1 81.8
new halfa BB1- 33 kv 34.500 99.414 -0.4 0 0 6.599 11.942 Bus533 -6.599 -11.942 229.7 48.4
& new halfa BB1-220 kv
113

new halfa BB1-220 kv 220.000 101.036 0.1 0 0 0 0 algirba BB2-220 kv -6.615 -12.187 36.0 47.7
new halfa BB2-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -6.2
new halfa BB1- 33 kv 6.615 12.187 36.0 47.7

& Bus533
new halfa BB2 -33 kv 34.500 99.414 -0.4 0 0 6.599 11.942 Bus536 -6.599 -11.942 229.7 48.4
& new halfa BB2-220 kv
new halfa BB2-220 kv 220.000 101.036 0.1 0 0 0 0 algirba BB1-220 kv -6.615 -12.187 36.0 47.7
new halfa BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -6.2
new halfa BB2 -33 kv 6.615 12.187 36.0 47.7

& Bus536
NEW Mahadia B1 33 KV 33.000 98.560 -20.3 0 0 24.850 14.777 Mahadia B1 220 KV -24.850 -14.777 513.2 86.0
& Mahadia B1 110 KV
NEW Mahadia B2 33 KV 33.000 98.563 -20.3 0 0 24.856 14.785 Bus526 -24.851 -14.777 513.2 86.0
NEW OMD B1 11KV 11.000 95.883 -32.9 0 0 0 0 Omdurman BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 -90.2
& NEW OMD B1 33KV

NEW OMD B1 33KV 33.000 96.144 -2.6 0 0 39.360 19.209 NEW OMD B1 11KV -39.360 -19.209 797.0 89.9
& Omdurman BB1

NEW OMD B2 11KV 11.000 95.883 -32.9 0 0 0 0 Omdurman BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 -90.2
& NEW OMD B2 33KV

NEW OMD B2 33KV 33.000 96.144 -2.6 0 0 39.360 19.209 NEW OMD B2 11KV -39.360 -19.209 797.0 89.9
& Omdurman BB1

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-33 KV 33.000 100.757 4.4 0 0 0 0 Hasahisa TR3~3 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV 110.000 99.498 4.4 0 0 0 0 Giad 110 KV 3.687 0.617 19.7 98.6
Genaid BB1-110 kv 13.550 6.855 80.1 89.2

Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv 20.616 -0.771 108.8 -99.9
NEW-Hasahisa BB2-110 KV -9.258 2.115 50.1 -97.5

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-33 KV 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -1.250
& Hasahisa TR3~3

Bus511 -28.595 -8.817 157.9 95.6
& NEW-Hasahisa BB1-220 kv

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-220 kv 220.000 98.67 5.8 0 0 0 0 Meringan 220 Kv BB1 46.083 -20.397 140.4 -91.4
Giad 220 KV BB2 -74.731 10.796 210.4 -99.0

NEW-Hasahisa BB2-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -99.4

& Bus511
NEW-Hasahisa BB2-33 KV 33.000 100.757 4.4 0 0 0 0 Hasahisa TR4~3 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& NEW-Hasahisa BB2-110 KV
NEW-Hasahisa BB2-110 KV 110.000 99.498 4.4 0 0 5.788 4.079 Genaid BB2-110 kv 13.550 6.855 80.1 89.2
114

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV 9.258 -2.115 50.1 -97.5

& Hasahisa TR4~3

Bus508 -28.595 -8.817 157.9 95.6
& NEW-Hasahisa BB2-220 kv

NEW-Hasahisa BB2-220 kv 220.000 98.67 5.8 0 0 0 0 Meringan 220 Kv BB2 46.083 -20.397 140.4 -91.4
Giad 220 KV BB1 -74.731 10.796 210.4 -99.0

NEW-Hasahisa BB1-220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -99.4

& Bus508
Old Gadaref 110 kv BB 110.000 99.030 1.4 0 0 0 0 Gadaref110 kv BB2 -0.067 -0.998 5.3 6.7
Old Gadaref BB- 66 kv 0.781 11.719 62.2 6.7 -5.456
& Old Gadaref BB1- 11 kv

Old Gadaref BB- 66 kv -0.715 -10.721 56.9 6.7 3.346
& Old Gadaref BB2- 11 kv

Bus775 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -5.456
& Old Gadaref TR3~3

Old Gadaref BB1- 11 kv 11.500 103.511 1.4 0 0 0 0 Old Gadaref 110 kv BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Old Gadaref BB- 66 kv

Old Gadaref BB2- 11 kv 11.500 95.691 -28.6 0 0 0 0 Old Gadaref 110 kv BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Old Gadaref BB- 66 kv

Old Gadaref BB- 66 kv 66.000 100.260 1.4 0 0 0 0 Old Gadaref BB1- 11 kv -0.748 -11.217 98.1 6.7
& Old Gadaref 110 kv BB

Old Gadaref BB2- 11 kv 0.748 11.217 98.1 6.7
& Old Gadaref 110 kv BB

OLD Mahadia B1 33 KV 33.000 100.054 6.3 0 0 15.000 5.000 Mahadia B1 11 KV -15.000 -5.000 276.5 94.9
& Mahadia B1 110 KV

OLD Mahadia B2 33 KV 33.000 100.054 6.3 0 0 15.000 5.000 Mahadia B2 11 KV -15.000 -5.000 276.5 94.9
& Mahadia B2 110 KV

Old OMD BB 11KV 11.000 96.446 -33.2 0 0 9.816 2.890 Omdurman BB2 -9.816 -2.890 556.9 95.9
& Old OMD BB 33KV

Old OMD BB 33KV 33.000 99.79 -4.9 0 0 12.716 4.731 Old OMD BB 11KV -12.716 -4.731 250.6 93.7
& Omdurman BB2

Old Rabak 110KV BB 110.000 99.202 2.1 0 0 0 0 Sennar Jn 110 KV BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Old Rbk 33KV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 -1.165

