An Urban Base Study of Media and Tourism and Hospitality - Afghanistan - Dec, 09

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled
National Skills Development Programme
An Urban Based Study of Labour Supply and Demand,

and
Public Opinion, Covering
the
Media, Tourism and Hospitality Sectors
Dec, 2009
Table of Contents
FORWAD.................................................................................................................... 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 6
1. A) Media Sector ......................................................................................................... 6
Employment ...................................................................................................................... 6
Programming and publication ........................................................................................... 6
Source of Finance ............................................................................................................. 6
Skills Demand ................................................................................................................... 7
Recruitment Method ......................................................................................................... 7
Salary by job type ............................................................................................................. 7
1. B) Public Opinion on Media Sector ........................................................................... 7
2. A) Travel and Tourism Sector .......................................................................................... 7
Employment ...................................................................................................................... 7
Skills Demand in travel/tourism sector ............................................................................. 8
Salary by job type ............................................................................................................. 8
2. B) Tourist Opinions .......................................................................................................... 8
3. A) Hotels and Guesthouses ........................................................................................ 9
Employment ...................................................................................................................... 9
Room Service .................................................................................................................... 9
Business marketing method .............................................................................................. 9
Skills Demand ................................................................................................................... 9
Salary by job type ........................................................................................................... 10
3. B) Hotel Client Assessment ..................................................................................... 10
THE STUDY LIMITATIONS AND METHODOLOGY..................................................... 11
Sampling source for the study............................................................................................. 11
a) Media survey........................................................................................................... 11
b. Media Opinion Poll ................................................................................................. 11
c) The Tourist Companies Survey .............................................................................. 12
Tourist Opinion Poll ....................................................................................................... 12
Hotels & Guesthouses survey ......................................................................................... 12
Hotel clients' survey ........................................................................................................ 12
SAMPLING AND SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION................................................................. 12
WEIGHING ........................................................................................................................ 13
Random selection ............................................................................................................ 13
Questionnaires................................................................................................................. 13
Training of Surveyors ..................................................................................................... 13
Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 14
Quality Control ............................................................................................................... 14
Visual Check ................................................................................................................... 14
Phone check .................................................................................................................... 14
Database Cleaning .......................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................... 15
PRINT AND BROADCAST MEDIA SECTOR .............................................................. 15
Print and Broadcast Media ................................................................................... 16
1.1 The Ownership Status of Media Sector .................................................................. 16
1.2 Average Salary of Employees by Job Role in Print Media ................................ 17
1.3 Average Salary and Percentage of Employees by Job Type in Broadcast Media
18
1.4 Employment by Gender and Nationality in Media Sector .................................. 19
1.5 Employment status in Media Sector ................................................................... 20
1.6 Demands for Hiring Foreigners .......................................................................... 20
1.7 Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants ........................................ 21
1.8 Employment level over the last 12 months ......................................................... 23
1.9 Percentage of Programming in Broadcast Media ............................................... 24
1.10 Percentage of contents/Articles in Print Media .................................................. 24
1.11 Source of finance in media sector ....................................................................... 25
1.12 Recruitment method in Media sector ...................................................................... 28
1.13 Skills demand in Media Sector ............................................................................... 29
Section 1B ........................................................................................................................... 30
1.14 Media Opinion Poll ................................................................................................. 30
1.14.1 For news and entertainment available facilities at home ................................ 30
1.14.2 Favourite programs ......................................................................................... 30
1.14.5 Public satisfaction from entertainments on TV & Radio ................................ 32
1.14.6 Source of general news and information ........................................................ 33
1.14.7 Time range for spending in mass media source .............................................. 34
1.14.8 Pubic assessments about media coverage of news and public issues ............. 36
CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................... 37
TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR .............................................................................. 37
1. Travel Agencies and Tourist Companies .................................................................... 38
2.1 Job distribution and average salary in tourism sector ......................................... 38
2.2 Employment by gender and nationality ............................................................. 39
2.3 Employment level over the last 12 months in .................................................... 40
2.4 Degree of difficulty in finding qualified applicants ........................................... 40
2.5 Skills demand in tourism sector ......................................................................... 42
2.6 Travel/Tourism Sector Services ......................................................................... 43
2.7 Tourist company/travel agencies ........................................................................ 43
2.8 Percentage of Local and Foreign Customers ..................................................... 44
2.9 Average Customer Served per Year. ................................................................. 44
Section 2B ........................................................................................................................... 45
Tourist Opinion Poll ........................................................................................................... 45
2.9.1 Tourists Education Profile ............................................................................. 45
2.9.2 Tourists by age group...................................................................................... 45
2.9.3 Difficulties in organizing tours ...................................................................... 46
2.9.3 Way of organizing trip .................................................................................... 46
2.9.5 Tourist Opinions for Recommending Tourist Places..................................... 47
2.9.6 Tour expenditure ............................................................................................ 47
2.9.8 Best Season for Tourism ................................................................................. 48
2.9.9 Tourist Opinions for Tourism Development.................................................. 49
2.9.10 Source of information about tourist places ..................................................... 49
CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................. 50
HOSPITALITY SECTOR .............................................................................................. 50
3.1 2Hotels and Guesthouses ........................................................................................ 51
Employment and average salary by job type in Hotels and Guesthouses....................... 51
3.2 Employees Distribution by Gender and Nationality ........................................... 52
3.3 Employment level over the last 12 months ......................................................... 52
3.4 Employment Status in Hospitality Sector .......................................................... 53
3.5 Degree of Difficulties in Finding Qualified Applicants in Hospitality Sector ... 53
3.5 Average Price of Room in Hotel ......................................................................... 55
3.6 Average guest capacity with average guest occupancy rate ............................... 56
3.7 Business marketing way in hospitality sector ..................................................... 56
3.8 Skills Demand in Hospitality Sector ................................................................... 57
Section 3b: Hotel Client ...................................................................................................... 58
3.8.1 Purpose of staying in hotel ................................................................................. 58
3.8.2 Source of information about hotel ................................................................. 58
3.8.3 Assessment of quality of services of accommodation in the Hotel ............... 59
3.8.4 Available Facilities in Hospitality Sector ....................................................... 60
3.8.5 Value of money for services in Hotels ............................................................ 60
3.8.6 Hotel Clients Assessment from Services ........................................................ 61
Booking System .............................................................................................................. 61
Administration ................................................................................................................ 62
Quality and Quantity of Food ......................................................................................... 62
Quality of Services and Food Presentation ..................................................................... 62
Staff Attitude................................................................................................................... 62
Food Varity ..................................................................................................................... 62
Accommodation and Delivery Timing ........................................................................... 62
Car Parking ..................................................................................................................... 62
References ............................................................................................................. 63
ANNEXES ................................................................................................................. 64
Province wise Data ............................................................................................................. 64
Questionnaires..................................................................................................................... 64
FORWAD
This study was carried out by the Labour Market Information Analysis Unit (LMIAU) with
the technical support of the National Skills Development Programme (NSDP) and financial
support of the World Bank. It was carried out in five provincial capital Cities of Kabul,
Jalalabad, Balkh, Herat and Kandahar with the following objectives:
To study labour supply and demand in media, tourism, and hospitality sectors in Kabul,
Kandahar, Herat, Balkh, and Nangrahar provinces, the five biggest provincial capitals
of Afghanistan.
To obtain public opinions and preferences related to media sector in Afghanistan.
To obtain tourist opinions on tourist facilities, services, source of information, and
perception of value for money.
To obtain hotel clients opinions on provision/services of hospitality sector.
This report will help the planners and policy makers, and business developers with useful
information to improve the sectors in future.
My thanks go to Noor Mohammad Qarqeen, the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs,
Martyrs, and Disabled and to Mohammad Ghaus Bashiri, Deputy Minister of Labour, Social
Affairs, and Martyrs that they supported the study politically.
This study could not have been completed without the commitment and tireless technical
support of Abdul Rahim, National Program Director, Abdul Rahim Nasry National, Program
Coordinator, Steven Vardigans Senior technical Advisor and valuable guidance and
assistance of Khair Mohammad Niru, General Director of Department of Manpower and
Labour Affairs Management, and Mohammad Asif Stanikzai, Monitoring and Evaluation
Manager in every step of survey planning and analysis.
Finally, I wish to recognize contribution of Hameedullah Hamdard, Database Officer for

database configuration and his hard work, and heartily participation of the LMIAU staff in
the whole process of the study.
Jana Gul Hanify
Dec, 2009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. A) Media Sector
Employment
Across the five provincial capitals in the sample studied, 56% media runs by private sector,
34% by public sector, and the remaining 10% owned by NGOs (97% by local and 3% by
international).
Employment level by job type in print media contained 15.4% writers, 10% Managers, 9.4%
Editors, 7.8% Administrators, and 7.8% Reporters.
Employment level by job type in broadcast media contains 10.8% Technical Officers, 8.4%
News Readers, 8% Producers, and 6.9% Marketing Officers, and 6.7% Journalists.
The media sector contains 82.8% male locals, 15.9% female locals, 0.5% male foreigners,
0.8% female foreigners. Full time employment rate was 83%, and part time 17%.
8% employers in media sector demanded for hiring of foreigners. The breakdown of

foreigners demand by skills indicates 35% Journalists, 30% Technical Staff, 20% Managers
and or Administrators and 15% having English Language skill.
40% respondents stated that finding qualified applicants for management positions where
previous experiences are required is quite difficult.
80% employers stated that employment rate in their businesses have remained stable in the
past 12-months, 12% stated that employment rate has grown up in their businesses, and the
remaining 8% stated that employment rate has declined particularly in print media.
Programming and publication
Among the news, entertainment, documentary, religious, science, cultural, political, and
social programmes 35% entertainment and 20% news in broadcast media were identified as
main programmes.
Among the news, entertainment, documentary, religious, science, cultural, political, and
social 25% news contents and 18% political and social contents were identified as main
contents in print media.
Source of Finance
59% financial support of T.V and 53% of Radio comes from advertisements. 38% financial
support of newspapers and 46% of magazines comes from the government. 50% financial
support of cable networks come from the monthly fee of customers, 49% comes from sale of
publications, and 1% from advertisements.
Skills Demand
There was demand for 25 skills in the media sector. The main skills-demand was 16.7% for
designers, 14.8% for computer operators, 12.8% for managers, and 7.1% for reporters.
Recruitment Method
32% recruitment was experienced through director approach of job seekers, 22% from TV
and Radio advertisements and from relevant ministry transfer system in print media, and 19%
internal transfer. The rest 27% recruitment comes from employees and employers referral
system, employment services centers, and directly from training centers.
Salary by job type
The highest average range of salary by job type in print media is the Programme Producers
and Cartoonists (Afs. 17,500) each, Supervisor and Web Designer (Afs. 12,500), Analyst
(Afs. 9,642), and Translators (Afs. 9,772).
In broadcast media average salary for Secretary (Afs. 17,500), IT Officers (Afs. 15,000),
Writers, HR Officers, Graphic Designer (Afs. 12,500) each, Radio Operators, Directors,
Cameramen, Broadcasting Officers and Administrators (Afs. 10,000).
1. B) Public Opinion on Media Sector
34% T.V and 26% Radio were identified as a main facility for news and for entertainments.
The main source of news and information were identified Newspapers (18%) and Radio
(32%).
88% people were satisfied with news and entertainments on Televisions and Radios. 71%
respondents have access to news everyday and 15% have access three times in a week.
25% TV news, 20 % radio news, and 15% friends were identified as a main source of general
news and information.
28% respondents stated that on average they spent less than 1 hour for media coverage and
reading books for leisure, 73% respondents stated that they do not use internet at all. 89%
respondents were satisfied with media coverage of news and entertainments.
2. A) Travel and Tourism Sector

