Perspective Projection

Perspective Projection

During the Renaissance artists became interested in making two-

dimensional artwork look three-dimensional.

Renaissance- (1450-1600): The Renaissance began in Italy and spread

through Northern Europe. Art, Science, and Literature grew during this
time.
 Perspective Projection

Many of the earlier works

artists created showed little
depth.
 Perspective Projection

Artists used mathematics and close observation to invent linear perspective.

Linear perspective allows artists to trick the eye into seeing depth on a flat surface.
The Illusion of Perspective
The Illusion of Perspective
 The Illusion of Perspective

Which man is the largest??

 Perspective
A perspective drawing closely resembles what the eye
can actually see. It is an accurate 3D drawing.

Objects that are the same size

appear smaller in the distance
almost like an optical illusion.
(Father Ted)

Examples are the fence posts in the distance. They

appear smaller in the distance although the are the
same size.
Height of
Spectators
Spectator 1 Height of
Spectator 2
Line of Vision

Line of Vision
 Spectator

Cone of
Vision
Cone of
Vision
Line of Vision
 The horizon line is a line on the picture plane at the eye level of the spectator.

Horizon line
Horizon line below the object.

Horizon line

Horizon line Horizon line above the object.

 Terms Used In Perspective Drawing
Picture Plane Spectators View

Centre line of vison

Spectator Elevation

Centre line
of vison

Plan

Picture Plane
 The Cone Of Vision

If you look straight ahead you

will see things in focus but
objects over to one side will not
be clear unless you turn your
head.

Similarly in perspective this area

exists which is 30 to the centre
line of vision.
 The Cone Of Vision

Distorted
Vison in focus
30
Spectator Centre line of vison
30
Distorted Ground line

Distorted
Vison in focus
30
Spectator Centre line of vison
30

Distorted
The Picture Plane
 The Picture Plane
As with all projection systems the image is projected onto a plane.

The picture plane can be positioned in three areas;

Between the spectator and the object.

Passing through the object.
Behind the object.
Spectator
The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is positioned between the spectator and the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is passing through the object

Spectator
Spectator
The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator
The Picture Plane is behind the object

Spectator
One Point Perspective
 One Point Perspective

Horizontal lines remain Horizontal.

Vertical lines remain Vertical.

The Orthogonal lines formed from the corners diverge to the

vanishing point.
One Point Perspective
 One Point Perspective
CAT
Vanishing Point

Horizon Line

Orthaganol Lines
 One Point Perspective
Horizon Line

Ground Line

Picture Plane

Spectator
One Point Perspective
One Point Perspective
One Point Perspective
One Point Perspective
 Two Point Perspective

Horizon Line
VP 1 VP 2
 Two Point Perspective

Horizon Line

VP 1

Ground

VP 2

Spectator Picture Plane

Two Point Perspective
Two Point Perspective
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 VP2
Horizon Line
VP1 VP2
Horizon Line
VP1 VP2
Horizon Line
VP1 VP2
Horizon Line
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
VP1 Horizon Line VP2
 VP 1

VP 2
Spectator
Inclined Lines In Perspective
 Vanishing Points of Inclined Lines
VP 3 VP 1 VP 4 VP 2 Horizon
Line

Ground
Line

Picture
Plane

Spectator
Auxiliary Vanishing Points
 Picture Plane
VP 3

Horizon Line

VP 1

Ground

VP 2
Spectator
 Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Elevation

Plan
Picture Plane

VP 3
Spectator

Horizon Line VP 1 VP 2

Ground Line
 Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

True Angle True Angle

x y
 Finding Auxiliary Vanishing Points

Picture Plane
Insert True Angle
Insert True Angle AVP

Spectator
AVP
Height 2
Horizon Line VP 1 VP 2

Ground Line
Finding Auxiliary
Vanishing Points
Aux VP 1

Picture Plane VP 1 VP 2

A
B Height 1

VP 1 S
H.L VP 2

A B Height 2

Aux VP 2

Ground Line
 Curves & Circles in Perspective
When circles and curves are drawn in plan, you may use a compass to
ensure accuracy.
When drawn in perspective views, you must approximate circles and curved
forms using reference points based on straight lines and from angles that
can be measured accurately.
Circles are the basis for a variety of more complex forms such as
cones, cylinders and spheres.

Being able to see these circles within these various forms as an

indispensible aid to reproducing them.
VP 1 CVP Horizon Line VP 2

Irregular Ellipse
Curves & Circles
In Perspective
30
Picture Plane
VP 1 VP 2

S
Horizon Line
VP 1 VP 2

Ground Line
Elevation
 Worksheets

Questions and Solutions

Past Questions

Leaving Certificate