Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Finite: present tense and past tense verb forms + all combinations
which involve a present or past tense verb form, or a modal. All
modals are finite.
will/would have been doing She will/would have been working hard.
past participle: it was Bach's only work written for five instruments.
To declare that fat is not harmful for you, in this obsessive low-
fat, no-fat age, is surely heresy. So, when I tuned in to Rick Stein's
new primetime television series, Food Heroes, it was a little
surprising to see himfryingupafattyporkchop and tellingviewers, don't be
scared of fat, it tastes good and it's very good for you.
And there was more. He said that people have been telling us
to cut off the fat and discard it for too long, that there's no need,
that fat is healthy. Was Stein, primarily known as a fish expert,
confusing animal fat with fish oils? Absolutely not. You see, over the
past five years, the "low fat equals healthy diet" advice has started
to seem less convincing.
I ADJECTIVAL
II ADVERBIAL
III NOMINAL
13. They were unhappy about playing two games in three days.
(compl. of prep.)
The girl who is/was playing that piano must be tone deaf.
17. Walking along the lake before breakfast, Mr. Podger had seen the
sunrise.
When/Because he (had) walked / While he was walking
18. Having made the round, he walked out.
Infinitive clauses
19. Mr Logan called for action to be taken to inform the public of the dangers.
UNDERSTOOD/EXPRESSED SUBJECT:
27. A spring tide caused the sea to come in much faster than usual.
Past participle clauses
30. Mustard cream, used as alternate dip for franks and pineapple
tidbits, tastes best when served at room temperature. (non-
restrictive)
31. One of Britain's rarest bugs, never before seen in Scotland, has
been found in an ancient woodland in Fife. (non-restrictive)
ADVERBIAL FUNCTION
32. (When) asked about his opinion, he complained about the poor
service.
33. Seen from the side, the dog's forehead is sharply set off from the
bridge of the nose.
-ing participle clauses
NOMINAL FUNCTION
34. Julius Cesar is about learning to cope with the fallout of betrayal.
38. I asked an old guy running a fishing station if the boat was
Moore's.
ADVERBIAL FUNCTION
39. (While) running across the field I saw a beautiful horse. (adjunct)
-ING CO-ORDINATION
41. He returned and closed the front door, making sure it was
unlocked.
42. We play a fun game, trying to remember the days coaching tips.
43. Most people have left early to avoid the rush hour, meaning
there are only 18 people taking part in the end-of-weekend mixed
doubles tournament.
Verbless clauses
48. Being a good and persuasive talker is a must for sales work.
50. It'll be nice having a picnic together, just the two of us.
51. It is important to read the label to know exactly what the product
is.
73. He reached out for the bath towel hanging on the towel rack
over the tub.
76. Turning, the girl saw David standing there, his arms hanging long
and resigned.
77. Strictly speaking the clerk belongs neither to the middle class
nor to the working class. (disjunct understood subject =
speaker)
79. * When absent through illness, the company pays you your full
salary for six months.
When absent through illness you will be paid your full salary for six months
(by the company).