Employment
16.7% Ticket Sellers, 13% Directors, 9.1% Assistants, 8.2% Computer Operators, and 7%
Finance Officers were identified the high level employment by job type in the sector of
tourism. The remaining 47% employment by job type covers Marketing Officers, General
Managers, IT Officers, Guides, Cooks, Clerks, Cleaners, Administrators, and Accountants.
85% employment in travel/tourism sector covers male locals, 10% male foreigners and the
rest 5% female locals and foreigners. 41% respondents reported that finding qualified
applicants for management positions are quite difficult. It was found that employment in
tourism sector is 100% full time. Part time and temporary employment was not found in the
sector.
46% services in tourism sector were identified Ticket Delivery and 37% Ticket Delivery and
Visa Assistance. 9% services cover Ticket Delivery and Tourism Services. The remaining
8% covers Logistic Services.
25% tourist companies provide nature (wild life/camping) and 25% boat tour. 34% were
involved in ticket delivery and visa assistance. The remaining 16% facilitate Culture/Heritage
tours and Nature Adventure (Biking, horse back riding, trekking).
Skills Demand in travel/tourism sector
31.7% Computer Software, 25% English Language Speakers, 10.3% Internet users, 3.5%
VRS (Visitor Registration System) user, and 5.5% Galileo System user were identified as
main skills demand in travel/tourism sector. The remaining 24% skills demand cover
traveling system, ticketing, management, Turkish Air System, Cyber system, marketing
skills, and International Languages.
Salary by job type

As an average the Director positions receives Afs.10,556 per month, Finance Officer receives
Afs. 9,772, Computer Operator, Marketing Officer, and Ticket Seller each Afs, 8,000 on
monthly basis.
2. B) Tourist Opinions
95% of the respondent visitors organized trips by their own, 3% through tour operators, and
the rest 2% through internet and travel agencies. 40% of the respondents mentioned
difficulty in organizing of tours, and 30% mentioned unavailability of information.
97.8% of the respondent tourists recommend tourist places for others as well and the
remaining 2.2% did not recommend the tourist places for other tourists. Over 37.8% of the
respondents suggested provision of more security measures to the tourists.
88% of the respondents identified spring as a best season for tourism in Afghanistan, 8%
mentioned summer and the 4% mentioned fall and winter seasons for tourism.
90% respondents considered friends/relatives and 10% TV and Radio advertisements,

magazines/papers and internet as a best source of information about the tourist places.
The 74.7% respondent tourists were belonging to age groups of (15-34) years, and 15% of
were belonging to age group of (35-44) years and the rest 10.3 were belonging to age group
over 45 years.
22.8% of the respondents were identified illiterate, 27.6% high school graduates, 17.5%
middle school graduates, 11.2 were primary school students, and 19.3% university graduates.
Over 44.8% respondents suggested provision of security measures and reconstruction and
development of the tourist places.
3. A) Hotels and Guesthouses

Employment
The high employment level by job type covers Waiters (40%), Cooks (12%), and Guards
(10%). This sector contains male locals (88%), male foreigners (6%), female locals (5%) and
female foreigners (1%). About (99%) of them are full time and 1% is part time employees.
72% employers in the hospitality sector stated that employment level remained stable. 16%
responded stated that employment level has been declined and 12% said the employment rate
has grown up in the last 12 months. The highest employment rate declined in the sector was
observed in Kandahar.
25% employers stated that finding qualified applicants for management and non management
positions are quit difficult.
Room Service
As an average, the high price of room (Afs. 1,100), middle price (Afs. 700) and low price
Afs. 600 were identified in the combined sample. The highest average of high price of a
room (Afs. 1,800), middle price of a room (Afs. 1,200) and low price of a room (Afs. 1,000)
identified in Kabul. The average guest capacity was identified 80 persons and the average
guest occupancy rate was 22 individuals per night.
Business marketing method
The main business marketing method at national level was Business Cards (30%), T.V
advertisement (17%), Radio and Magazine business marketing 25% each. The main business
marketing method at international level was internet (36%), and Airline Magazine (26.5%).
Skills Demand
Main skills demand in hospitality sector were Cooking (62%), Computer and Behavior skills
6% each, Waiter, Cleaning and Administration skills demand 5% each.
Salary by job type
The average salary for IT Officers and Plumbers was Afs. 17,500. While, in general, the
overall average salary was Afs. 7,500 in the hospitality sector.
3. B) Hotel Client Assessment
34% stay in hotels was related to business, 15% visit friends and families, 13% was related to
tourism, 9% passing through, and the rest 29% was related to students, labourers, travelers,
and treatment purposes.
80% of the hotel customers referenced by previous guests/friends, 7% referenced to

hotel/guest house brochures, and the rest 13% referenced to Tourism Department, Internet,
Taxi Drivers, Incidentally Stumbled, and through sign boards.
43% of the respondent customers stated that the quality of services was average, 37%
respondents stated that the quality of services was good, 14% mentioned the services were
very good, and the rest 6% said that the quality of services were poor.
43% of the hospitality sector has T.V facilities, 42% room services, 8% transportation, and
5% internet facilities.
81% of the hospitality sector respondents reported value of money reasonable, 10% reported
expensive, and the rest 9% report poor against the provision of services.
90% of the respondent hotel clients considered booking system, administration, quality of
food, quantity of food, quality of services, food presentation, staff attitude, food variety,
accommodation, and delivery timing were either good or satisfactory and the rest 10%
respondents said that the above mentioned facilities/services need improvement.
Over 55% of the total respondents asked improvement in car parking facility.
THE STUDY LIMITATIONS AND METHODOLOGY
Due to inappropriate tourism season, time and resource limitations, and insecurity the study
becomes limited to 5 big capitals of Kabul, Kandahar, Herat, Balkh, and Nangrahar
provinces. This study was conducted between the months of February and March, 2009
which is a cool season in Afghanistan; roads are blocked to some provinces due to snow fall.
Financial resources were limited to cover the whole country and implementation time of the
project was limited only to a few months. In addition, insecurity also contributed to limitation
of the geographical coverage of the project.
Even though some provinces such as Bamyan, Kapisa, Badakhshan, and Nuristan absorb
tourists, but due to the above mentioned problems it was decided to limit the study to the 5
provinces. These five provinces are capable to represent the media, tourism, and hospitality
sectors at the country level.
The study methodology covers sampling source for the study, sampling and sample
distribution, weighing, and quality control.
Sampling source for the study

All together, 6 questionnaires were developed for Media, tourism, and hospitality sectors. For
each sector two questionnaires, one for supply and another for demand were developed,
tested, and implemented. The questionnaires were:
a) Media (supply side),
b) Media Opinion poll (demand side),
c) Tourist company (supply side),
d) Tourist opinion (demand side),
e) Hotel and guesthouse (supply side), and
f) Hotel clients (demand side).
a) Media survey
For the media survey Media Directory of AISA, MoIC and NAI was used. Even though the
Print Media Directory was not updated and more than 50% print media centers were either
not active or were moved some where else. This is why the surveyors searched the print
media centers door to door.
b. Media Opinion Poll
For the media opinion poll, the CSO Population Data of 20061 was used. The study was
limited to urban area, therefore, the CSO urban population data was used as a baseline for the
study.
1
Central Statistic Office: Estimated Urban Population (15-64) age group 2006
c) The Tourist Companies Survey
The AISA and Ministry of Information and Culture Tourist Company Directory2 was used
for the tourist companies survey.
Tourist Opinion Poll
The survey team contacted relevant tourist agencies for collection of data and number of
tourists for determination of baseline for the sampling. But, the companies did not provide
reliable information and data to be used as a baseline for the study. Therefore, the surveyors
visited entertainment places of Bagh-e-Babar, Bustan-e-Kabul, Kabul Zoo, Qargha, and
Bagh-e-Zanana in Kabul City.
As an average, 120 visitors per entertainment place were counted. This number was used as
a baseline for sampling of tourists in the rest of the provinces.
Hotels & Guesthouses survey
The AISA and the Ministry of Information and Culture data was used as a baseline for the
study. It was found that the list of hotels was accurate but most of the guesthouses were not
found through the list.
Hotel clients' survey
There was no agency or source to provide reliable data on hotel clients to be used as a
baseline for the hotel clients study. The survey team studied 14 hotels and 10 guesthouses
randomly and found 29 clients as an average at the time of study which was used as a
baseline data for this study.
SAMPLING AND SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION

Using Raosoft sample size calculator with 7% margin of error tolerance which is a common
choice, 95% confidence level and 50% response distribution that gives the largest sample
size was used.
Based on the Raosoft sample size calculator 262 media centers, 750 individual for public
opinion about media, 114 travel and tourist companies, 588 individuals for tourist opinions,
112 hotels and guest houses, 624 individuals as hotel clients were interviewed in this study.
Due to easy access in media sector all TVs and Radios were interviewed except a few that
did not provide information or denied the surveyors access.
2
This is a soft copy provided by AISA updated in 2008.
WEIGHING
Random selection
For random selection lottery system was used for hotels, guest houses, tourist companies, and
print media.
Quota sampling3 method was used in media opinion poll, tourists' opinion poll, and hotel
clients. The media opinion poll was divided into four categories of business owners and
street venders, students and teachers, males and females, public and non government
employees and educated and uneducated covered by the first two categories.
The hotel clients and tourists were divided into male and female categories. Each group was
divided into sub-groups, defined by locals and foreigners and were furthermore divided by
ethnic groups in order to cover all the people.
Based on the defined number, quotas were set for the interviews to be completed in each
group. It was planned and the surveyors were instructed to interview males and females with
equal ratio, but due to cultural limitations in Kandahar, Heart, and Mazar-e-sharif it was
difficult for the surveyors to meet the equal ratio, but in Kabul and Jalalabad the ratio was
met.
Questionnaires
The questionnaires were developed in English language and drafts were circulated among the
key stakeholders such as AISA, Manpower Department, World Bank, and NSDP for
feedback. The feed back was incorporated in the final version and was translated into Pashto
and Dari languages.
The pilot survey was conducted in Kabul City to test the survey methodology, logistics, and
wording of the questionnaires in Pashto, Dari and English languages. Small changes were
learned through the pilot survey and were incorporated in the final survey.
Training of Surveyors
The five provincial capital Cities of Kabul, Jalalabad, Mazar-e-sharif, Herat and Kandahar
were planned to be surveyed. The General Director of Man Power Department and the
LMIAU Supervisors trained the NSDP regional officers as well as the LIMAU Staff on the
questionnaires and the regional officers were instructed to train the surveyors and supervise
them in the assigned provinces. In Kabul, the LMIAU Manger and Supervisors, supervised
the surveyors as well as supervised the surveyors by checking their forms through phone
contact in the provinces.
3
Quotas Sampling means proportional sampling (equal ratio of different category of the people such male
and female, educated and uneducated, poor and rich etc).
Data Collection
Before conducting final survey a pilot survey was conducted to ensure the questionnaires
contained the required information. After the pilot survey and reviewing the questionnaires
six surveyors were assigned for each of the 6 provinces. In order to make it easier and
understandable for the surveyors this number was further divided into three groups. Each
group was assigned for surveying a specific sector i.e. media, tourism, and hospitality.
The data collections continued for 15 days from the day of commencement the survey
including 3 days training to the Field Supervisors and the LMIAU staff. Main issue in
collection of the data was finding real tourists in the winter season.
Quality Control
Visual Check
After collection of the data, all the questionnaires were visual checked in the office. The
incomplete questionnaires were separated and forwarded for phone checking.
Phone check
For validity and reliability of the collected data 10% (300 questionnaires) were randomly
separated and checked by phone. Out of the 300 random selected questionnaires 7.3% (22)
contact numbers were wrong due to either clerical mistakes or intentionally giving wrong
number by the respondents and 17.5% (52)of them were either off or didn't reply.
Database Cleaning
During the data entry process the Data Entry Supervisor and two expert data entry clerks
checked and ensured the entered data. The entered data was reviewed and made ready for
analysis and reporting.
CHAPTER ONE
PRINT AND BROADCAST MEDIA SECTOR