& Old Rbk 11KV BB
Old Rbk 11KV BB 11.000 100.371 -27.9 0 0 0 0 Old Rabak 110KV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Old Rbk 33KV BB
Old Rbk 33KV BB 33.000 100.371 2.1 0 0 0 0 Old Rbk 11KV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
115

& Old Rabak 110KV BB

Old-Hasahisa BB1-11 kv 11.000 99.667 -30.9 0 0 2.995 2.490 Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv -2.995 -2.490 205.1 76.9
& Old-Hasahisa BB1-33 kv

Old-Hasahisa BB1-33 kv 33.000 100.322 -0.5 0 0 8.008 5.012 Old-Hasahisa BB1-11 kv -8.008 -5.012 164.7 84.8
& Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv

Old-Hasahisa BB2-11 kv 11.000 99.081 -32.6 0 0 2.988 2.475 Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv -2.988 -2.475 205.5 77.0

Old-Hasahisa BB2-33 kv 33.000 100.108 -2.0 0 0 8.001 5.001 Old-Hasahisa BB2-11 kv -8.001 -5.001 164.9 84.8
& Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv

Old-Hasahisa BB 110 kv 110.000 95.122 1.3 0 0 0 0 NEW-Hasahisa BB1-110 KV -19.702 -0.414 108.7 100.0
Meringan 110 Kv BB2 -2.398 -16.195 90.3 14.6

Old-Hasahisa BB1-33 kv 11.040 8.068 75.5 80.7 -7.507

Old-Hasahisa BB2-33 kv 11.059 8.541 77.1 79.1 -9.383

Omdurman BB1 110.000 97.49 0.2 0 0 0 0 Line24~ 0.000 -0.367 2.2 0.0
Omdurman BB2 -79.053 -43.061 530.3 87.8

NEW OMD B2 33KV 39.527 21.714 265.7 87.6 -10.000
& NEW OMD B2 11KV

NEW OMD B1 33KV 39.527 21.714 265.7 87.6 -10.000
& NEW OMD B1 11KV

Omdurman BB2 110.000 97.49 0.2 0 0 0 0 Banat 110 kv BB2 -50.860 -26.172 336.9 88.9
Banat 110 kv BB1 -50.860 -26.172 336.9 88.9

Line23~ 0.000 -0.367 2.2 0.0
Omdurman BB1 79.053 43.061 530.3 87.8

Old OMD BB 33KV 22.667 9.651 145.1 92.0 -9.938
& Old OMD BB 11KV

port sudan BB1 33 kv 33.000 100.568 -3.1 0 0 62.115 24.111 port sudan TR3~3 -62.115 -24.111 1159.1 93.2
& port sudan BB1 110 kv

port sudan BB1 110 kv 110.000 99.093 1.0 0 0 0 0 Bashayer 110kV BB 0.000 0.000 0.0 100.0
port sudan BB2 110 kv -31.234 -19.744 195.7 84.5

port sudan TR1~3 -31.243 -9.802 173.4 95.4

port sudan BB1 33 kv 62.477 29.546 366.1 90.4 -5.004
& port sudan TR3~3

port sudan BB1 220 kv 220.000 99.864 3.8 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB2-220 kv -62.718 -23.090 175.6 93.8
port sudan BB2 220 kv 31.359 11.545 87.8 93.8

port sudan BB1 110 kv 31.359 11.545 87.8 93.8 -1.250
& port sudan TR1~3
116

port sudan BB2 33 kv 33.000 100.335 0.9 0 0 0.000 -10.067 port sudan TR4~3 0.000 10.067 175.5 0.0
port sudan BB2 110 kv 110.000 99.093 1.0 0 0 0 0 port sudan BB1 110 kv 31.234 19.744 195.7 84.5
port sudan TR2~3 -31.243 -9.802 173.4 95.4

port sudan BB2 33 kv 0.008 -9.943 52.7 -0.1
& port sudan TR4~3

port sudan BB2 220 kv 220.000 99.864 3.8 0 0 0 0 port sudan BB1 220 kv -31.359 -11.545 87.8 93.8
port sudan BB2 110 kv 31.359 11.545 87.8 93.8 -1.250

& port sudan TR2~3
Rabak B1 220.000 99.525 6.5 0 0 0 0 Mashkour B1 -18.685 27.469 87.6 -56.2
Tandalti BB1 220 kv 28.632 -11.126 81.0 -93.2
RANK B1 220 kv -7.868 -39.200 105.4 19.7

Rabak B2 -14.316 5.563 40.5 -93.2
Rabak B1-110 KV 12.237 17.294 55.9 57.8 -2.485

& Bus152
Rabak B1- 33 KV 34.500 100.707 4.5 0 0 53.797 24.637 Rabak B2-33 KV -39.812 12.598 693.9 -95.3
Rabak TR3~3 -13.985 -37.235 660.9 35.2
& Rabak B1-110 KV

Rabak B1-110 KV 110.000 99.594 5.6 0 0 0 0 Rabak B2-110 KV -1.978 -23.378 123.6 8.4
Bus152 -12.197 -16.692 108.9 59.0

& Rabak B1
Rabak B1- 33 KV 14.174 40.070 224.0 33.3 -7.454
& Rabak TR3~3
Rabak B2 220.000 99.525 6.5 0 0 0 0 Mashkour B2 -18.685 27.469 87.6 -56.2
RANK B2 220 kv -7.868 -39.200 105.4 19.7
Rabak B1 14.316 -5.563 40.5 -93.2

Rabak B2-110 KV 12.237 17.294 55.9 57.8 -2.485
& Bus149
Rabak B2-33 KV 34.500 100.707 4.5 0 0 0 0 Bus707 -29.598 5.656 500.7 -98.2
Line504~ 0.000 -0.003 0.0 0.0

