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http://www.dairyprocessinghandbook.com/chapter/dairy-effluent

Inline Monitoring of Key Contaminant Levels COD (Chemical oxygen demand), EC, pH, Turbidity, Protein, Fat.

Spray Dryers,

Zero discharge of wastewater to sewer

Refrigeration system, Variable speed drive (VSD) Compressor, PHD, Ice Bank,

Boiler House

Water & wastewater management used ETP.

Water used in cooiling water, Operaton Process, crate wash, Pasteurisation, CIP,

treatment of incoming water, pumping, maintenance costs (e.g. pumps and replacement of
corroded pipework and equipment)

Measuring water consumption:- Flow meters, pipe size, flow rate (L/min), fluid
quality , type of power supply (mains, battery or solar), accuracy required and piping
installation costs.,

Reducing demand for water: processing:- pump sealing

water, homogeniser cooling water, belt filter sprays or carton machine cooling water. >
Efficient process control A wide variety of devices are used in dairy factories to
detect operating parameters such as level, flow, temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity.
These are
particularly important for detecting the quality of processing and waste streams to
enable the maximum recovery of product, chemical and water > Leaks Leaking equipment
such as pumps shaft seal, Ball valves and !-inch hoses, Union/flange,

Design and selection of processing equipment and process

layout:- minimise the risk of product as reducing water and chemical use, time taken for
cleaning, Pipe runs should be designed with minimal bends and dead legs, > Dry
cleaning> CIP Clean-in-place (CIP) systems are commonly used in dairy processing
plants for cleaning tanks, piping, filling machines, pasteurisers, homogenisers and other
items
of equipment.

Pigging system, Crate washers,

Utilities:- Cooling Tower, Boiler,Air-Handling and Water Systems of
Buildings Microbial Control Design, Installation And Commissioning, Equipment
sealing water > Vaccum Pump, Centrifugal Pumps &
Homogenisers, Sealing & cooling water.

Machinery Section (Energy Distribution ) :- Bottling & Cartoning,

Heat Exchanger, Air Compressors, Refrigeration & Cold stores,
CIP, WASHDOWEN, Bottle Washing, Milk Process. Spary drying
evaporators, Boiler.

Standardisation Unit, Condensator,

Dairy processors typically use the vapour compression cycle refrigeration system consisting
of a compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion valve. Minimising Temperature
Difference, Hot gas bypass defrost,

Compressed air systems :- operation of valves, filling and packing machines, and
for cleaning spray dryer bag filters. Compressed air leaks, Optimising air pressure,
Reducing inlet air temperature,

Homogenisers:- Once an optimal pressure control strategy is established and

understood, the energy consumption of the homogeniser can also be calculated and
incorporated into plant energy-management
programs.

Motors:- Efficiency (%),Hours of operation per year, Sizing a motor, Variable speed drives,
Rewinding motor.

Air-conditioning and air-handling systems:- Direct expansion, Chilled

water, Choosing energy-efficient system,

Heat recovery:- Pasteurisers and sterilisers use a regenerative heat exchange

process, which recovers
heat from hot pasteurised milk to pre-heat incoming chilled milk. Regeneration ratios can be
calculated to determine the efficiency of the pasteuriser;

Yield optimisation and product

recovery:-
Pigging is generally used for viscous products such as yoghurts, dairy desserts or cream

Cleaning:- Physically clean, Chemically clean, fouling for Organic deposits &
Inorganic deposits, Detergents, acids and sanitisers.