Print and Broadcast Media
1.1 The Ownership Status of Media Sector
Chart 1
Ownership Status of Media Sector (% )
90
80 81.5 83.3
70
Percentage
60 56 Private
50 47.7
41.1 Public
40 36
30 34 NGO
20 18.5 19.8
10 10 13.3
3.3 4.6
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The combined sample of the media sector across the five targeted provinces shows that 56%
media runs by private sector, 34% by public, and the rest 10% by NGOs. 97% of the NGOs
run media owned by national NGOs and 3% by international.
The disintegrated media sector shows that 82% Television and Radio are owned by private
sector. In print media, 41.1% newspapers and 47.7% magazines owned by public sector.
1.2 Average Salary of Employees by Job Role in Print Media
Chart 2
Percentage of Employees by Type in Average Salary by Job Type in Print

Print Media Media
Writer 16.8 Writer 6794

Web Designer 0.4 Web Designer 12500
Translator 1.2 Translator 9772
Technical Officer 0.1 Technical Officer 2500
Service Officer 0.1 Service Officer 7500
Secretary 2.2 Secretary 6964
Reporter 8.0 Reporter 5635
Publication 0.1 Publication 2500
Program Producer 0.1 Program Producer 17500
Photographer 1.5 Photographer 7500
Montaging Officer 2.3 Montaging officer 4166
Marketing Officer 0.9 Marketing Officer 5000
Manager 10.3 Manager 8391
Literature 0.4 Literature 5000
Jo b Types
Job Types
Journalist 8.9 Journalist 6363

Guard 0.9 Guard 6250
Finance Officer 0.2 Finance Officer 7500
Editor 9.6 Editor 7840
Driver 0.2 Driver 2500
Distributor 2.4 Distributor 5625
Director 4.8 Director 8452
Graphic Designer 6.7 Graphic Desinger 7432
Deputy Manager 5.1 Deputy Manager 5446
Cook 0.4 Cook 6250
Computer Operator 4.4 Computer Operator 5887
Composer 0.8 Composer 4166
Clerk 0.1 Clerk 2500
Cartoonist 0.2 Cartoonist 17500
Artiest 0.1 Artiest 2500
Analytical 0.6 Analytical 9642
Advisor 0.1 Advisor 7500
Administrator 9.6 Administrator 7763
Achieve Officer 0.9 Achieve Officer 2500
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Percentage Average Salary (Afs)

1.3 Average Salary and Percentage of Employees by Job Type in Broadcast Media
Chart 2a
Percentage of Employee by Job Type in Average Salary by Job Type in

Broadcast Media Broadcast M edia
Writer 0.1 Writer 12500
Theater 0.3 Theater 2500
Technical Officer 10.9 Technical Off icer 8285
Setup Operator 1.8 Setup Operator 2916
Secretary 0.5 Secretary 17500
Screen Lighter 0.1 Lightman 2500
Reporter 5.2 Reporter 8382
Receptionist 0.1 Receptionist 7500

Radio Operator 1.2 Radio Operator 10000
Producer 8.0 Producer 9785
Presenter 0.9 Presenter 9166
New s Presenter 8.5 New s Presenter 8750

Marketing Officer 6.9 Marketing Off icer 8300
Manager 3.8 Manager 8357
Journalist 6.7 Journalist 12222
IT Officer 0.2 IT Off icer 15000
HR Officer 0.1 HR Off icer 12500

Job Type
Job Type
Guard 3.0 Guard 4772

Graphic Designer 0.2 Graphic Designer 12500
Finance Officer 2.2 Finance Off icer 7222
Facilitator 0.8 Facilitator 5500
Engineer 0.8 Engineer 3653
Editor 6.3 Editor 8552
Driver 1.3 Driver 5500
Doubler 4.4 Doubler 7500
Director 3.6 Director 9600
Deputy Manager 0.1 Deputy Manager 7500
Cook 0.8 Cook 5500

Computer Operator 0.2 Computer Operator 2500
Clerk 0.9 Clerk 4500
Cleaner 0.3 Cleaner 2500
Cameraman 4.3 Cameraman 10131
Broadcasting officer 4.4 Broadcasting off icer 10166
Announcer 2.9 Announcer 9772
Administrator 8.0 Administrator 10431
Actor 0.4 Actor 2500
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Percentage Average Salary (Afs)
The chart 2 and 2a represent average salary and employment level by job type in print and
broadcast media in both public and private sectors.
The number of employees in both print and broadcast media manage by public sector is
higher compared to private, but the average salary by job type is lower. The number of
employees in both print and broadcast media in private sector is lower, but the salary is
higher. Therefore, the combined sample represents low salary range in both the print and
broadcast media.
The main employment level by job type in print media contained 15.4% Writers, 10%
Managers, 9.4% Editors and Administrators, and 7.8% Reporters, which show high number
employment rate. In contrary, the employment rate of Programme Producers and Cartoonists
is low, but their average salary is Afs. 17,500 per month and average salary for web
designers and analytical supervisors are Afs. 12,500 per month.
The main employment level by job type in broadcast media contains 10.85 Technical
Officers, 8.4% News Presenters, 8% Programme Producers, 6.9% Marketing Officers, and
6.7% Journalists.
In broadcast media salary by job type is Afs. 17,500 for Secretary, Afs. 12,500 for Graphic
Designers, IT Officers, Script Writers, and Afs. 12,222 fro Journalists which appears in the
high range of salaries.
1.4 Employment by Gender and Nationality in Media Sector
Chart 3
Employment by Gender and Nationality in Media Sector
90.0
80.0 82.8
70.0
Percentage
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
15.9
10.0
0.0 0.5 0.8
Male Local Female Local Male Foreigner Female Foreigner
Gender & Nationality
Chart 3 illustrates employment level in both print and broadcast media. The media sector is
dominated by males. The employment rate for males is 82.8% and for females are 15.9%
which is 5 times less than males.
KILM 54 (Part time workers) explains that: part time employment by sex is useful to see the
extent to which the female labour force more likely to work part time than the male and part
time work is often a characteristic of women employment. Based on KILM 5, If part time
employment opportunities is created, women employment rate will be increased.
4
KILM 5 (Key Indicator for Labour Market) is one of the 20 Key Indicators defined by ILO for Comparison
Labour Market among the countries.
1.5 Employment status in Media Sector
Chart 4
Employment Status Broken Down with Print & Broadcast

Media
100.0
80.0
Percentage
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
Full Time Part Time Temporay
Employment Status
Broadcast Media Print Media
In general, there is rapid growth in part time work in developed economy. The chart 4
illustrates that full time employment rate is five times higher than part time employment in
media sector. Part time employment in broadcast media is 11.5% and in print media is
18.6%.
In general, women showed interest in part time employment, but beside that age breakdown
is also significant and demonstrated that young people age 15 to 24, especially enrolled in
school are interested in part time employment.
1.6 Demands for Hiring Foreigners
Chart 5
Demand of Hiring Foreigner
8%
92%
Yes No
Chart 5a
Demand of Hiring Foreigner by Skills
15%
35%
20%
30%
Journalist Technical Management/Admin English Language Skill
92% employers stated that there is no need for employment of foreigners, but 8% expressed
need for foreigners. The 8% demand is further break downed by 35% Journalists, 30%
Technical Staff, 20% Management and Administration, and 15% English language speakers.
1.7 Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants
Chart 6
Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants for Non

Management Positions Where Previous Experience is Not
Required
2%
38%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
60%
Chart 6a
Management Positions in Which Previous Experience is
Required
2%
44% Not Difficult

Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
54%
Chart 6b
Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants for
Management Position in Which Previous Experience in Not
Required
2%
31%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
67%
Chart 6c
Degree of Difficulties in Finding Qualified Applicants for
Management Poistions Where
Previous Experience Required
3%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
45% 52% Very Difficult
The respondents responded the difficulties in finding qualified applicants for management
positions with previous experiences, for management positions without previous experiences,
non-management positions with previous experiences, and for non-management positions
without previous experiences.
The respondents' answers were categorized in the following three options:

Not difficult (easy to be found),
Quite difficult (Not easy to be found), and
Very difficult (Not found at all).
The charts 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d represent degree of difficulties based on positions and previous
experiences in finding qualified applicants. 2% respondents stated that finding qualified
applicants for management positions with previous experience, management positions
without previous experience, and non-management positions with previous experiences are
"very difficult". 3% respondents stated that finding qualified applicants for management
position with previous experiences are very difficult.
54% respondents stated that finding qualified applicants for non-management position with
previous experiences are "quite difficult" and 45% respondents stated that find qualified
applicants for management positions with previous experiences quite difficult.
67% of the respondents stated that finding qualified applicants for non-management position
with previous experience is not difficult and 60% respondents stated that finding qualified
applicants with previous experiences are not difficult.
As a result, filling vacancies in management positions where previous experience is required
is difficult.
1.8 Employment level over the last 12 months
Chart 7
Employment level over the last 12 months
8%
12%
Decline
Grow
Remain stable
80%
The chart 7 illustrates that 80% of the respondents stated that employment rate remained
stable, 12% stated grow up in employment, and 8% stated decline in the last 12 months. The
employment decline was mostly observed in print media i.e. in newspapers and magazines
and grow up was experienced in broadcast media, especially in TV sector.
The average of decline in employment level 17% and grow rate was reported 18% in the
employment level of grow in media sector.
1.9 Percentage of Programming in Broadcast Media

Chart 8
Percentage of Types Programing in Broadcast Media
40.0
35.0
30.0
Percentage
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
am
am
am
am
am
am
s
ew
gr
gr
gr
gr
gr
gr
ro
ro
N
ro
ro
ro
ro
lP
tP
lP
ry
ia
us
ce
en
ra
oc
ta
io
en
tu
m
en
S
ig
ul
in
ci
um
l&
el
C
ta
S
R
er
ca
oc
nt
iti
D
E
ol
P
Type s of Program
Radio TV Cable Network
1.10 Percentage of contents/Articles in Print Media
Chart 8a
Perentage of Types of Content in Print Media
35.0
30.0
Percentage
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
nt
te
te
te
te
te
te
te
on
on
on
on
on
on
on
lC
tC
C
C
lC
ia
ry
us
s
en
ra
ew
nc
oc
ta
io
m
tu
en
ie
S
N
ig
in
ul
Sc
um
l&
el
ta
C
R
er
ca
oc
nt
iti
D
E
ol
P
Type s of Conte nt
Megazine Newspaper
In the media sector, the study focus was put on the 7 main programmes of Entertainment,
News, Documentary, Religious, Science, Cultural, Political, and Social. These programmes
were divided into print and broadcast media.
The chart 8 shows that 35% entertainment and 20% news were identified as main
programmes in broadcast media.
The chart 8a represents 33% news contents/articles in newspaper, 17% news contents in
magazines, 25% political and social contents in magazines, and 17% political and social
contents in newspaper are main contents/articles in print media.
1.11 Source of finance in media sector
Chart 9
Source of Finance in TV Se ctor
13%
17%
59%
11%
Advertizem ent Sales of Publication Supported by Governm ent Supported by NGOs
Chart 9a
Source of Finance in Radio Sector
11%
19%
53%
12%
5%
Advertizem ent Sales Publication Governm ent Support NGOs Support Self Supported
Chart 9b
Source of Finance in Newspaper Sector
6%
21%
13%
22%
38%
Advertizem ent Sales Publication Governm ent Support NGOs Support Self Supported
Chart 9c
Source of Finance in Magazine Sector
12% 16%
13%
13%
46%
Advertising Sales of Publiction Supported by Government Supported by NGOs Self Supported
Chart 9d
Source of Finance in Cable Ne twork Se ctor
1%
50% 49%
Advertising Sales of Publiction Monthly Fee