Rabak B1- 33 KV 39.812 -12.598 693.9 -95.3
Rabak TR4~3 -10.201 6.959 205.2 -82.6

& Rabak B2-110 KV
Rabak B2-110 KV 110.000 99.594 5.6 0 0 0 0 Rabak B1-110 KV 1.978 23.378 123.6 8.4
Bus149 -12.197 -16.692 108.9 59.0
& Rabak B2
Rabak B2-33 KV 10.219 -6.687 64.4 -83.7
& Rabak TR4~3
117

Rank B1 11 kv 11.000 103.822 -23.4 0 0 0 0 Rank B1 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

Rank B1 33 kv 33.000 99.308 6.6 0 0 0 0 Rank B1 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Bus162 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

& RANK B1 220 kv
RANK B1 220 kv 220.000 102.070 6.6 0 0 0 0 Rabak B1 8.004 6.803 27.0 76.2
Roseire-SS-BB1 -8.004 -6.803 27.0 76.2
RANK B2 220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -22.8

Rank B1 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 7.454
& Bus162
Rank B2 11 kv 11.000 103.822 -23.4 0 0 0 0 Rank B2 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Rank B2 33 kv 33.000 99.308 6.6 0 0 0 0 Rank B2 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0

Bus159 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& RANK B2 220 kv

RANK B2 220 kv 220.000 102.070 6.6 0 0 0 0 Rabak B2 8.004 6.803 27.0 76.2
Roseires SS BB2 -8.004 -6.803 27.0 76.2

RANK B1 220 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 -22.8
Rank B2 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 7.454

& Bus159
Roseire-SS-BB1 220.000 101.091 7.3 0 0 0 0 RANK B1 220 kv 8.047 -28.474 76.8 -27.2
Roseires PS -29.257 21.064 93.6 -81.2
Roseires PS -29.257 21.064 93.6 -81.2

Singa 220 kv BB2 45.487 -15.422 124.7 -94.7
roseries BB1-33 kv 4.980 1.768 13.7 94.2 6.250

Roseires SS BB2 0.000 0.000 0.0 5.2
Roseires PS 220.000 101.073 7.3 0 0 7.531 4.749 Roseire-SS-BB1 29.260 -21.455 94.2 -80.6
Roseire-SS-BB1 29.260 -21.455 94.2 -80.6
Roseires SS BB2 29.260 -21.455 94.2 -80.6

Roseires SS BB2 29.260 -21.455 94.2 -80.6
Bus16 -34.892 21.143 105.9 -85.5 -5.000

& Bus15
Bus18 -29.916 20.636 94.4 -82.3 -5.000

& Bus17
Bus20 -29.916 20.636 94.4 -82.3 -5.000
& Bus19
Bus22 -29.848 18.655 91.4 -84.8 -5.000

& Bus21
Roseires SS BB2 220.000 101.091 7.3 0 0 0 0 RANK B2 220 kv 8.047 -28.474 76.8 -27.2
Roseires PS -29.257 21.064 93.6 -81.2
Roseires PS -29.257 21.064 93.6 -81.2
118

Singa 220 kv BB1 45.487 -15.422 124.7 -94.7

roseries BB2-33 kv 4.980 1.768 13.7 94.2 6.250
Roseire-SS-BB1 0.000 0.000 0.0 5.2

roseries BB1-33 kv 33.000 98.888 -23.6 0 0 4.977 1.681 Roseire-SS-BB1 -4.977 -1.681 92.9 94.7
roseries BB2-33 kv 33.000 98.888 -23.6 0 0 4.977 1.681 Roseires SS BB2 -4.977 -1.681 92.9 94.7
Sennar Hydro BB-11 kv 11.000 99.11 -28.2 0 0 0 0 SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv -0.488 -7.562 425.5 6.4
SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv 0.488 7.562 425.5 6.4

Sennar Jn 110 KV BB1 110.000 98.684 2.3 0 0 0 0 SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv 19.492 -5.949 108.4 -95.6
Old Rabak 110KV BB 0.007 -3.062 16.3 -0.2

Bus412 -9.751 7.069 64.1 -81.0
& Sennar Jn 220 KV BB1

Bus409 -9.748 1.942 52.9 -98.1
& Sennar Jn 220 KV BB2

Sennar Jn 220 KV BB1 220.000 98.504 3.2 0 0 0 0 Singa 220 kv BB1 -18.434 -46.933 134.3 36.6
Meringan 220 Kv BB1 -0.768 47.569 126.7 -1.6

Sennar Jn 220 KV BB2 9.437 6.225 30.1 83.5
Sennar Jn 110 KV BB1 9.765 -6.862 31.8 -81.8 0.732

& Bus412
Sennar Jn 220 KV BB2 220.000 98.504 3.2 0 0 18.886 7.388 Singa 220 kv BB2 -18.434 -46.933 134.3 36.6
Meringan 220 Kv BB2 -0.768 47.569 126.7 -1.6
Sennar Jn 220 KV BB1 -9.437 -6.225 30.1 83.5

Sennar Jn 110 KV BB1 9.758 -1.795 26.4 -98.3
& Bus409
Shendi BB1 33 kv 33.000 99.832 15.2 0 0 22.785 6.988 Shendi BB1 220 kv -11.292 -3.460 207.0 95.6
Shendi BB2 33 kv -11.493 -3.528 210.7 95.6

Shendi BB1 220 kv 220.000 99.631 16.9 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB1-220 kv -27.156 -4.636 72.6 98.6
Free Zone B2- 220 KV 15.752 0.753 41.5 99.9

Shendi BB1 33 kv 11.305 3.849 31.5 94.7 -1.307
Shendi BB2 220 kv 0.099 0.034 0.3 94.7

Shendi BB2 33 kv 33.000 99.832 15.2 0 0 0 0 Bus591 0.000 -0.005 0.1 0.0
Shendi BB2 220 kv -11.490 -3.521 210.6 95.6

