National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and
Structures (NCRACCESS-2015)
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FLYOVER
Kavitha.N1, Jaya kumari.R1, Jeeva.K1, Bavithra.K1, Kokila.K2.
1
Student, 2Assistant professor in Department of Civil Engineering,
Bharathiyar Institute of Engineering for Women, Deviyakurichi, Salem.
ABSTRACT
Our project deals with the Design of a
grade separator in an intersection. The location is
at four roads junction at SALEM town, which is
facing major traffic problems due to the
construction. We have done a traffic survey and
designed all the structural parts for this grade
separator.
The grade separator is of 640 m length with 21
spans, 20m per span. It consists of a deck slab,
longitudinal girders, cross girders, deck beam,
pier and foundation. Structural design of one span
was made for all the above components.
Slab is designed by Working stress method as
per the recommendation of IRC:21-2000, Clause
304.2.1. Cantilever slab is designed for maximum
moment due to cantilever action. Longitudinal
girders are designed by Courbons method. Cross
girders are designed mainly for stiffness to
longitudinal girders. Elastomeric reinforced
bearing plate is used.
The deck beam is designed as a cantilever on a
pier. The Pier is designed for the axial dead load
and live load from the slab, girders, deck beam.
Foundation designed as footing for the safe load
bearing in the soil. All the elements are designed
by using M25
grade concrete and Fe415grade steel. Designs are
based on Working stress and Limit state method
as per IRC: 21-2000 and IS: 456-2000.
OBJECTIVE
The project area is having very high density
of traffic flow. The public felt inconvenient to
cross the busy Salem-krishnagiri highways &
therefore the flyover is essentially required at the
junction.
For easy traffic flow of agricultural goods
and industrial goods without traffic congestion
flyover or over bridges is essential to overcome
the traffic congestion required.
ISSN: 2348 8352 www.internationaljournalssrg.org
Our project deals with the Design of a
grade separator in an intersection. The location
is at four roads junction at SALEM town, which
is facing major traffic problems due to the
construction.
We have done a traffic survey and
designed all the structural parts for this grade
separator.
All the drawings are drafted by Auto-
CAD 2013 and analysis by STAAD pro vis8.
I. INTRODUCTION
Present trend of development:
Our nation being primarily an
agricultural country. 90% of population is
depending upon it and 10% of population
depending upon industrial activities. For
conveying the product materials such as food
grains, industrial goods the roads are essential.
The roads and bridges are very important for
growth of economy of the country. Now our
country is being developed by developing roads
and bridges.
Types of roads and bridges:
In our country there are so many types of
roads are being constructed,
1) Cart roads
2) Minor district roads
3) Major district roads
4) Sate highway roads
5) National highways roads
Accordingly the culverts bridges,
flyover, are being constructed as mentioned
below,
For small cart road and minor district
roads, small culverts bridges, small flyover are
constructed with minimum class A load. For
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 National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and
Structures (NCRACCESS-2015)
major district road, state highway road, national
highway roads, major bridges and flyovers are
being constructed for easy flow traffic. The
flyover or over bridges are to be designed Class
A loading and AA loading.
Necessity of flyover or over bridges:
For easy traffic flow of agricultural
goods and industrial goods without traffic
congestion flyover or over bridges is essentially
to overcome the traffic congestion required.
Traffic censes:
For designing any bridges or flyover the
traffic censes is essential to ascertain the traffic
censes we have to observe the vehicles censes.
Selection of site:
1) The following points are the guiding
factors for selection of suitable site,
2) The roads are crossing
perpendicular to each other.
3) The site should have more traffic
congestion.
4) The availability of men and
materials are to be ascertained
Selection of types of flyover:
We have to select types of flyover
according to traffic censes
Land acquisition:
If the highways or government
promboke land are not available at site the
private land to be acquired for construction of
our bridges.
Benefit cost ratio:
The annual cost of above ratio is
calculated by taking 10% of interest at 1% of
depreciation on the incurred expenditure of the
project and administrative expenses of the
project. Now the ratio between the cost networks
overcomes of indirect income such that road tax
is to be calculated for reasonable periods. For
any project these ratio should be 1:1