The main source of finance in media sector comes from advertisements, Sale of publications,
government, NGOs, and from self support.
The sale of publication in TV and Radio sector refers to the sale of documentaries,
entertainments, and other similar programmes products inside and outside Afghanistan. The
sale of publications in print media means sales of newspapers and magazines.
The cable network broadcast sales either its own programmes and of other televisions.
Mostly, network broadcasting feature movies, sport news, and off-net television shows5.
Therefore the sale of publications refers to off-net television shows.
50% finance of cable network comes from subscribers monthly fee, 49% comes from sale of
publications, and 1% from advertisements.
The charts 8 and 8a show that the TV and radio sectors are financially running a like. 59%
financial source of TV sector comes from advertisements and 53% of the radio sector. 17%
TV sector and 12% radio sector is financially supported by the government.
In general, 13% finance support of TV and 19% of radio sectors come from NGOs. 11%
financial support of TV and 5% financial support of radio sector come from sale of
publications.
The charts 8b and 8c represent financial support in print media. 38% financial support of
newspaper and 46% of the magazines was provided by the government. 22% financial
support of newspaper comes from sale of publications and 21% comes from advertisements.
13% financial support of newspapers and 13% financial support of magazines come from
NGOs and 6% financial support of newspapers and 12% of magazines come from self
support. It is worth-mentioning that most of the self financial support comes from direct or
indirect political parties, religious groups; foreign countries mutual benefit for future dreams,
and newly start up investment of private companies.
5
Off net television shows means that where a T.V broadcasts its programmes through cable network without
having a base in a particular location.
1.12 Recruitment method in Media sector
Chart 10
Recruitment Method in Media Sector
Directly From Training Centres

Registration at an Employment Centres
Recruitment
Method
Refer From Other Employers

Refer From Other Employees
Internal Transfer
Other
Job Seekers Direct Approach
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Percentage
32.5% respondent employers claimed that they fill vacancies through Job seeker direct
approach and 22% said they fill vacancies though TV and radio announcements. Vacancies
in public manage print media are filled by introducing people from relevant ministries.
19% vacancies fill through internal transfer, 8% filled through introducing by the other
employees, 7.5% by other employers, 6.5% through registration an employment services
centers, and 4.5% comes directly from training centers.
1.13 Skills demand in Media Sector
Chart 11
Skills Demand in Media Sector
Announcing
Cable Network
Communication
News Reading
Pashto/Dari Literature
Satellite Technician
Electrician
Radio Technician
Advertisement
Camera
Translation
Skills
Web Designing
Finance
Printing
Script Writing
English Language
Editing
Photography
Reporting
Management
Computer Software
Journalism
Designing
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0
Pe rce ntage
16.5 skills demand was for Designers, 14.2% for Computer Software Operators, 14.3%
Journalists, 12.8% for Managers, 7.1% Reporters, and 3% Script Writers. In print media, 5%
Photographers and 5% Editors and 4% English language speakers were the needed skills.
Section 1B
1.14 Media Opinion Poll

1.14.1 For news and entertainment available facilities at home
Chart 12
For News and Entertainment available Facilities at Home
None of them
News & Entertainment Tools
Other
Tape Recorder
CD/DVD
Computer
Cable
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Percentage
16% means of news and entertainments are TV, 11% Radio, 8% Magazine, and 1% reported
that they have no access to news and entertainments means at homes. For provincial level
data (See Annex 1).
1.14.2 Favourite programs

Chart 13
Favorite Type of Programs(% )
None of Them
Celebrity
Romance
Crime
Action
Documentary
Arts
Entertainment
Science
History
Sport
Soaps
Science Fiction
Comedy
Music
Religion
Drama
News
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

Pe rce ntage
14% news as a source of information followed by 10.8% dramas, 10.1% religious
programmes, and 9.1% music programmes were identified as a top favourite programmes.
0.9% of the respondents stated that they haven't interest in entertainment programmes. 1% of
the respondents sated that they have no means for news and entertainments at their homes as
shown in chart 11. For provincial level data (See Annex 2)
1.14.3 Time frequency for having access to news

Chart 14
How often do you access the news
4% 10%
15%
1 time per week
3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
71%
Over two third (71%) of the respondents stated that they have access to news every day, 15%
reported they have access to news three times a week, the remaining 10% reported one time
per week, and 4% stated that they haven't access to news at all.
Nangrahar has experienced the most predominant province having access to news every day.
For provincial level data (See Annex 3).
1.14.4 Source of access to news
Chart 15
How do You Access to News?
6% 18%
New spaper
Radio
TV
44% Internet
32%
44% respondents reported that TV is the main source of news followed by 32% radio, and
18% Newspaper. In rural areas radio is the main source of news and information.
6% respondents stated that they have access to news through internet facility. It is confined to
the group of people working in offices having access to internet facility. (See Annex 4)
1.14.5 Public satisfaction from entertainments on TV & Radio
Chart 16
People satisfaction with entertainment available on

TV & Radio
12%
No
Yes
88%
The above chart indicates that 88% people were satisfied with news entertainment on TV and
Radio and the remaining 12% were not satisfied with news and entertainment on TV and
Radio.
33.3% complained about lack of facts and reality and 13% suggested educational programs,
12% Islamic and cultural programmes, and 10% dramas. 19% suggested live broadcasts to
avoid Indian serials affect on young generation and some emphasized to stop using foreign
words and expressions that affect our local languages.
1.14.6 Source of general news and information
Chart 17
Source of Useful General News and Information
30.0
25.0
Percentage
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
s
er
s
jid
et
ce
e
ds
t
ew
ew
en
in
pl
ap
rn
as
n
n
az
o
om
N
N
ie
te
ie
sp
Pe
M
ag
er
Fr
In
TV
io
irn
ew
xp
M
ad
er
nv
N
th
E
R
O
al
l
na
n
l
na
io
so
tio
at
r
Pe
N
uca
Ed
Source of Information
Combined Sampled Hirat Nangrahar Kabul Kandahar Balkh
26% respondents received general information and news from TV and 20.7% from radio.
The radio seems as a main source of news and information (24.2%) in Nangrahar and 24.8%
in Kandahar.
The 11.7% use of national newspaper was identified as a main source of general information
and news in Nangrahar province. The same percentage (11.7) magazine was experienced in
Kandahar and Heart provinces.
6.8% use of internet in Mazar-e-sharif, 6.6% in Herat, 1.7% in Nangrahar, and 2.7% in
Kandahar was observed as a main source of news and general information.
11.2% respondents stated that they received general information and news from friends,
which is the third main source of news and general information in the combined sample. In
Mazar-e-sharif, 15.1% and in Kabul 13.7% people received the news and general information
through friends, but in Kandahar only 6.7% people get news and general information from
friends.
1.14.7 Time range for spending in mass media source
Chart 18
Percentage of Combined Sampled Group Watching TV for a
Given Time Period
30.0
Individua 25.0
20.0
l (%) 15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
s
ur
e
ur
ur
ur
tim
ho
ho
ho
ho
1
No
r4
2
4
an
to
to
ve
th
O
ss
Le
Time Tange
Chart 18a
Percentage of Combined Sampled Group Using Radio for a
Given Time Period
50.0
Individual
40.0
(%)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
s
ur
e
ur
ur
ur
tim
ho
ho
ho
ho
1
o
r4
2
N
an
to
to
ve
th
O
ss
Le
Time Range
Chart 18b
Percetage of Combined Sampled Group Using the Internet for a
Given Time Period
30.0
Individual
25.0
20.0
(%)
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
s
ur
e
ur
ur
ur
tim
ho
ho
ho
ho
1
o
r4
N
2
4
an
to
to
ve
th
O
ss
Le
Time Range
Chart 18c
Percentage of Combined Sampled Group Using the Newspaper

for a Given Time Period
50.0
Individual
40.0
30.0
(%) 20.0
10.0
0.0
e
ur
ur
ur
ur
t im
ho
ho
ho
ho
No
1
r4
2
4
an
to
to
ve
th
O
ss
Le
Time Range
Chart 18d
Percentage of Combined Sampled Group Reading Books for

Leisure for a Given Time Period
60.0
Individual
50.0
40.0
(%)
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
s
e
ur
ur
ur
ur
t im
ho
ho
ho
ho
No
1
r4
2
4
an
to
to
ve
th
O
ss
Le
Time Range
27.4% respondents stated that they watch television less than 1 hour per day, 22.7% stated 2
to 4 hours per day, 8.9% stated that they do not watch television at all due to either having no
access or not interested and 20.7% respondents watching television over 4 hours every day.
The chart 17a illustrates that 45% respondents listen to radio "less than 1 hour" and 16.2%
do not listen to radio at all.
44.5% respondents reading newspapers "less than 1 hour" and 41.7% respondents do not
read newspapers at all.
57.4% respondents give no time for reading books for leisure, 27.6% respondents read books
for leisure "less than 1 hour". 74.6% respondents do not use internet at all and 14.4% use
internet "less than 1 hour" per day.
The combined sample explains that 45% respondents listen to radio, 44.5% reading
newspapers, and 27% reading books for leisure and watching television "less than 1 hour"
per day.
1.14.8 Pubic assessments about media coverage of news and

public issues
Chart 19
People Assessment with Media Coverage of News and Public Issues
11%
89%
Yes No
Chart 19 indicates that 89% respondents were satisfied with media coverage of news and
public issues, and only (11%) were not satisfied with media coverage of public news.
The unsatisfied respondents with media coverage of news and public issues suggested that
facts and realities should be reflected, news and public issues should be broadcasted on time,
and using words and expressions of foreign languages within the national leagues should be
avoided.
CHAPTER TWO
TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR
1. Travel Agencies and Tourist Companies
2.1 Job distribution and average salary in tourism sector
Chart 20
Average Salary by Job Type in Tourism Sector (Afs) Employee by Job Type in Tourism Sector (%)
Ticket Seller Ticket Seller

Marketing Officer Marketing Officer
Manager Manager
IT Officer IT Officer
Guide Guide
Guard Guard
Finance Officer Finance Officer