Shendi BB1 33 kv 11.493 3.528 210.7 95.6
Shendi BB2 220 kv 220.000 99.631 16.9 0 0 0 0 Atbara BB2-220 kv -27.156 -4.636 72.6 98.6
Free Zone B1- 220 KV 15.752 0.753 41.5 99.9
Shendi BB2 33 kv 11.504 3.917 32.0 94.7 -1.307

Shendi BB1 220 kv -0.099 -0.034 0.3 94.7
Singa 33 kv BB1 33.000 98.657 -26.7 0 0 2.486 1.380 Singa 220 kv BB1 -2.486 -1.380 50.4 87.4
& Singa 110 kv BB1
Singa 33 kv BB2 33.000 98.662 -26.7 0 0 2.486 1.381 Singa 220 kv BB2 -2.486 -1.381 50.4 87.4
119

& Singa 110 kv BB2

Singa 110 kv BB1 110.000 98.816 3.4 0 0 0 0 Singa 110 kv BB2 -0.005 -0.003 0.0 87.3
Singa 33 kv BB1 0.005 0.003 0.0 87.3

& Singa 220 kv BB1
Singa 110 kv BB2 110.000 98.816 3.4 0 0 0 0 Singa 110 kv BB1 0.005 0.003 0.0 87.3
Singa 33 kv BB2 -0.005 -0.003 0.0 87.3
& Singa 220 kv BB2

Singa 220 kv BB1 220.000 100.495 3.4 0 0 0 0 Roseires SS BB2 -44.918 -6.334 118.5 99.0
Sennar Jn 220 KV BB1 18.615 41.114 117.9 41.2

Hawatta 220 kv BB1 23.817 -36.168 113.1 -55.0
Singa 220 kv BB2 0.005 0.003 0.0 89.8

Singa 110 kv BB1 2.481 1.386 7.4 87.3 1.705
& Singa 33 kv BB1

Singa 220 kv BB2 220.000 100.495 3.4 0 0 0 0 Roseire-SS-BB1 -44.918 -6.334 118.5 99.0
Sennar Jn 220 KV BB2 18.615 41.114 117.9 41.2

Hawatta 220 kv BB2 23.817 -36.168 113.1 -55.0
Singa 220 kv BB1 -0.005 -0.003 0.0 89.8

Singa 110 kv BB2 2.492 1.391 7.5 87.3 1.705
& Singa 33 kv BB2

SSennar Hydro BB-110 kv 110.000 98.323 1.8 0 0 0 0 alhagabdlla BB-110 kv 7.291 -7.400 55.5 -70.2
Sennar Jn 110 KV BB1 -19.370 5.780 107.9 -95.8

MIN ELSHREEF 110 kv 11.985 0.151 64.0 100.0
Sennar Hydro BB-11 kv 0.535 8.297 44.4 6.4 -4.126

Sennar Hydro BB-11 kv -0.440 -6.827 36.5 6.4 16.503
Tandalti BB1-11 kv 11.500 103.754 -24.5 0 0 0 0 Tandalti BB1 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Tandalti BB1 33 kv 34.500 99.243 5.5 0 0 0 0 Tandalti BB1-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Tandalti BB2 33 kv 0.558 0.467 12.3 76.7

Bus641 -0.558 -0.467 12.3 76.7
& Tandalti BB1 220 kv

Tandalti BB1 220 kv 220.000 99.353 5.6 0 0 0 0 Rabak B1 -28.535 -4.959 76.5 98.5
UM RWABA BB1-220 kv 27.418 4.023 73.2 98.9

Tandalti BB2 220 kv 0.558 0.468 1.9 76.6
Tandalti BB1 33 kv 0.558 0.468 1.9 76.6

& Bus641
Tandalti BB2 11 kv 11.500 103.754 -24.5 0 0 0 0 Tandalti BB2 33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Tandalti BB2 33 kv 34.500 99.243 5.5 0 0 1.116 0.934 Tandalti BB2 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
Tandalti BB1 33 kv -0.558 -0.467 12.3 76.7

Bus638 -0.558 -0.467 12.3 76.7
& Tandalti BB2 220 kv
120

Tandalti BB2 220 kv 220.000 99.353 5.6 0 0 0 0 Tandalti BB1 220 kv -0.558 -0.468 1.9 76.6
Tandalti BB2 33 kv 0.558 0.468 1.9 76.6
& Bus638
UM RWABA BB1-11 kv 11.500 103.901 -25.3 0 0 0 0 UM RWABA BB1-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
UM RWABA BB1-33 kv 34.500 99.384 4.7 0 0 0 0 UM RWABA BB1-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
UM RWABA BB2-33 kv 2.030 7.269 127.1 26.9
Bus627 -2.030 -7.269 127.1 26.9

& UM RWABA BB1-220 kv
UM RWABA BB1-220 kv 220.000 98.485 4.9 0 0 0 0 Tandalti BB1 220 kv -27.321 -18.824 88.4 82.3
UM RWABA BB2-220 kv 25.282 11.431 73.9 91.1
UM RWABA BB1-33 kv 2.039 7.393 20.4 26.6 -2.485

& Bus627
UM RWABA BB2-11 kv 11.500 103.901 -25.3 0 0 0 0 UM RWABA BB2-33 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
UM RWABA BB2-33 kv 34.500 99.384 4.7 0 0 4.062 14.546 UM RWABA BB2-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
UM RWABA BB1-33 kv -2.030 -7.269 127.1 26.9

Bus624 -2.030 -7.269 127.1 26.9
& UM RWABA BB2-220 kv

UM RWABA BB2-220 kv 220.000 98.485 4.9 0 0 0 0 El-Obeid B2- 220 kv 23.243 4.038 62.9 98.5
UM RWABA BB1-220 kv -25.282 -11.431 73.9 91.1