Estimate:
ISSN: 2348 8352 www.internationaljournalssrg.org
The cost of the project includes
expenditure on various items from planning to
the yearly maintenance up to the end of useful
life of the project. Generally they are,
1) Cost of preliminary survey
2) Cost of acquisition of land
3) Cost of various structure
4) Maintenance cost
5) Operation cost
6) Cost of tools and plants
7) Cost of establishment of construction.
Location:
Construction of a flyover across salem-
Krishnagiri road in Salem town. The length of
flyover 40m and length of approaches is 600m.
The total length of flyover is 640m and width of
8m.
The component of the project:
This project is consist of main deck slab,
deck beam, piers, girders, foundation, handrails,
wings of slope is 1 in 30. Soil available is clay
mixed with gravel. The bearing capacity of soil
is 245 kN/m. The width of road is 8m, length of
deck is 40m, c/c of pier is 20m, cross beam as
also being placed at 4m c/c. The dia of pier is
1.2m.
Design and drawings:
By adopting the AA loading and being
capability of soil the foundation as been
designed. The piers, wings, decks slab, main
beams and crossbeams are designed suitably.
II.TRAFFIC SURVEY
Traffic survey was made on 06.01.2015, in
the project site from 6.00 pm to7.00 pm. This
time was selected on the basic of the past traffic
study as an average of peak hour. All the four
arms of the site was observed and the number of
vehicles passed was converted to PCUs
(Passenger car unit).
TRAFFIC PROJECTION:
The passenger car unit of a vehicle type
has been found to be depends up on the size, and
speed of the vehicle type and environment. They
are not dependent on the flow and road width.
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 National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and
Structures (NCRACCESS-2015)
As per IRC: 92-2000, the traffic volume limit is
10000PCUs/hour. The capacity of junction was
estimated at 6547 PCSs / hour. The design
period is taken as 30 years. One year would be
taken for the construction. So traffic is
projection. So traffic is projected for 32 years,
and then the design is made and it was 11068.
III.PRELIMINARY DESIGN:
Clear road way = 8 m
Assume five T-beams spaced at 2.5m c/c
Width of bearing (assumed) = 0.8 m
Effective span of T- beam = 20 m
Assume cross beams at 4 m centers.
M20 grade concrete according to IS : 456-2000
and Fe415 steel confirming to IS : 432-1982 will
be used.
IV.DESIGN OF DECK SLAB
Slab is supported on the four sides by the beams.
Thickness of the slab = 250 mm
Thickness of the wearing coat = 80 mm
Span in transverse direction = 2.5 m c/c
Span in longitudinal direction = 4 m c/c
Max.BM. Due to dead load:
Total weight = 8.2KN/m2
Total dead load = 57.646KN
Moment along longer span = 0.992KNm
Moment along shorter span = 2.85KNm
Class AA loading track located for Max. BM
on deck slab.
Track contact length taken from IRC:6-1996
bridge code section II
BM. along shorter span = 31.18KNm
BM. along longer span = 10.32KNm
Live load BM due to IRC class AA wheeled
vehicle:
BM. Due to wheel 1:
BM. along shorter span = 16.28KNm
BM. along longer span = 13.21KNm
BM. Due to wheel 2:
Net BM along shorter span = 0.690KNm
Net BM along longer span = 0.37KNm
BM. Due to wheel 3:
Net BM along shorter span = 4.58KNm
Net BM along longer span = 4.01KNm BM
due to wheel 4:
ISSN: 2348 8352 www.internationaljournalssrg.org
Net BM along shorter span = 17.15KNm
Net BM along longer span = 3.05KNm
BM due to wheel 5:
Net BM along shorter span = 17.15KNm
Net BM along longer span = 3.05KNm
BM due to wheel 6:
Net BM along shorter span = 8.92KNm
Net BM along longer span = 1.59KNm
Total BM along shorter span = 67.18KNm
Total BM along longer span = 54.26KNm
Design of BM
Design BM along shorterspan= 84.046KNm
Design BM along longer span = 66.30KNm
Reinforcement
Shorter span:
Use 16mm dia bars at 120mm c/c spacing as
main reinforcement.
Longer span:
Use 16mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c.
Cantilever slab design
Moment due to unit load:
Total max. moment due to dead load =
18.33KNm
Moment due to live load:
Max. moment due to live load= 55.73KNm
Reinforcement:
Total moment due to DL.&LL. =
111.84KNm
Area of main reinforcement:
Provide 16mm dia bars at 110mm c/c
BM for distribution reinforcement:
Use 12mm dia bars at 220mm c/c
Design of cross beam
Dead load for design:
Total slab load = 6.25KN/m2
Total load of cross beam = 11.88KN/m
BM at a distance 1.475 = 16.28KNm Check
for shear:
Shear stress, v = 1.56N/mm2
From table 19 of IS456:2000 for Pt value
Nominal shear stress c =3.1N/mm2
v < c
Hence safe.
V.DESIGN OF FOOTING
Axial load = 5000 kN
S.B.C. of Soil, q0 = 245 kN/m
Angle of repose, = 30
Weight of soil, We = 20 kN/m
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 National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and
Structures (NCRACCESS-2015)

