COTTON:

FIBR MOISTURE AND RESILIENCE SHRINKAGE EFFECT CLEANIN

E DUST/DIRT OF G AND
EFFECT MOTH/MIL WASHABI
DEW LITY
COTT Easily absorbs wrinkle and does not shrink, The mildew absorbs
ON water, hence get crease readily its due to and bacteria dust due to
dirty easily also the due to finishing damages its rough
surface is rough so inelasticity process cotton nature
dust adheres eaily stretching
application
WOO It can absorb up to natural Wool is Wool has -
L 50% of its weight elastic resistant natural anti-
and carry upto 20% recover shrinkage. odour
weight, without y However, long properties,
giving the feeling of fine exposure to Easily
being wet. Upon fibers moisture may attacked by
drying, it losses absorb cause moths but
moisture slowly, less shrinkage. mildews do
preventing rapid water not affect it.
evaporation thus weight
avoiding chilling per
feel to the user. It cross-
absorbs perspiration section
after violent exercise al area,
and guards the body so they
against sudden are
change in more
temperature. Resilie
Wool is breathable, nt than
allowing air and coarse
moisture to pass fibers.
through the fabric in The
both directions. efficien
Wool is self thermo- cy of
regulating, by wickin
producing a micro g is
climate, it keeps the also
wearer cool when it greater
is hot, and warm with a
 when it is cold. fine-
fibered
fabric
RAYO Viscose rayon is one Viscose rayon Viscose rayon Like cotton, Because of
N of the most lacks the fabrics tend to Viscose smoothness
absorbent of all resilience (may shrink more rayon have , Viscose
textiles. It is more depend on than cotton tendency to rayon fiber
absorbent than manufacturing fabrics mildew. Such helps to
cotton or linen, but and finishing fabrics produce
less than wool and process) should not be hygienic
silk. allowed to fabrics that
remain in shed dirt.
damp Since
conditions Viscose
rayons
temporarily
looses
strength
when wet,
it must be
handled
with care
when
washed.

POLY Polyester is one of Polyester If the polyester Polyester

ESTE the least absorbent fibers have is properly heat fibers are
R fibers. This low high degree of set, it will not generally
absorbency has resilience. shrink, nor smooth, has
important stretch when low
advantages- they subjected to absorbency,
will dry very fast, boiling water, many stains
suited for water boiling cleaning lie on
repellent purposes, solvents or surface,
such as rain wear ironing and are
and they do not stain temperatures easily
easily that are lower washed
than heat setting
temperatures.
Polyester have
excellent
 dimensional
stability

Silk Silk retains the silk have its smooth

shape and normal surface
resists shrinkage does not
wrinkling which can be attract dirt
easily restored

Properties of Fibres
The properties of textile fibres can be classified into two categories:
1. Physical properties, which are further classified as under:
i) Mechanical properties
ii) Moisture absorption characteristics
iii) Electrical properties
iv) Thermal characteristics and
v) Optical characteristics
2. Chemical/biological properties

Wrinkle resistance
Resilience- It means that when fibre is compressed and later when the pressure is released.
It will tend to return to its original shape. Resistance to compression varies from fibre to
fibre.
This quality causes the fabric to be wrinkle resistant with the resistance varying according
to the degree of elasticity inherent in the fibre. Wool has outstanding resiliency while it is
poor in cotton

Also, wrinkle property is associated with the resilience of the fibres. Wrinkles are created after
washing and wearing if the fibre type is not resilient enough. So, by improving the resilience or
by taking a high resilient fibre we can impart the wrinkleless fabric upto a certain level
depending on the type and amount of finishing we apply.

Wrinkling is more in cellulosic fibres as compared to synthetic fibres although finishing can
improve it. Due to less moisture absorption, synthetic fibres are easily washable and spot
removing can be done easily. Spot removing is difficult if fibre moisture absorption is higher
because the dust etc particles creates strong bond with the fibre and thus it becomes difficult to
break the bond. So, water repellent property may be imparted into the fibre by applying finishing
technology onto it to get easy dust removal. http://bieap.gov.in/Pdf/CGTPaperII.pdf
Wrinkle resistance will eliminate the need of ironing while less moisture absorption will
improve easy washing.

Dust Resistant/Clean ability/Wash ability

Surface structure (rough or smooth) relates to dust attraction. If fabric surface is smooth is is
less likely to attract dust. If the surface of the fabric is rough then it is more likely to adhere dirt
and dust on its surface. Polyester has trilobal surface structure which tends to repel dust while
wool has scales on its structure so dust does not penetrate inside the fibre.

Polyester

http://bieap.gov.in/Pdf/CGTPaperII.pdf

Sweat absorption and fast drying property

Moisture handling properties of textiles during intense physical activities have been regarded as
major factor in the comfort performance. Actually the comfort perceptions of clothing are
influenced by the wetness or dryness of the fabric and thermal feelings resulting from the
interactions of fabric moisture and heat transfer related properties. For the garment that is worn
next to skin should have
a) good sweat absorption and sweat releasing property to the atmosphere, and
b) fast drying property for getting more tactile comfort.
Water evaporation percentage indicates the fabric ability to evaporate the liquid from outer
surface to the environment and hence determines the fabric drying capacity. Evaporation-drying
ability is closely related to fibre type and moisture releasing ability as well as fabric thickness,
construction and fabric weight
The liquid moisture transfer and quick drying behavior of textiles depend mainly on capillary
capability and moisture absorbency of the fibres along with free surface energy as well as size
and shape of fibres, fibre fineness, fibre surface smoothness, yarn structure, twist, fabric
thickness and porosity. According to Crow and Osczevski the amount of water freely picked up
by fabric is determined by fabric thickness; the more water fabric holds initially, the longer it
takes to dry. Liquid transfer through textiles involves two sequential processes, namely wetting
and wicking
http://www.sasmira.org/sportwear.pdf

Mildew Resistant
Protected against fungus, odor, and mildew growth

Water repellency
A water repellent fabric is one in which the fibers are usually coated with a " hydrophobic" type
of compound, and the pores are not filled in the course of the treatment
Pores- Unfilled
Water vapour permeability- Small/large
Air permeability- usually large
Water repellent fabric are Resistance to wetting and wicking
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/38/jresv38n1p103_A1b.pdf

http://www.sasmira.org/sportwear.pdf

Anti shrink/Shrink resistant-

Dimensional stability relates to the shrinkage.

Shrinkage is the process in which a fabric becomes smaller than its original size, usually
through the process of laundry. For wool garments, shrinkage is due to scales on the fibers
which heat, water and agitation cause to stick together. Other fabrics are stretched by mechanical
forces during production, and can shrink slightly when heated. Some clothes are "pre-shrunk" to
avoid this problem.
Shrinkage is a reduction in fabric length or width; growth is a term used for an increase in a
fabric dimension. A fabric that neither shrinks nor grows is said to be dimension-ally stable.

http://angelasancartier.net/performance-finishes

Blending

Fibre blends
Among the various types of blends available in market today polyster, cotton
terycotton, silk, linen cotton, viscose rayon and cotton and nylon.
Reasons of blending are:
To facilitate processing.
To improve properties like dimensional stability.
To produce better performance.
To improve textute, hand or feel appearance of fabrics.
To produce multi color fabrics.
To reduce cost
http://bieap.gov.in/Pdf/CGTPaperII.pdf