UM RWABA BB2-33 kv 2.039 7.393 20.4 26.6 -2.485
& Bus624
Wadi halfa BB1-11 kv 11.000 101.981 -9.6 0 0 0.000 15.600 Wadi halfa BB1-220kv 0.000 -15.600 802.9 0.0
& Wadi halfa BB1-33 kv

Wadi halfa BB1-33 kv 33.000 104.654 20.3 0 0 0 0 Wadi halfa BB1-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Wadi halfa BB1-220kv

Wadi halfa BB1-220kv 220.000 105.737 20.2 0 0 0 0 Wawa BB1- 220 kv -0.126 -31.600 78.4 0.4
Wadi halfa BB2-220kv 0.060 15.011 37.3 0.4

Wadi halfa BB1-33 kv 0.066 16.589 41.2 0.4 -2.500

Wadi halfa BB2-11 kv 11.000 97.010 -9.6 0 0 0.000 14.117 Wadi halfa BB2-220kv 0.000 -14.117 763.8 0.0

Wadi halfa BB2-33 kv 33.000 99.554 20.3 0 0 0 0 Wadi halfa BB2-11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Wadi halfa BB2-220kv

Wadi halfa BB2-220kv 220.000 105.737 20.2 0 0 0 0 Wadi halfa BB1-220kv -0.060 -15.011 37.3 0.4
Wadi halfa BB2-33 kv 0.060 15.011 37.3 0.4 2.500

Wawa BB1- 11 kv 11.000 96.807 -9.7 0 0 0.000 14.057 Wawa BB1- 220 kv 0.000 -14.057 762.2 0.0
& Wawa BB1- 33 kv
Wawa BB1- 33 kv 33.000 99.345 20.2 0 0 0 0 Wawa BB1- 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
121
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)

& Wawa BB1- 220 kv Vd

CKT / Branch From-To Bus Flow To-From Bus Flow Losses % Bus Voltage
Wawa BB1- 220 kv 220.000 101.84 20.1 0 0 0 0 Wadi halfa BB1-220kv 0.145 -14.322 % Drop 35.2 -1.0
MW Mvar MW Mvar kW kvar From To in Vmag
Wawa BB2-220 kv -0.205 -0.627 1.6 31.1
3.6 -211.8 100.5 100.6 0.10
Wawa BB1- 33 kv 0.059 14.949 36.7 0.4 3.750
& Wawa BB1- 11 kv

Wawa BB2- 11 kv 11.000 101.714 -9.7 0 0 0.000 15.518 Wawa BB2-220 kv 0.000 -15.518 800.8 0.0
& Wawa BB2- 33 kv

Wawa BB2- 33 kv 34.500 99.842 20.2 0 0 0 0 Wawa BB2- 11 kv 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0
& Wawa BB2-220 kv

Wawa BB2-220 kv 220.000 101.84 20.1 0 0 0 0 Dongola BB1- 220 kv -0.270 -17.128 42.1 1.6
Wawa BB1- 220 kv 0.205 0.627 1.6 31.1

Wawa BB2- 33 kv 0.066 16.502 40.5 0.4 -1.250
& Wawa BB2- 11 kv
122
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
Table (3.2) flow result in Sudan Transmission Lines
ID
Afra_Faroug line 1 4.029 -11.568 -4.025 11.356
Afra_Kilo10 Line1 -9.235 9.024 9.244 -9.465 8.9 -441.0 100.5 100.4 0.15
Afra_Faroug line 2 4.029 -11.568 -4.025 11.356 3.6 -211.8 100.5 100.6 0.10
Afra_Kilo10 Line2 -9.235 9.024 9.244 -9.465 8.9 -441.0 100.5 100.4 0.15
Algirba_NEWhalfa 1 220 6.616 5.388 -6.607 -12.150 9.1 -6762.6 100.9 100.6 0.32
Algirba_Alshwak line 2 -48.834 -19.002 49.084 11.178 250.5 -7824.3 100.9 102.0 1.06
Algirba_Kassala line 2 17.327 -0.318 -17.290 -9.888 37.2 -10205.7 100.9 100.5 0.42
Algirba_NEWhalfa 2 220 6.616 5.388 -6.607 -12.150 9.1 -6762.6 100.9 100.6 0.32
Meringan_Alhag.A line 1.356 -5.361 -1.328 4.636 27.6 -725.1 98.7 99.1 0.48
Sennar HY_Alhaj.A line 1 -9.114 1.612 9.270 -2.732 156.3 -1120.0 98.7 99.8 1.14
Gdarif_Alshwak line 2 -55.138 -14.196 55.446 -0.097 308.0 -14292.9 102.0 102.9 0.89
Aroma_Kassala line 2 0.000 0.000 0.001 -6.061 0.6 -6061.2 100.6 100.5 0.08
Merawi_Atbara line 500kv -184.327 27.200 187.682 -454.546 3354.6 -427345.1 115.4 106.7 8.66
Line484 0.000 -0.040 0.000 0.000 0.0 -39.6 99.2 99.2 0.01
Atbara_Shandi line1 220kv 27.088 -8.899 -26.957 -20.255 130.8 -29153.5 105.3 104.4 0.96
Atbara_Atbara Disturb 0.000 -0.040 0.000 0.000 0.0 -39.8 99.4 99.4 0.01
Atbara_Portsudan line 220 68.845 -39.272 -65.758 -38.675 3087.4 -77946.8 105.3 99.9 5.44
Atbara_Shandi line2 220kv 27.088 -8.899 -26.957 -20.255 130.8 -29153.5 105.3 104.4 0.96
Bageir_Giad line1 -36.109 -24.448 36.276 24.554 167.4 106.1 98.9 99.5 0.57
Kilo X _Bageir line 0.000 -0.895 0.000 0.000 0.2 -895.5 98.9 94.3 0.04
Banat_Mugran line1 43.444 23.091 -43.391 -23.060 52.9 31.0 98.2 97.9 0.29
Banat_Omdrman line2 51.873 27.138 -51.756 -26.951 116.5 186.3 98.2 97.6 0.54
Gamouia_Banant Line2 -125.329 -6.641 126.822 11.832 1492.9 5190.9 98.2 99.7 1.51
Banat_Omdrman line1 51.873 27.138 -51.756 -26.951 116.5 186.3 98.2 97.6 0.54
Bannat_Mugran line 2 43.444 23.091 -43.391 -23.060 52.9 31.0 98.2 97.9 0.29
Gamouia_Banant Line1 -125.329 -6.641 126.822 11.832 1492.9 5190.9 98.2 99.7 1.51
Bashayer-Portsudan Line 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0.0 99.2 99.2 0.00
Merwie_Markit line2 500kv 337.500 -160.734 -333.563 -197.488 3936.9 -358222.6 106.7 99.7 2.03
Merwie_Markiatline1 500kv 337.500 -160.734 -333.563 -197.488 3936.9 -358222.6 106.7 104.7 2.03
Gadaref 1 0.032 3.602 0.115 -42.683 146.5 -39081.4 102.9 95.7 2.83
Gadaref 2 0.115 -42.683 0.032 3.602 146.5 -39081.4 95.7 102.9 2.70
123
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
Vd
% Drop
ID MW Mvar MW Mvar kW kvar From To in Vmag
Shendi_shendiDistribution 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.005 0.0 -5.3 99.3 99.3 0.00
Asalaia_Rabak line 29.665 3.808 -29.598 -3.642 66.9 166.0 105.0 104.7 0.31
-0.268 -19.629 1.3 -34439.2 102.1 101.9 0.26
Dongola_Wawa line1 220kv 0.270 -14.810
102.1 99.6 2.53
19.201 -43.956 265.1 -63135.9
MeroweHYD_Donglaline2 220 -18.936 -19.180
12.0 -28834.6 102.1 102.1 0.03
-12.751 7.365 -16.083
ElDaebba_Dongola line 220 -7.353
-27.786 132.062 22.128 1452.9 -5657.6 100.1 102.1 2.01