Employee Employee
Jo b T yp e
Jo b T yp e
Driver Driver
Director Director
Cook Ticket Seller
Computer Operator Cook
Clerk Computer Operator
Cleaner Clerk
Assitant Cleaner
Assitant
Administrator
Accountant Administrator
Accountant
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Salary
Percentage
Chart 19 shows the occupational wage and percentage of employees by job type. As an
average, the Director position receives Afs. 10,556 per month and Finance officers Afs.
9,722 identified in the high range of salaries. The Computer Operator, Marketing Officer and
Ticket Seller are paid Afs. 8,000 per month and considered in the second category of the
salaries range. Guards, Clerks, Cleaners, and Cook were identified in the lowest range of
salaries with Afs. 4,000 per month and their percentage by job type is also lowest in this
sector.
16.7% employees by job type were Ticket Sellers, 15% Directors, 13% Officers, 9.1%
Assistants, and 8.2% Computer Operators were identified as main employment level by job
type.
The directors, computer operators, and ticket sellers were identified with high salary range
and high percentage employment by job type. The marketing officers with high salary and
low percentage by job type were identified.
In addition, guides, guards, clerks, cleaner, and accountants were identified with low salary
range as well as low employment level by job type in travel and tourism sector.
2.2 Employment by gender and nationality
Chart 21
Distribution of Employee by Gender and Nationality (% )
Female Foreigner
Employment
Female Local
Male Foreigner
Male Local
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Chart 22
Employment Status in Travel/Tourism Sector
100
100
80
Individual (%)
60
40
20
0 0
0
Full Time Part Time Temporary
Employme nt Status
85% employment level in this sector is covered by male locals and 9% female locals, while
the remaining 4% is covered male and female foreigners.
The char 22 explains that all employment status covers full time employment. Part time and
temporary employment status was reported nil.
2.3 Employment level over the last 12 months in

Chart 23
Employment level Over the last 12 Months
13%
14%
Remain Stable
Decline
Grow
73%
Chart 23 shows that 73% of the employers claimed that employment level in their businesses
remained stable in the last 12 months.
16% of the respondents stated that their employment level has declined and 12% respondents
stated that their employment level has grown in the last 12 months.
The average of decline in employment level 34.4% and grow rate was reported 39.3% in the
employment level of grow in travel/Tourism sector.
2.4 Degree of difficulty in finding qualified applicants
Chart 24
Management Positions Where Previous Experience is Not Required
3%
39% Not Difficult

Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
58%
Chart 24a
Management Positions Where Previous Experience is Required
0%
39%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
61%
Chart 24b
Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants for Management
Positions Where Previous is Not Required
2%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
48% 50% Very Difficult
Chart 24c
Degree Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants for Management
Position Where Previous is Not Required
2%
40%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
58%
39% respondents said that finding of qualified and experienced applicants in non-
management positions without previous experiences and 39% non-management positions
with previous experiences (48%) management positions without previous experiences and
(40%) management positions with previous experiences identified Quite difficult.
Chart 21, 21a and 21b show that around 3% of the employers considered finding qualified
applicant "Very difficult" and over 50% of the employers considered finding qualified
applicants for non management position with previous experience Not difficult for them.
As a result, finding qualified applicants for management positions were identified Quite
difficult.
2.5 Skills demand in tourism sector
Chart 25
Skills Demand in Tourism Sector
Cooking
Driving
Local Languages
Madus System
Maths
Professional Skill
Communication Skill
Spin World System
Wirless System
Admin/Finance
Behavior
Skills
International
Marketing Skill
Cyber System
Turkish Air System
Management
Ticketing
VRS System
Traveling System
Galileo System
Internet
English Language
Computer Software
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Percentage
In the travel and tourism sector employers demanded for employees to have knowledge in
one of the 25 skill areas. The most demanded skills were 32% Computer Software users,
25.3% English language speakers, 10% Internet users, 6% Galileo System users, and 3.2%
VRS (Visitor Registration System) users.
The most dominated skill in travel/tourism sector is Galileo System6. It is mostly used in
advanced countries. The Galileo System skill covers the remaining Modus, Turkish Air,
Cyber7, and VRS systems8.
2.6 Travel/Tourism Sector Services
Chart 26
Stated Provided Services by Travel/Tourism Sector
Logis tic Services

Type of Services
Ticket Delivery & Tour s ervices
Ticket Delivery & Visa Assistance
Ticket Delivery
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0

Percentage
46.5% travel/tourism sector respondents provide only ticket delivery services, 37% ticket
delivery & visa assistance, 8.5% ticket delivery/tour services, and 8% provide logistic
services.
2.7 Tourist company/travel agencies
Chart 27
Stated Types of Tour Provided by Travel/Tourism Sector
NatureAdventure(Biking,
Horse back riding, trekking)
Type of Tour
Cultural/Heritage
Boat Tours
Nature(Wild Life, Camping)
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Percentage
6
Galileo system is a database used for electronic ticketing.
7
Cyber System is a database used for electronic ticketing.
8
VRS is a database used for quick booking and arranging ticket.
The travel and travel companies provide 41% nature (wild life camping), 41% boat tours,
12% cultural/ heritage, and 4% nature adventure (biking, horse back riding, trekking).
2.8 Percentage of Local and Foreign Customers
Chart 28
Percetage of Customer Breakdown by Local & Foreigner
93 97
88 90 87
100
70
80
Percentage
60
30
40
12 10 13
7 3
20
0
Balkh Herat Kabul Kandahar Nangrahar Combined
Sampled
Local Customer Foriegn Customer
2.9 Average Customer Served per Year.
Chart 29
Stated Average Customer Per Year
Combined Sampled 631
Nangahar 332
Province
Kabul 383
Herat 500
Balkh 1622
Kandahar 4875
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Average Number
Chart 29 shows the number of annual customers in travel and tourism sector in the five
targeted provinces. In Nangrahar, the number of customers 382, in Kabul 383, in Herat 500,
in Balkh 1,622, and in Kandahar 4,875 persons.
The undercount number of customers in the travel and tourism sector might be linked to the
fear of annual revenue to employers. The NSDP supervisors re-checked the low number of
customers per year with some of the agencies and found that the lowest annual customers
were about 1,000 and the highest number 5,000 in the sector.
Section 2B
Tourist Opinion Poll

This section represents assessment of visitors in the five targeted provinces.
2.9.1 Tourists Education Profile
Chart 30
Education Level of Tourist
University 19.3
Education Level
High School 27.6
Middle School 17.5
Primary School 11.2
Illiterate 22.8
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

Percentage
Over two-third (77.2%) of the respondent visitors had formal education. Out of them 27.6%
respondents on tourist spots were high school graduates, 19.3% university graduates, 17.5%
middle school, and 11.2% primary school students. The remaining 22.8% were identified
illiterates.
2.9.2 Tourists by age group
Chart 31
Distribution of Tourists by Age Group
Over 65 1.2
55-64 3.9
Age Group
45-54 5.1
35-44 15.0
25-34 33.0
15-24 41.7
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Percentage
The chart 31 shows that the age group of 15-24 showed 41.7% reflected more interest in
tours, the age holders of 25-34 showed 33% interest in tours, the age group of 35-44 showed
15% interest, and group of age over 45 showed 10.2% for tours.
2.9.3 Difficulties in organizing tours
Chart 32
Difficulty in Organizing Tour
Acquiring Visa
Flight Booking
Difficulity
Accommodation
Other
Unavailability of Information
Organizing trip
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Percentage
40% respondents mentioned difficulties in organizing trips, 29.5% mentioned unavailability

of information, and the rest 30.5% mentioned, flight booking accommodation facilities,
acquiring visa, insecurity, and traffic problems.
2.9.3 Way of organizing trip
Chart 33
Way of Organizing Trip
Travel Agency
Internet
Through Tour Operator
On Our Own
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0

Percentage
97% respondent visitors organized trips by their own. The study was conducted in cool
season of winter; therefore, all the respondents were locals rather than foreigners. The rest
3% arrange the trips through tour operators, internet, and travel agencies.
2.9.5 Tourist Opinions for Recommending Tourist Places
Chart 34
Tourist Assessment for Recommending Tourist Places as a

Tourist Destination to Other
2.2
No
Response
Status
97.8
Yes
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Percentage
Yes No
97.8% respondent visitors showed satisfaction from the tourist places and they recommend
the tourist places to others. Due to insecurity and unavailability of attractive sightseeing in
the tourist places, 2.2% respondents dont recommend the tourist places as a tourist
destination to others.
2.9.6 Tour expenditure

Chart 35
Average Expenditure in Total for the Visit
Above 21000
18000
Expenditure
13000
8000
2500
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Pe rce ntage
As an average, 81% respondent visitors spent Afs. 2,500 (US$ 50) per person, 9% indicated
Afs, 18,000 (US $ 360$) for their visit. An average expenditures per person were lower in
Nangrahar and were higher in Kabul. For provincial level data (See Annex 5).
2.9.7 Tourist Suggestions for Government to Develop Tourist Sector
Chart 36
How Can Government Encourage Tourists to Come to Afghanistan
Other
Advertise Tourist Places Through

Encouragement
the Media
Reconstruct roads to enable the

tourist to visit tourist places eas ily
Attract inves tors to invest in

tourism sector in Afghanis tan
Providing More Security for the

Touris ts
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

Percentage
21% stated that the government is bent on to attract investors for invest in tourist sector,
32.5% respondents suggested security improvement, 17% emphasized on reconstruction of
road to enable the tourists to visit tourist places easily, and 10% respondents suggested to
reveal tourist places by media.
The surveyors felted that the main focus of the tourists was provision of security and
reconstruction of tourist places.
2.9.8 Best Season for Tourism
Chart 37
Best Season for Tourism in Afghanistan
Antumn
Winter
Season
Summer
Spring
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Pe rce ntage
88% respondents prioritized spring as a best season for tourism, 8% respondents mentioned
summer, and 4% tourists mentioned autumn and winter.
2.9.9 Tourist Opinions for Tourism Development
Table 1
No Respondents Suggestions/Opinions % Number
Respondent
1 Provision of security 37.82 222
2 Development tourism sector 37.14 218
3 Government should take care of parks 7.84 46
4 Reconstruction of roads 4.43 26
5 Advertisement tourist places through media 3.07 18
6 No opinions 2.39 14
7 Development of entertainment places for women by 2.04 12
government
8 Support of private sector by government to develop 1.53 9
businesses
9 Provision of job opportunity by the government to 1.36 8
people
10 Encouragement of investors by the government to 1.36 8
invest in tourism sector
11 Promotion of communication, transportation, 1.02 6
electrician, and hospitality sector by government.
100 587
2.9.10 Source of information about tourist places
Chart 38
Source of Information about Tourist Places
Other
Internet
Travel Magazine/Paper
Radio/TV Advertisement
Friends & / or Relatives
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
88.8% tourists received information about the tourist places from friends and relatives, 5%
from radio and TV advertisements, and the rest 7% from travel magazines and internet. For
provincial level data (See annex 6)
CHAPTER 3
HOSPITALITY SECTOR
3.1 2Hotels and Guesthouses
Employment and average salary by job type in Hotels and Guesthouses
Chart 39
Average Salary by Job Type in Hospitality Employee by Job Type in Hospitality