Concrete grade = M20 The Deck slab is designed by using IRC:6-2000

Steel grade = Fe 415 codal provisions.
Load:
Load of column = 5000kN Here after in futher we have to consider
Self weight = 500kN the analysis, longitudinal girder, estimation,
Total load = 5500 kN steel requirement and cost of Analysis and
Reinforcement: Design of flyover.
Ast = 6378.82 mm
Provide 28mm dia bars at 90mm c/c.
Check for shear:
c = 3.1 N/mm
v = 2.05 N/mm EXISTING PROFILE
v < c
KRISHNAGIRI
Hence safe. SALEM

VI.DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL:

16000.00

Height of embankment above ground level

= 4.4m All dimention are in mm

Unit weight of soil 12000.00

= 20 kN/m
Angle of response
= 30
Safe bearing capacity of soil TRAFFIC FLOW AFTER CONSTRUCTION
= 245 kN/m
Co-efficient of friction
= 0.5
Use M25 concrete and Fe415steel
SALEM KRISHNAGIRI
Design of toe slab:
Provide 16mm dia bars at 220mm c/c
Design of Shear key:
Provide 16mm dia bars at 200mm c/c. 8000.00

VII. CONCLUSION 16000.00 All dimenstion are in mm

In this project traffic survey was conducted to

know the hourly Passenger Car Unit (HPCU) at
FOUR ROADS Intersection, SALEM. From
survey the value of HPCU of the intersection is
6547, by considering future taking the design
period of 30 years, the value of HPCU is found
65273. From the above result it is proposed a
grade separator at that round about.
In this grade separator the main
components consists of Deck slab, longitudinal
girder, Cross girder, Bearing plate, Pier and
Foundation. The geometric design of the grade
separator was done by using IRC Code Books.
12000.00
REFERENCES
1) K.S.RAKSHIT, Design and Construction of
Highway Bridges New Central Book Agency, Kolkata.
2) JAYARAM,T.R. JAGADEESH AND M.A.
Design of Bridge Structures Prentice Hall of India
Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi
3) D.JOHNSON VICTOR, Essentials of Bridge
Engineering Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

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 National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and
Structures (NCRACCESS-2015)
4) C.S. PAPACOSTAS, Fundamentals of
Transportation Engineering Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi.
5) IRC 21-2000 STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION II
Cement Concrete (Plain
and Reinforced)
6) IRC 5-2000 STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION I - General
Features of
Design
7) IRC 6-2000 STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION II - Loads
and Stresses
8) IRC 78-2000 STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES SECTION VII
(Foundation And
Substructure)
9) IS 456-2000 PLAIN AND
REINFORCED CONCRETE CODE OF
PRACTICE
10) PERUMAL R.VAIDYANATHAN AND
P. Structural Analysis-Volume II Lakshmi Publications
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
11) KRISHNA RAJU,N. Structural Design &
Drawing Reinforced Concrete and Steel Universities Press
12) Treasure of R.C.C. Designs SUSHIL
KUMAR

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