Garri_Eid Babkir line2 -130.609
-35.029 156.109 33.652 1038.8 -1376.8 100.1 101.4 1.28

Kabashi_Eid babikir Line2 -155.070
1070.9 2050.9 100.1 99.6 0.56

kilo_Eid Babkir line1 220 234.908 13.015 -233.837 -10.964
37.705 22.124 -37.588 -22.204 116.3 -79.9 100.4 99.6 0.77

EZBA_Eid babikir Line1
11.620 8.377 -12.164 14.0 -543.4 100.4 100.1 0.26

KHN_Eid Babkir line1 220 -8.363
-130.609 -27.786 132.062 22.128 1452.9 -5657.6 100.1 102.1 2.01

Garri_Eid Babkir line 1
156.109 33.652 1038.8 -1376.8 100.1 101.4 1.28

Kabashi_Eid babikir Line1 -155.070 -35.029
124
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
Vd
% Drop
kilo_Eid Babkir line 220 234.908 13.015 -233.837 -10.964 1070.9 2050.9 100.1 99.6 0.56
EZBA_Eid babikir Line2 37.705 22.124 -37.588 -22.204 116.3 -79.9 100.4 99.6 0.77
KHN_Eid Babkir line2 220 -8.363 11.620 8.377 -12.164 14.0 -543.4 100.4 100.1 0.26
ELobeiad_UMRwaba line2 -23.083 -32.786 23.234 5.444 151.4 -27342.0 103.1 105.1 1.91
ElDaebba_Merowe line 220 -23.441 6.987 23.652 -34.209 211.7 -27222.0 102.1 100.2 1.88
ALFao_Gadaref line1 -4.408 -0.049 4.451 -2.191 42.9 -2239.8 99.1 99.7 0.65
Meringan_FAO line 1 -0.574 -0.942 0.575 -1.335 0.8 -2277.5 99.1 99.1 0.07
OldGdarif_NewGadaref line 0.068 -1.295 -0.067 -1.012 0.1 -2307.0 99.7 99.7 0.02
Hawatta_Gdarif line1 220 -35.493 -8.812 35.656 -11.276 162.6 -20087.6 102.9 103.3 0.40
Hawatta_Gdarif line2 220 -35.493 -8.812 35.656 -11.276 162.6 -20087.6 102.9 103.3 0.40
Gamouia_GebalAulia line 1 74.357 -18.973 -74.055 13.146 302.3 -5826.4 98.8 98.8 0.01
Gomauia_Markhiat line 1 -211.438 2.392 213.721 0.827 2282.5 3218.4 98.8 99.9 1.05
Gamouia_GebalAulia line 2 69.466 -54.262 -69.079 48.758 387.6 -5503.9 98.8 99.7 0.84
Gomauia_Markhiat line 2 -211.438 2.392 213.721 0.827 2282.5 3218.4 98.8 99.9 1.05
Freezonej_Garri line2 71.747 -25.597 -71.709 24.732 38.3 -864.9 102.1 102.2 0.03
FreeZone_Garri line1 71.747 -25.597 -71.709 24.732 38.3 -864.9 102.1 102.2 0.03
Gebel Aulia_Magirus Line2 79.753 12.880 -78.358 -9.194 1395.1 3685.9 100.7 98.0 2.68
Gebel Aulia_Magirus Line1 79.753 12.880 -78.358 -9.194 1395.1 3685.9 100.7 98.0 2.68
GebelAulia_Mashkour line2 26.217 -70.131 -25.602 52.778 614.8 -17352.4 98.8 102.3 3.48
Giad_Gebel Aulia 1 220 kv -51.833 -12.993 51.975 6.603 141.7 -6389.7 98.8 99.3 0.48
GebelAulia_Mashkour line1 28.484 -57.702 -28.052 39.356 431.7 -18345.9 99.7 102.3 2.63
Giad_Gebel Aulia 2 220 kv -46.524 23.368 46.669 -29.804 144.9 -6435.5 99.7 99.3 0.37
Genaid_Newhashisa2 110kv -13.510 -7.442 13.528 6.817 18.1 -625.5 100.0 100.3 0.33
Genaid_Newhashisa 110kv -13.510 -7.442 13.528 6.817 18.1 -625.5 100.0 100.3 0.33
Giad_NEW-Hasahisa Line 1 -3.091 -1.674 3.112 -0.713 21.0 -2387.1 99.5 100.3 0.79
Giad_Newhashisa line1 220 84.714 -10.745 -83.751 4.572 963.2 -6173.1 99.3 98.7 0.58
kilo10_Giad Line2 -158.363 24.847 160.133 -21.287 1769.7 3560.8 99.3 99.6 0.25
Giad_Newhashisa line2 220 84.714 -10.745 -83.751 4.572 963.2 -6173.1 99.3 98.7 0.58
kilo10_Giad Line1 -158.363 24.847 160.133 -21.287 1769.7 3560.8 99.3 99.6 0.25
Singa_Hawatta line1 -35.657 11.255 35.856 -29.331 199.0 -18075.5 103.3 102.6 0.68
125
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
Vd
% Drop
Singa_Hawatta line1220kv -35.657 11.255 35.856 -29.331 199.0 -18075.5 103.3 102.6 0.68
KHN_Izergab line1 220 -39.687 -22.774 39.828 22.744 140.4 -29.2 99.2 100.1 0.87
Mahadia_Izergab line2 220 0.000 -0.392 0.000 0.000 0.0 -391.8 99.2 94.5 0.00
KHN_Izergab line2 220 -39.687 -22.774 39.828 22.744 140.4 -29.2 99.2 100.1 0.87
Mahadia_Izergab line1 220 0.000 -0.392 0.000 0.000 0.0 -391.8 99.2 94.5 0.00
Kabashi_Free zone Line1 -84.135 -20.258 84.472 14.770 336.9 -5487.5 101.4 102.2 0.76
Kabashi_Free Zone Line2 -84.135 -20.258 84.472 14.770 336.9 -5487.5 101.4 102.2 0.76
Merkhiat_Kabashi line 2 -145.672 -51.559 145.756 11.041 83.7 -40518.9 104.5 104.7 0.18
KH-North_KuKu line 1 86.437 53.236 -86.292 -52.303 145.5 933.7 100.1 99.4 0.72
KH-North_Kuku Line 2 86.437 53.236 -86.292 -52.303 145.5 933.7 100.1 99.4 0.72