Sector (Afs) Sector (% )
Waiter Waiter
Salad Maker Tea Stall Ow ner
Receptionist Salad Maker
Procurement Officer Receptionist
Procurement Officer
Plumber
Ow ner Plumber
Ow ner
Manager
Manager
Lift Technician
Lift Technician
I.T Officer
Job Type
Job Type
I.T Officer
Guard
Guard
Finance Officer
Finance Officer
Electrician
Electrician
Driver
Driver
Dash Washer
Dash Washer
Cook Assistant Cook Assistant
Cook Cook
Computer Operator Computer Opreator
Cleaner Cleaner
Butcher Butcher
Admin Officer Admin Officer
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
Percentage Percentage
Chart 38 represents average salary and percentage of employees by job type. The high paid
employees were plumbers and IT officers with average salary Afs. 17,500. In contrast the
plumbers and IT officers employment was only 1% in the sector. The computer operators
were received an average Afs. 12,500, and recipients Afs. 11,000. As a result, the lowest
average salary by job type identified dash washers with Afs. 2,500.
The waiters by job type cover 40% of the total employees followed by cooks and Guards12%
and 10% respectively. The average number of employees per hotel was identified 30 persons.
3.2 Employees Distribution by Gender and Nationality
Chart 40
Distribution of Employee by Gender & Nationality (% )
Female Foreigner
Employee
Female Local
Male Foreigner
Male Local
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Over 88% employees in hospitality sector were male locals and male foreigners were 6%.
Participation of women in hospitality sector was 15 times less than males. Only 1% female
foreigners were reported in this sector.
3.3 Employment level over the last 12 months
Chart 41
Employment Level Over the Last 12 Months
12%
16%
72%
Remain Stable Decline Grow
Chart 41 indicates that nearly two-third (72%) of the respondents claimed that their
employment level remained stable in the last 12 months.
16% respondents stated that their employment level has declined and 12% respondents stated
that their employee level has grown up in the last 12 months.
The average of decline in employment level 18.4% and grow rate was reported 13% in the
employment level of grow in hospitality sector. The decline rate was mostly reported in
Kandahar province and growth was experienced in Kabul.
3.4 Employment Status in Hospitality Sector
Chart 42
Employment Status in Hospitality Sector
99.2
100.0
80.0
Individual (%)
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0 0.8
0.0
Full Time Part Time Temporary
Working Status
The Chart 42 indicates that 99.2% are full time employees. Only 0.8% was reported
temporary.
3.5 Degree of Difficulties in Finding Qualified Applicants in Hospitality

Sector
Chart 43
Management Positions Where Previous Experience is Not
Required
2%
25%
Not difficult
Quite Difficult
Very difficult
73%
Chart 43a
Management Postions Where Previous Experience is Required
15% 1%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
84%
Chart 43b
Management Position in Which Previous Experience is Not
Required
4%
33% Not Difficult

Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
63%
Chart 43c
Management Positions Where Previous Experience is Required
2%
25%
Not Difficult
Quite Difficult
Very Difficult
73%
33% employers considered finding qualified applicants "Quit difficult" for management
positions where previous experiences are required. The management positions refer to
manager, cashier, etc. Non-management positions refer to employees working in catering.
The chart 43 and 43c represent the same degree of "quit difficult" in filling vacancies.
Chart 43a reflects the lowest (15%) degree of difficulty in finding qualified applicants for
non-management where previous experiences are required.
3.5 Average Price of Room in Hotel
Chart 44
Catetogry of Average Price of Room in Hotel
2000
1500
Room Price
1000
500
0
Combined Balkh Hirat Kabul Kandahar Nangarhar
Province
High Price of Room Middle Price of Room Low Price of Room
The chart44 represents the sampled average high, middle and low price of room in hotel per
day in the 5 targeted provincial capital Cities.
The highest average price of room in hotel was reported in Kabul with Afs. 1,800 as a high
price of room9, middle price Afs. 1,200 and low price Afs. 1,000. Most of the hotels with low
price of room range Afs 100 to 300. Therefore, the average high price of room was reported
Afs 1,800 per night. The highest price per night in some hotels was reported Afs. 10,000 per
night.
The average low price of room in Kandahar and Nangrahar might be the affect of the
neighbor Pakistan where average price is experienced lower as compared to Afghanistan.
Most of the hotels were reported with low price of room range Afs. 100 to 200 per night.
Some hotels with the high price of room were reported around Afs. 2,000 per night in these
two provinces.
9
Due inaccessibility of contact, intercontinental, Serena hotel are not include in the study
3.6 Average guest capacity with average guest occupancy rate
Chart 45
Average guest capacity with average guest occupancy
rate
100
80
Number
60
40
20
0
Average guest capacity Average guest occupancy rate
Gue st capacity & Gue st occupancy rate
The combined sample represents average guest capacity of 80 persons and average guest
occupancy rate was reported 22 persons per night.
The highest average guest capacity of 98 persons and average guest occupancy rate 42 person
per night was reported in Kabul where the high average guest capacity 85 persons and low
guest occupancy rate 15 person per night was reported in Kandahar. It might be due insecure
situation for travelers.
Nangrahar was at reasonable average guest capacity rate with 70 persons and average guest
occupancy rate was 35 persons per night. For provincial level data (See Annex 7).
Note: The survey was conducted in winter season. The occupancy rate might be higher in
spring and summer seasons.
3.7 Business marketing way in hospitality sector
Chart 46
Marketing Business Nationally
Newspaper
Marketing Source
Hotel Brochure
Sign Board
Magazine
Radio
TV
Business Card
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Percentage
Chart 46a
Marketing Business Internationally
Radio
Marketing Source
TV
Magazine
Airline Magazine
Internet
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

Percentage
30% respondents market businesses through business cards and 17% through TV at national
level.
The chart 46a represents common marketing practice in the sector internationally. 36%
businesses are market through internet and 17.5% through common magazines and 26%
airline magazines are used as a source of marketing in the hospitality sector internationally.
3.8 Skills Demand in Hospitality Sector
Chart 47
Skills Demand in Hospitality Sector
Accounting
Receptionist
Technician
Guard
Translation
Skills
English Language
Administration
Cleaning
Waiter
Behavior
Computer
Cookery
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Pe rce ntage
62% employers suggested training in cooking, 5% computer, 5% behavior, 4% waiter, 3.5%

cleaner, and 3.5% in administration. For a better communication with clients English
language and translation skills demand placed in third category (6%).
Section 3b: Hotel Client
3.8.1 Purpose of staying in hotel

Chart 48
Purpose of Staying in Hotel (% )
Purpose of Staying
Passing Through
Tourism
Visting Friend/Family Member
Other
Business
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Percentage
34% respondents said that the purpose of stay in hotels is referred to business activities and
24% respondents were referred to students, labourers, travelers, and for treatment purposes.
12.5% respondents were stayed in hotels for tourism. 14% were reported visiting friends and
family, and 9% respondents stated that they have stay due to passing through. For provincial
level data (See Annex 8).
3.8.2 Source of information about hotel
Chart 49
How Did You Find About the Hotel
Other
Through Sign Board
Incidentally Stumbled
Through Taxi Driver
Internet
Tourism Department
Hotel Brochure
Referred by Previous Guests/Friends
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Pe rce ntage
It is interesting for the owners of the hotels and guesthouses that the main source of
marketing their businesses was due to business cards and Television on national level and
through internet and magazine at international level (see section 2b chart 41 and 41b). Chart
45 represents that the highest percentage (80%) guests referred to previous guests and friends
followed by a nominal percentage (6%) hotel brochure, tourism department (2%) and internet
and tourism department (2%).
It is also notable to know that taxi drivers also played an important role in marketing in
hospitality sector by 1.5%.
3.8.3 Assessment of quality of services of accommodation in the Hotel
Chart 50
Quality of services of accommodation
6%
14%
43% Poor
Very good
Good
Average
37%
Chart 50 represents the combined sample. 43% respondents said quality of services are
Average, 37% said Good, 14% mentioned Very good, and the remaining 6% said Poor.
72% respondents in Herat said that quality services of accommodation were good, 22%
respondents considered quality of accommodation services good in Kandahar. 1%
respondents in Herat considered quality of accommodation services poor, but in contrast to
15% respondents in Kandahar considered quality of accommodation services Poor.
For provincial level data (See Annex 9).
3.8.4 Available Facilities in Hospitality Sector
Chart 51
Stated Available Facility in Hotel
70.0
60.0
50.0
Percentage
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
t
e
TV
er
e
io
ic
rn
th
t
rv
ta
te
O
Se
or
In
sp
m
an
oo
Tr
Facilities
Combined Sampled Balkh Hirat Kabul Kandahar Nangarhar
In the combined sample, 5.2% hotels have internet facilities, 8.1% transportation, 43% TV,
41. % room services.
The internet facilities in Kabul and in Herat are 10%, but in the rest provinces it was reported
at the range of up to 5%. The highest transportation facility was rated 13% in Kabul and 0%
in Nangrahar.
65% hotels in Balkh had TV facility where in Kandahar only 20% TV facility was reported.
3.8.5 Value of money for services in Hotels
Chart 52
Value of Money for Services in the Hospitality Sector
10%
9%
81%
Reasonable Poor Expensive

81% respondents considered value of money for services reasonable, 10% considered
expensive, and 9% considered value of money for services poor.
91.6 % respondents considered value of money for services reasonable in Herat, 72%
respondents considered value of money for services reasonability rate was reported in
Kandahar (72%).The highest expensive rate of value of money for services and low quality
of services was reported in Kandahar.
Overall, it can be said that Kandahar was identified for high prices and low quality of
services in hospitality sector. For provincial level data (See Annex 10)
3.8.6 Hotel Clients Assessment from Services
Chart 53
Hotel Client Assesment from the Services
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
Services
Very Good
Food Presentation
Satisfactory
Quality of Services
Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Percentage
In order to gauge opinion of hotel clients with respect to quality of available facilities in
hospitality sector a list of all facilities was categorized by "very good", "satisfactory" and
"needs improving".
Booking System
95% respondents stated that the booking system was either very good or satisfactory and 5%
said that the booking system needs improvement.
Administration
94% respondents considered administration system either very good or satisfactory and 6%
said that the administration system needs improvement.
Quality and Quantity of Food

Quality and quantity of services were running in equal rate. Over 90% respondents
considered quality and quantity of services either very good or satisfactory and the rest 10%
said that the food quality and quantity needs improvement.
Quality of Services and Food Presentation
88% respondents considered quality of services and food presentation either very good or
satisfactory and 12% said that food presentation and services need improvement.
Staff Attitude
The staff attitude which is very important for costumers perception and helpfulness was
identified (53%) very good and (37%) satisfactory where (9.3%) suggested improvement in
the staff attitude.
Food Varity
31.3% respondents said that the food Varity was very good, 55% respondents said that the
food Varity was satisfactory, and 13.7% were not happy with the food Varity and suggested
improvement.
Accommodation and Delivery Timing

Accommodation and delivery timing were running equal at the rate of very good (45%),
satisfactory (45%), and need improvement (10%).
Car Parking
54.6% respondents suggested improvement in car parking facility, 23.4% said "very good",
and the remaining 21.9% satisfactory.
As a result, majority of the respondent clients were satisfied with the hospitality sector except
car parking facility that needs improvement. For provincial level data in (See Annex 11)
References
Afghanistan Investment Support Agency (2008) Doing business in Afghanistan: Investor
Directory 2008, Afghanistan Support Agency, Kabul Afghanistan
NAI Open Media Support Agency Media Directory 2008: NAI Open Media Support Agency
Kabul, Afghanistan
Central Statistic Office (2006) Estimated Population of Afghanistan: Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan.
Ministry of Information and Culture: Media, tourist Company, Hotel and Guesthouses
investor Directory, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
National Skills Development Programme (2008) an Urban Area Primary Source Study of
Supply and Demand in the Labor Market: Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, Martyrs and
Disabled: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
International Rescue Committee (IRC), (2008) Afghanistan Labor Market Information

Survey, in association with Ministry of labor and Social Affairs, Kabul
Alban Bone (April 2005) University of Catering a research paper of Hospitality Survey 2005
Research Methodology in Social Science (2004) by Anwar Alam (M.A) a text book
Peshawar University, Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan.
ANNEXES
Part I
Province wise Data
Annex-1: For news and entertainment available facility at home

Annex-2: Favorite type of programs
Annex-3: How often do you access to news
Annex-4: How do you access to news
Annex-5: Average expenditure for tour
Annex-6: Source of information about tourist places
Annex-7: Average guest capacity and average occupancy rate
Annex-8: Purpose of staying in hotel
Annex-9: Quality of services in hotel
Annex-10: Value of money for services
Annex-11: Hotel client assessment from the services
Part II
Questionnaires
Annex-12a: Media Questionnaire

