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DPS Telecon Meeting (May 08, 2000)

Time: 4:00PM EDT (1:00PM PDT)

Access Phone Number: 877-233-4763
Access Code: 2867842
Pass Code: 032716

AGENDA

Some discussions on front end PFC

Secondary Regulation for Front End DC/DC

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

Some discussions on front end PFC

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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The efficiency improvement of QSW Totem-Pole PFC is limited.

DR1 S1 D1
Lb

Cb Load
N
Line In DR2 S2 D2

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

Totem-pole voltage doublers are possible to further improve the efficiency.

C1
S1

Line In Load

S2 C2

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Several other possible circuits

For example:

D1 C1
S1 C2

Line In Load Load

Line In Bi-directional switch

C1 C2
S2
D2

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

How to select topology?

How to chose devices?

We need to develop a tool to evaluate selections.

Efficiency prediction model (including conduction loss and switching loss)

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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Question 1: How to chose Capacitors?

Instantaneous capacitor current RMS
Condition : 1kW @ 90VAC
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12

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Current Stress (A)

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Phase (wt)
Voltage Doubler Totem-Pole CCM (charging cycle)
Voltage Doubler Totem-Pole CCM (discharging cycle)
QSW Totem-Pole
Conventional boost CCM

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

Total Capacitor Current RMS value

Topology Total RMS (A)

Conventional Boost(CCM) 5.21

Totem-pole boundary w/o 6.18

interleaving
Voltage doubler totem-pole 7.43
(CCM)

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Question 2: How to chose range switch?

Mechanical Switch or Electronic Switch ?

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Secondary Side Regulation for

Front End DC/DC Converter

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Introduction
Front End DC/DC converter
Asymmetrical Half Bridge

C1 Q1
Co

C
Vin

Load
C2 Q2

Spec:
Input voltage: 300V - 400V
Output voltage: 48V
Output power: 1kW

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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Previous Work
Range Winding for Wide Input Range Operation of Front
End DC/DC Converter Duty Cycle vs. Input Voltage
0.5
N2
0.45

L1 D1 0.4
L1 D1 D3
Co Co 0.35
Duty Cycle

Np N1 Np N1
Q
0.3
D2 D2 D4
L2 L2
0.25

0.2
N2
0.15
300 320 340 360 380 400
Input Voltage(V)

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Test Efficiency
0.96

0.95

0.94

0.93
Turn ratio: 10:6
Turn ratio: 10:7

0.92

0.91
0 5 10 15 20 25

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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Secondary Regulation

Question:
Can we use the range winding and range switch to
do more work?

Secondary regulation

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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Basic Concept

N2

C1 Q1
L1 D1 D3
Co
Vin N1
Q

L2 D2 D4
C2 Q2

N2

Primary side switches work at constant duty D=0.5

Use range switch Q to regulate the output voltage

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Operation

N2 Vprimary

Vg_Q
L1 D1 D3
N1
Co (n1+n2)*Vin-Vo
n1*Vin-Vo
Vo > Vin _ max*
Np N1 V_L1 Np * 4
Q
D2 D4 N1 + 2 * N 2
L2 Vo
Vo < Vin _ min*
Np * 4
V_L2
N2

Vin
Vo = * ( N1* 0. 5 + N 2 * D)
2
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Comparison
Topologies:
Secondary Regulation
Symmetrical Half Bridge
Asymmetrical Half Bridge

Aspects to be compared:
Wide input range capability
ZVS capability
Input filter
Output filter
Voltage stress of secondary devices

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Wide range capability

Symmetrical Half Bridge
Asymmetrical Half Bridge
Problem:
Small duty at normal condition
High input and output current ripple
Low efficiency
Unbalanced stress on devices

Secondary Regulation
Can run with very wide input range without
those penalties

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ZVS Capability

Symmetrical Half Bridge

No ZVS for primary switches

Asymmetrical Half Bridge

ZVS can be realized with leakage inductance

Secondary Regulation
ZVS can be realized with leakage inductance

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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Input Current Waveform

Secondary Regulation Symmetrical Half Bridge

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Output Current Waveform

Secondary Regulation

Asy Half Bridge

Sym Half Bridge

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Voltage Stress On Secondary
Diode

Secondary Regulation Asy Half Bridge

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Stress

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Voltage Stress on Two Auxiliary 24

Diodes

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Conclusion
1. Secondary regulation can be realized with extra winding, which
also solves the hold up time problem
2. Secondary regulation can cover wider input range with less
panelties compared with Asymmetrical and Symmetrical half
bridge
3. ZVS can be easily achieved by utilize leakage energy
4. Input and output current ripple are smaller compare with Asy. and
Sym. Half bridge
5. Voltage stress on the diodes is balanced and smaller compared
with Asy. and Sym. Half bridge

DPS Telecon 05/08/00

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