KH-East_Kuku line 2 -161.717 -114.203 162.436 116.933 718.9 2730.8 98.3 99.4 1.12
KuKu_Kilo10 Line 110kv 16.083 18.111 -16.021 -18.567 62.5 -456.5 100.4 99.4 1.00
Local mark_Kilo10 Line2 26.248 -2.256 -26.237 2.152 11.4 -104.4 100.4 100.4 0.03
KuKu_Kilo10 Line2 110kv 16.083 18.111 -16.021 -18.567 62.5 -456.5 100.4 99.4 1.00
Local mark_Kilo10 Line1 26.248 -2.256 -26.237 2.152 11.4 -104.4 100.4 100.4 0.03
Local mark_Magirus line1 -23.126 10.025 23.155 -10.283 28.7 -257.9 98.1 98.0 0.08
Local mark_Magirus line2 -23.126 10.025 23.155 -10.283 28.7 -257.9 98.1 98.0 0.08
Mugran_Magirus Line2 6.745 4.253 -6.740 -4.761 4.2 -508.1 98.0 97.9 0.15
Mugran_Magirus Line1 6.745 4.253 -6.740 -4.761 4.2 -508.1 98.0 97.9 0.15
Mahadia_Merkhiat line 1 -45.170 -32.361 45.257 28.608 87.1 -3752.8 99.4 99.9 0.53
Mahadia_Merkhiat Line 2 -45.170 -32.361 45.257 28.608 87.1 -3752.8 99.4 99.9 0.53
Merngan_managle line110kv -24.042 -7.323 24.478 6.166 436.3 -1157.4 96.3 99.1 2.88
Mashkour_Rabak line 1 22.641 -48.085 -22.385 28.005 255.5 -20080.3 102.3 104.3 2.01
Mashkour TR3 110 KV 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.5 95.2 0.00
Mashkour_Rabak line 2 22.641 -48.085 -22.385 28.005 255.5 -20080.3 102.3 104.3 2.01
Mashkour TR4110 KV 8.368 3.974 -8.364 -3.859 3.4 115.5 99.5 94.6 0.56
NEW_Old hashisa 2 110 kv 1.348 12.974 -0.910 -14.728 438.2 -1753.9 99.1 95.2 3.93
Meringan_Sennar line1 110 11.336 -43.563 -11.123 33.191 212.5 -10372.2 98.7 101.2 2.55
NEWhas_Meringan 1 220kv -54.197 5.258 54.611 -14.274 413.8 -9016.3 98.7 98.7 0.04
Meringan_Sennar line2 110 11.336 -43.563 -11.123 33.191 212.5 -10372.2 98.7 101.2 2.55
NEWhas_Meringan 2 220kv -54.197 5.258 54.611 -14.274 413.8 -9016.3 98.7 98.7 0.04
126
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
Vd
% Drop
MeroweHYD_Merowe line 220 -44.663 23.296 44.834 -30.326 171.4 -7029.9 100.2 99.6 0.61
SennarHYD_MINALSH line -11.764 -1.943 12.056 0.111 292.6 -1832.6 97.1 99.8 2.66
FreeZone_Shandi line 2 -15.417 -40.076 15.574 16.386 157.0 -23689.3 102.2 104.4 2.22
FreeZone_Shandi Line1 -15.417 -40.076 15.574 16.386 157.0 -23689.3 102.2 104.4 2.22
NEW_Old hashisa 1 110 kv 22.198 0.775 -21.147 -1.815 1051.1 -1040.1 100.3 95.2 5.08
Sennar_OldRabak line 1 0.000 0.000 0.007 -3.166 6.9 -3165.9 100.9 100.3 0.53
Mahadai_Omdrman line2 0.000 -0.441 0.000 0.000 0.0 -440.9 97.6 93.0 0.00
Mahadai_Omdrman line1 0.000 -0.441 0.000 0.000 0.0 -440.9 97.6 93.0 0.00
Rabak_Ranak line1 -4.173 -25.908 4.190 -9.663 17.7 -35571.0 104.3 105.2 0.90
Rabak_Tandalti line1 28.658 -30.546 -28.521 12.846 137.0 -17699.5 104.3 105.1 0.77
Rabak_Ranak line2 -4.173 -25.908 4.190 -9.663 17.7 -35571.0 104.3 105.2 0.90
104.6
Roseirs_Ranak line1 -4.190 9.663 4.372 -45.878 181.6 -36215.5 105.2 102.4 2.84
Roseirs_Ranak line2 -4.190 9.663 4.372 -45.878 181.6 -36215.5 105.2 102.4 2.84
RoseiresHY_Rosrires line3 -29.204 32.961 29.210 -33.355 5.2 -393.5 102.4 102.3 0.03
RoseiresHY_Rosrires line4 -29.204 32.961 29.210 -33.355 5.2 -393.5 102.4 102.3 0.03
Roseires_Singa Line 1 49.031 -21.833 -48.368 -0.260 663.1 -22092.3 102.4 102.6 0.24
Roseries TR1 5.006 1.788 -5.003 -1.703 2.5 85.8 102.4 100.1 6.58
RoseiresHY_Rosrires line1 29.210 -33.355 -29.204 32.961 5.2 -393.5 102.3 102.4 0.03
RoseiresHY_Rosrires line2 29.210 -33.355 -29.204 32.961 5.2 -393.5 102.3 102.4 0.03
Roseires_Singa Line 2 49.031 -21.833 -48.368 -0.260 663.1 -22092.3 102.4 102.6 0.24
SennarHyd_Sennar 1 110kv 21.479 -2.493 -21.346 2.328 133.3 -165.9 100.3 99.8 0.53
SennarHY_Singa Line 1 -9.932 -34.863 10.015 28.188 82.9 -6675.2 101.2 102.6 1.37
Sennar-HY_Singa line 2 -9.932 -34.863 10.015 28.188 82.9 -6675.2 101.2 102.6 1.37
UMRawaba_Tandalti line 1 27.401 -13.789 -27.324 -3.061 76.3 -16850.3 105.1 105.1 0.03
UMRwaba_Tandalti line 2 0.007 -17.222 0.000 0.000 7.3 -17221.8 105.1 100.4 0.40
Wadihalfa_Wawa line 220kv -0.119 -30.064 0.144 -11.591 24.9 -41655.0 100.7 101.9 1.20
127
Load Flow Study
Chapter (4)
128