Annex-12b: Media Opinion poll Questionnaire
Annex-13a: Travel / Tourist company Questionnaire
Annex-13b: Tourist Opinion poll Questionnaire
Annex-14a: Hotel and Guesthouses Questionnaire
Annex-14b: Hotel Client Questionnaire
Annex-15: Sample Distribution Table
Annex -1
For news and entertainment available facilities at home
Annex-1a
For News and Entertainment Available Facilities at Home in

Kabul
None of them
Other
News and Entertainment
Tape Recorder
Equipment
CD/DVD
Cable
Computer
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0
Percentage
Annex-1b
For News and Entertainment Available Faicilities at Home in

Kandahar
News and Entertainment Equipment
None of them
Other
Tape Recorder
CD/DVD
Cable
Computer
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Percentage
Annex-1c

Herat
None of them
Other
Tape Recorder
CD/DVD
Cable
Computer
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0
Percentage
Annex-1d
For News and Entertainment Available Facilities At Home in

Nangrahar
None of them
Other
Tape Recorder
CD/DVD
Cable
Computer
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Percentage
Annex-1e

Balkh
None of them
Other
Tape Recorder
CD/DVD
Cable
Computer
Magazine
Radio
TV
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Percentage
Annex - 2
Favorite type of programs
Annex-2a
Favorite Type of Programs in Nangarhar
NoneOfThem
Science
Crime
Romance
Arts
Science
Programs
Music
Comedy
Action
Drama
Religon
History
Documentary
Celebrities
Soaps
Sports
News
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0

Percentage
Annex-2b
Favorite Type of Programs in Herat
None of Them
Celebrity
Romance
Crime
Action
Documentary
Programs
Arts
Science
History
Sport
Soaps
ScienceFictio
Comedy
Music
Religion
Drama
News
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
Percentage
Annex 2c
Favorite Type of Programs in Kabul
NoneOfThem
Science
Crim e
Rom ance
Arts
ScienceFiction
Mus ic
Programs
Com edy
Action
Dram a
Religon
His tory
Docum entary
Celebrities
Soaps
Sports
News
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Percentage
Annex 2d
Favorite Type of Programs in Balkh
NoneOfThem
Science
Crime
Romance
Arts
ScienceFiction
Programs
Music
Comedy
Action
Drama
Religon
History
Documentary
Celebrities
Soaps
Sports
New s
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0

Percentage
Annex 2e
Favorite Type of Programs in Kandahar
NoneOfThem
Science
Crime
Romance
Arts
Science
Programs
Music
Comedy
Action
Drama
Religon
History
Documentary
Celebrities
Soaps
Sports
News
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Percentage
Annex - 3
How often do you access to news
Annex 3a

in Kabul
18%
27%
1 time per week
3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
15%
40%
Annex 3b

in Balkh
0% 6%
26%
1 time per week
3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
68%
Annex 3c
in Kandahar
0% 7%
15%
1 time per week
3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
78%
Annex 3d
in Nangrahar
0%
1%
1%
1 time per week

3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
98%
Annex 3e
in Herat
1% 8%
20%
1 time per week
3 times per week
Every day
Not at all
71%
Annex-4
How do you access to news?
Annex 4a
Stated Source of News in Kabul
9% 14%
Newspaper
Radio
TV
Internet
41%
36%
Annex 4b
Stated Source of News in Balkh
8%
19%
Newspaper
Radio
TV
Internet
44%
29%
Annex 4c
Stated Source of News in Herat
7% 12%
13%
Newspaper
Radio
TV
Internet
68%
Annex 4d
Stated Source of News in Nangrahar
6% 19%
Newspaper
Radio
TV
43% Internet
32%
Annex 4e
Stated Source of News in Kandahar
7%
19%
34% Newspaper
Radio
TV
Internet
40%
Annex - 5
Average expenditure for tour
Annex 5a
Average Expenditure in Total for Tour in Kabul
18000
Expenditure
8000
2500
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Percentage
Annex 5b
Average Expenditure in Total for Tour in Balkh
13000
Expenditure
8000
2500
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Annex 5c
Average Expenditure in Total for the Tour in Herat
Above 21000
18000
Expenditure
13000
8000
2500
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
Percentage
Annex 5d
Average Expenditure in Total for Tour in Kandahar
Above 21000
18000
Expenditure
13000
8000
2500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Percentage
Annex 5e
Average Expenditure in Total for Tour in Nangrahar
8000
Expenditure
2500
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percentage
Annex 6
Source of information about tourist places
Annex 6a
Source of Information about Tourist Places in Kabul
Other
Information
Internet
Source of
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Annex 6b
Source of Information about Tourist Places in Kandahar
Other
Internet
Difficulty
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
Percentage
Annex 6c
Source of Information about Tourist Places in Herat
Other
Internet
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Annex 6d
Source of Information about Tourist Places in Balkh
Other
Internet
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Percentage
Annex 6e
Source of Information about Tourist Places in Nangrahar
Other
Internet
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
percentage
Annex - 7
Average guest capacity and average guest occupancy rate
Annex 7a
Average guest capacity with average guest

occupancy rate in Kabul
120
100
80
Number
60
40
20
0
Guest capacity & Guest occupancy rate
Annex 7b
Average guest capacity with average

occupancy rate in Nangrahar
80
70
60
Number
50
40
30
20
10
0
Annex 7c
occupancy rate in Balkh
100
80
Number
60
40
20
0
Annex 7d
occupancy rate in Herat
70
60
50
Number
40
30
20
10
0
Annex 7e
occupancy rate in Kandahar
80
70
60
Number
50
40
30
20
10
0
Annex - 8
Purpose of staying in hotel
Annex 8a
Purpose of Stay in Hotel in Balkh
Visiting Friend/Family Member

Purpose of Staying
Passing Through
Other
Tourism
Business
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
Percentage
Annex 8b
Purpose of Staying in Hotel in Herat
Visiting Friend/Family
Member
Purpose of Staying
Passing Through
Other
Tourism
Business
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Percentage
Annex 8c
Purpose of Staying in Hotel in Kabul
Member
Purpose of Staying
Passing Through
Other
Tourism
Business
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Percentage
Annex 8d
Purpose of Staying in Hotel in Nangrahar
Purpose of Staying
Visiting Friend/Family Member
Passing Through
Other
Tourism
Business
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Percentage
Annex 8e
Purpose of Staying in Hotel in Kandahar
Member
Purpose of Staying
Passing Through
Other
Tourism
Business
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Percentage
Annex 9
Quality of services in hotel
Annex 9a
Quality of Services in of Accommodation in Kabul
6%
27% 15%
Poor
Very Good
Average
Good
52%
Annex 9b
Quality of Services in of Accommodation in Hirat
1% 9%
18%
Very Good
Good
Average
Poor
72%
Annex 9c
Quality of Services in of Accommodation in Balkh
15%
7%
Very Good
Poor
Good
57% Average
21%
Annex 9d
Quality of Services in of Accommodation in Nangarhar
1%
27% 26%
Very Good
Good
Average
Poor
46%
Annex 9e
Quality of Services in of Accommodation in Kandahar
15%
Poor
Good
Very Good
22% Average
58%
5%
Annex - 10
Value of money for services
Annex 10a
Value of Money for Services in Kabul
7%
9%
Reaonable
Expensive
Poor
84%
Annex 10b
Value of Money for Services in Balkh
8%
19%
Reasonable
Expensive
Poor
73%
Annex 10c
Value of Money for Services in Herat
2% 6%
Reasonable
Expensive
Poor
92%
Annex 10d
Value of Money for Services in Nangrahar
8%
10%
Reasonable
Expensive
Poor
82%
Annex 10e
Value of Money for Services in Kandahar
15%
12%
Reasonable
Expensive
Poor
73%
Annex 11
Hotel client assessment from the services
Annex 11a
Hotel Cleint Assessment from the Services in Kabul
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
Services
Food Presentation Very Good

Quality of Services Satisfactory
Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage
Annex 11b
Hotel Cleint Assessment from the Services in Balkh
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
Services

Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage
Annex 11c
Hotel Cleint Assessment from the Services in Herat
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
Services

Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage
Annex 11d
Hotel Cleint Assessment from the Services in Kandahar
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
S ervices

Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage
Annex 11e
Hotel Cleint Assessment from the Services in Nangrahar
Car Parking
Delivery Timing
Accommodation
Food Variety
Staff Attitude
Services

Needs improving
Food Quantity
Food Quality
Administration
Booking System
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percentage
Part II
Questionnaires
Annex-12a
Media sector-base Questionnaire
(1) General information
Media source name
Province (2) Status of media source station
Address
Directors name (a) Private (b) Public (c) NGO
Phone No
Email Address (3) Media type: (a) Local (b) International
Year Established
(4) Media Source: TV Radio Newspaper Magazine Cable
(5) Employee information Data

4.1 Total Number of Male Female Total
current full time employees 4.1.1 Local Foreigner Local Foreigner Local Foreigner
including owner
4.2 Job title Wage / Salary Afs Ave hrs of Working status
What is Their Job Title , Less 5000 9999 10000 14999 More working / week Full time Part time Temporary
Salary per month , Ave hrs than than
of working /week and 5000 15000
working status
(6) Proportion programming: (percentage)
(a) News (b) Entertainment (c) Documentary (d) Religion

(e) Science (f) Culture/Arts (g) Other Specify:
(7) Over the last 12 months did the number of employees: (a) Decline (b) Remain Stable (c) Grow
(7.1) If; (a) Decline by how many % (b) Grow by how many %
(8) When hiring new employees, how would you rate the overall degree of difficulty you have in getting qualified applicants?
(a) For-non-management positions in which previous experience is not required

Not difficult Quite difficult Very difficult
(b) For-non-management which previous experience is required.
(c) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is not required.
(d) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is required.
(9) How do you recruit new employees? (Tick the relevant box)
(a) Internal transfer
(b) Reference from other employers
(c) Reference from other employees
(d) Job seeker direct approach
(e) Registration at an employment centre
(f) Directly from training centre
(g) Others
Specify
(10) Do you employ foreigners? Yes No If yes, how many?
If yes, in which occupation?
(a) Management/Administrative skills

(b) Technical Skills
(c) Journalists
(d) Others
Specify ....
(11) What are the main sources of finance?
(a) Advertising %
(b) Sales of publication %
(c) Other % Explain: ...
Percentage in total: 100%
(12) What is your daily estimated range of circulation, number of listeners or viewers in Afghanistan?
(13) Please list main skill areas you would suggest for training courses designed for your employees?
(a) . (b) . (c) . (d)
Enumerator's name Respondent's name .Position Date: / /

Annex - 12b
Media opinion poll Questionnaire
1.1: Province name 1.2: City name 1.3: Location
2: Respondent name ________________ 2.1: Occupation __________________ 2.2: Sex: (a) Male (b) Female
2.3: Education level: (a) Illiterate (b) Primary (c) Middle (d) High school (e) University
2.4: Age: Phone No:
3: For News and Entertainment what you have at your home?
(a): TV (b): Radio (c): Bring Newspaper/magazine (d): Computer/Internet
(e) Cable (f) Tape Recorder (g) CD/DVD (h) None of them (i) Other Specify: ____________
4: In a normal day, on average, how many hours do you spend doing each of the following (please the relevant box)
Name of Media Time Spending

No time Less than 1 hrs 1-2 hrs 2-4 hrs Over 4 hrs
Watching TV
Listening to the Radio
Reading Newspaper
Reading books for leisure
Using internet
5: How often do you access the news?
(a): Every day (b) 3 time per week (c) 1 time per week
6: How do you access news?
Newspaper Radio TV Internet
7: Which of the following are your top 4 favorite types of Entertainment?
(a): News (b): Sports (c): Soaps (d): Celebrities (e): Documentary
(f): History (g): Religion (h): Drama (I): Action adventure (j): Comedy
(k): Music (L): Science fiction (m): Arts (n): Romance (o): Crime
(p): Science (q) None of them
8: Which of these sources are most useful in providing you with general news and information? (Identify top 4)
(a): TV News (b): Radio News (c): National/Local Newspaper (d): Magazine
(e): Internet (f): Personal experience (g): Educational Environment (h): Friends/ Family/Colleges
(I): Mosque (J): Other People
9: Are you satisfied with media coverage of news and public issues? Yes No
9.1: If no, what changes would you like to see? ..
10: Are you satisfied with the entertainment available on Radio and TV? Yes No
10.1: If no, what changes would you like to see? .
Enumerator's name: ____________________________ Completion date: / /1387

Annex - 13a:
Travel/Tourist Company Questionnaire
1.0 Tourist's Company Questionnaire

1.1 Province 1.2 City 1.3 Location
1.4 Tourist Company Name: Year of establishment:
1.5 Owner's Name: Mobile No:
2.0 Employee Information

2.1: Total number Male Female Total
of current full 2.1.1 Local Foreigner Local Foreigner Local Foreigner
time employees
including owner ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2.2 Job title Wage / Salary(Afs) Ave hrs of Working status
What is Their Job Less than 5000 10000 14999 More working/week Full time Part time Temporary
Title , Salary per 5000 9999 than
month , Ave hrs of 15000
working /week
and working
status
(3) What type services does your company provide?................................................................................................................................
(4) What type of tours do you mainly provide?
(a) Cultural/Heritage (b) Nature (wild life, camping) (c) Nature/Adventure (biking, Horse back riding, trekking)
(d) Boat tours (e) Other Explain:
(5) Approximately how many customers do you serve on average each year?
(6) Over the last 12 months did the number of employees:
(a) Decline (b) Remain Stable (c) Grow
(6.1) If:
(a) Decline by how many % (b) Grow by how many %
(e) For-non-management positions in which previous experience is not required

(f) For-non-management which previous experience is required.
(g) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is not required.
(h) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is required.
(8) Please list the main skill areas you would suggest for training courses designed for employees?
(a) ____________________ (b) _____________________ (c) _____________________ (d) ___________________
(9) What percent of your tourists is, Local: % Foreigner? %
(10) Have the numbers of tourists visiting your tourist places increased in the last year? Yes No
(11) What main services & improvements are needed in Afghanistan to make it more comfortable for tourists?
(12) What is your suggestion for future tourism development in the area?
Enumerator's name______________________ Completion date / / 1387

Annex -13b
Tourists' Opinion Questionnaire
1: Province Name 1.1: City Name 1.2: Location
2: Respondent Name: ___________________________ 2.1 Tourist place name: ____________________
2.2 Respondent tourist status: (a) Local (c) Foreigner 2.3 Occupation:
2.3 Education Level: (a) Illiterate (b) Primary (c) Middle (d) High school (e) University
2.4 Sex: (a) Male (b) Female 2.5 Age Mobile/Telephone:
3: How did you organize this trip?
(a) Through tour operator (b) Travel Agency (c) Internet (d) On your own
4: Do you have difficulties in organizing your tour? Yes No
If yes, what are the difficulties?

(a) Flight booking (b) Unavailability of information (c) Accommodation
(d) Acquiring Visa (d) Others Explain:
5: If you have traveled outside Afghanistan, how do you compare Afghanistan tourist places with other countries?
..
6: How can the government encourage tourists to come to Afghanistan?
(a) Providing more security for tourists.
(b) Advertise tourist places through the media.
(c) Attract investors to invest in the tourism sector in Afghanistan.
(d) Reconstruct roads to enable the tourist to visit tourist places more easily?
(e) Other
Explain
7: What is the best season for tourism in Afghanistan?
(a) Spring (b) Summer (c) Autumn (d) Winter

7.1 Why: Explain
8: How did you hear about this tourist place?
(a) Friends and / or relatives (c) Radio TV advertising
(d) Read about this in travel magazine / paper (e) Internet (f) Other
Explain:-
9: Approximately how much did you spend in total on this visit?

(a) Below 5000 Afs (b) 6000 10000 Afs (c) 11000 15000 Afs
(d) 16000 20000 Afs (e) above 21000 Afs
10: Would you recommend this place as a tourist destination to others? Yes No
If no, Please specify the reason
.................................................
11: What are your suggestions for future tourism development in Afghanistan?
12: In your opinion which the best attraction for tourism in Afghanistan?
..
13: What can the Government do to promote tourism in Afghanistan/ in your own country?
Enumerator's name: _____________________ Completion date: / /

Annex -14a
Hotel and Guesthouse Questionnaire
1.1 Province 1.2 City 1.3 Location
1.4 Hotel/Guesthouse's Name: 1.5 Year of establishment:
1.6 Owner's Name: Phone No:
2.0 Employee Information

2.1 Male Female Total
Number of 2.1.1 Local Foreigner Local Foreigner Local Foreigner
current full time
employees ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
including owner
2.2 Job title Wage / Salary(Afs) Ave hrs of Working status
What is Their Job Unpaid Less 5000 10000 More working/week Full Part time Temporary
Title , Salary per than 9999 14999 than time
month , Ave hrs 5000 15000
of working /week
and working
status
(3) What is your guest capacity?
(4) What is your guest average occupancy rate?

(5) What is the average price of room? High Afs. Mid Afs. Low ..Afs.
(6) Over the last 12 months did the number of employees:
(a) Decline (b) Remain Stable (c) Increase

(6.1) If:
(a) Percentage of decline % (b) Percentage of increase %
(i) For-non-management positions in which previous experience is not required
(j) For-non-management which previous experience is required
(k) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is not required.
(l) For management (but not experience management) Positions in which previous experience is required.
(8) How do you market your business?
(a) Nationally:...........................................................................(b) Internationally:
(9) Please list the main skill areas you would suggest for training courses designed for your employees?
(a) ____________________ (b) _____________________ (c) _________________________ (d) ____________________
Enumerator's name: ___________________________ Completion date: / / 1387

Annex -14b
Hotel Clients Questionnaire
1: Province Name 1.1: City Name 1.2: Location
2: Respondent Name: _________________________2.1 Respondent nationality: (a) Local (c) Foreigner
2.2 Education Level: (a) Illiterate (b) Primary (c) Middle (d) High school (e) University
2.3 Occupation:
2.4 Age 2.5. Sex: (a) Male (b) Female Mobile/Telephone:
3: Why you are staying in this hotel?
(a) Business (b) Tourism (d) Visit friend or family member (d) Passing through
(h) Other Explain .
4: How is quality of services of accommodation in this hotel?
(a) Poor (b) Average (c) Good (d) Very Good
5: How is the value of money for accommodation in this hotel?
(a) Poor (b) Reasonable (c) Expensive

6: What facilities are available to you?
(a) Internet (b) Transportation (c) TV (d) Room services (e) Other
Explain: ________________________________________
7: How did you find out about this Hotel?

(a) Internet (b) Hotel brochure (c) Referred by previous guests/Friends (d) Tourism department
(e) Other Explain: _________________________________________

8: (Please tick ( ) only one box in front of each service name)
Service names Very Good Satisfactory Needs Improving

Booking System
Administration
Food Quality
Food Quantity
Quality of Service
Food Presentation
Staff Attitude
Food Variety
Accommodation
Delivery Timing
Car Parking Facility
Surveyor's Name: _____________________ Completion date: /

Annex -15
Sample Distribution Table
S/No Province Media Media MOP MOP T.C T.C T.O.P T.O.P H&G H&G H.C H.C
Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual
1 Kabul 170 170 150 186 95 74 121 151 37 40 136 130

2 Nangrahar 17 24 150 167 4 4 128 140 9 10 103 110
3 Balkh 35 36 150 178 6 4 93 104 18 19 125 144
4 Herat 26 30 150 164 3 3 121 133 24 23 130 144
5 Kandahar 14 9 150 162 6 6 125 140 24 24 130 110
Total 262 269 750 857 114 91 588 668 112 116 624 638
Total planned 2450 Total actual 2639
Legend
A) Media: (TV, Radio, Newspaper, Magazine and Cable Network) B) MOP: Media Opinion Poll
C) TC: Travel Agency /Tourist Company D) TOP: Tourist Opinion Poll E) H&G: Hotel & Guest house F) HC: Hotel Client
Note:
Only the planned numbers of forms were entered into the database but incase of number of actual forms less than the number of forms
planned then the number of actual form were entered into the database. The numbers of media forms were subdivided by media types
as well as travel agencies and tourist companies and hotel and guesthouses.

An Urban Base Study of Media and Tourism and Hospitality - Afghanistan - Dec, 09

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An Urban Base Study of Media and Tourism and Hospitality - Afghanistan - Dec, 09

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled

National Skills Development Programme

An Urban Based Study of Labour Supply and Demand,

Finally, I wish to recognize contribution of Hameedullah Hamdard, Database Officer for

Jana Gul Hanify

8% employers in media sector demanded for hiring of foreigners. The breakdown of

Programming and publication

Salary by job type

1. B) Public Opinion on Media Sector

2. A) Travel and Tourism Sector

Skills Demand in travel/tourism sector

Salary by job type

90% respondents considered friends/relatives and 10% TV and Radio advertisements,

3. A) Hotels and Guesthouses

Business marketing method

3. B) Hotel Client Assessment

80% of the hotel customers referenced by previous guests/friends, 7% referenced to

Sampling source for the study

b. Media Opinion Poll

Tourist Opinion Poll

Hotels & Guesthouses survey

Hotel clients' survey

SAMPLING AND SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION

PRINT AND BROADCAST MEDIA SECTOR

Ownership Status of Media Sector (% )

Percentage of Employees by Type in Average Salary by Job Type in Print

Writer 16.8 Writer 6794

Journalist 8.9 Journalist 6363

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000

Percentage Average Salary (Afs)

Percentage of Employee by Job Type in Average Salary by Job Type in

Writer 0.1 Writer 12500

Theater 0.3 Theater 2500

Technical Officer 10.9 Technical Off icer 8285

Setup Operator 1.8 Setup Operator 2916

Secretary 0.5 Secretary 17500

Screen Lighter 0.1 Lightman 2500

Reporter 5.2 Reporter 8382

Receptionist 0.1 Receptionist 7500

Producer 8.0 Producer 9785

Presenter 0.9 Presenter 9166

New s Presenter 8.5 New s Presenter 8750

Manager 3.8 Manager 8357

Journalist 6.7 Journalist 12222

IT Officer 0.2 IT Off icer 15000

HR Officer 0.1 HR Off icer 12500

Guard 3.0 Guard 4772

Cook 0.8 Cook 5500

1.4 Employment by Gender and Nationality in Media Sector

Employment by Gender and Nationality in Media Sector

Employment Status Broken Down with Print & Broadcast

Broadcast Media Print Media

1.6 Demands for Hiring Foreigners

Journalist Technical Management/Admin English Language Skill

1.7 Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants

Degree of Difficulty in Finding Qualified Applicants for Non

44% Not Difficult

The respondents' answers were categorized in the following three options:

1.8 Employment level over the last 12 months

Employment level over the last 12 months

1.9 Percentage of Programming in Broadcast Media

Radio TV Cable Network