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Chapter (4) Load Flow Study

The Republic of Sudan

Ministry of high education

And Scientific Research

Red sea University

LOAD FLOW STUDY FOR SUDANESE

To the utmost knowledge lighthouse, to our greatest and most honored

To the spring that never stops giving, to our mothers

To the big hearts our dear fathers.

To those who have demonstrated to us what is the most beautiful of life

3.3 flow result in Sudan Transmission Lines 24

4.3.2 Newton-Raphson (NR) 32

4.3.3 Decoupled load flow solution 36

4.3.4 Fast decoupled load flow solution 37

4.4 Running a Load Flow Analysis 37

4.5 Load Flow Results 41

5.2 Voltage Control Methods 71

5.2.2 Voltage Control by Tap changing in transformers 73

5.2.2.1 Off load tap changing voltage control 73

5.2.2.2 On-Load tap changing voltage control 73

5.2.3 Voltage Control by Shunt reactors 73

5.2.4 Voltage Control by Shunt Capacitors 74

5.2.5 Voltage Control by Static Shunt Compensation 74

5.2.6 Voltage Control by Synchronous Condensers 75

5.2.7 Voltage Control by Series Capacitors 75

5.3 Estimate the difference between the actual and ideal 76

5.3.1 Algirba Substation 76

5.3.2 Port Sudan Substation 78

Table Number Title Page

Figure Title Page

Picture transmission line as elementary

Algirba Substation in critical voltage value

1925 Establishing the Sudanese Light and Energy Company.

1956 Establishing the first steam power plant in Burri.

1962 Establishing the first hydroelectric power station in Sennar with

1982 Electricity and water services were separated establishing the

National Electricity Corporation.

2009 The power generation design capacity of on-grid plants reached

1238.6 MW and the off-grid power stations reached 151.6 MW

1250 MW Added to the national network to contribute 60% from

2016 Um-Dabakir thermal plant. Located in Kosti, 300 Km from

Khartoum with 500 MW added to the national network.

2016 Total electricity energy in national Sudanese network 3.54 GW.

During construction of generating station number of factors to be considered from economical

o Study and analysis actual flowing power in Sudan transmission grid.

1.5 Thesis lay-out:

The thesis is organized as follow:

Chapter Six: it contains Conclusions, Recommendations and Reference.

2.2 Electrical Substations Equipments:

2.2.1 Electrical Power transformers:

2.2.2 Bus bars:

2.2.6 Instrument and protection transformers:

2.2.6.1 Current Transformer:

2.2.6.2 Potential Transformer:

2.2.7 Circuit Breakers:

2.2.8 Earth Switch:

2.2.9 Isolators or Disconnecting Switches:

2.2.10 Surge arrestors:

2.2.11 Capacitor banks:

2.2.12. Static VAR Compensator:

2.3 Electrical Substations Insulated:

2.3.3 Gas Insulated Substations GIS:

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.

3.2 Transmission Substations in Sudan: