TERMODINAMICA - FORMULE RECAPITULATIVE

1
1. 1 u m0 ,12C 1,66 10 27 kg ( unitatea at .de mas ), m0 N ( masa unei
12 A

molecule )
N M V
2. N V ( nr. de moli )
A

molecule molecule m3 l
3. N A 6,024 10 26 6,024 10 23 , V 22,4 22,4
kmol mol kmol mol

F N
p , p S .I . Pa pascal ,
S m2

4. p g h
N N N
1 torr 1 mm Hg 133,4 2 , 1 atm 760 torr 1,014 10 5 2 105 2
m m m

t0 0 0C
5. ( condiii normale )
p0 1 atm
p0V J
6. R ( constanata universal a g.i. ), R 8310
T0 kmol K

R J
7. k 1,38 10 23 ( constanata lui Boltzmann ) , R k N A
NA K

N
n
V
8. N molecule
nL A 2,7 10 25 nr. Loschmidt
V m3
m0 v 2
9. c
2

2 m0 v 2 2 m0 v 2 1 2
10. p n n v 2 n c ( formula fundamental a t.c.m. )
3 2 3 2 3 3

11. T ( K ) t 0
C 273,15 , t ( 0F ) 32
9
5
t 0
C
3RT 3 pV 3 p
12. vT v2 ( viteza termic sau viteza ptratic medie )
m

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina

 8 RT 8 kT 2 RT 2kT
13. v ( viteza medie ) , v p ( viteza cea mai
m0 m0

probabil )
N m0 m 1 p p pT0
14. n m0 , p v 2 , 0 0 , 0
V V 3 RT0 RT p0T
gh

15. T const. , p p e RT ( formula barometric )
0

16.
17. n1 m01 n2 m02 amestecuri de gaze

nr.molecule disociate
gr. de disociere nr. total init. de molecule

18.
2 N atomi

1 N molecule
N nr. total init. de molecule disociere
pV 2 N 1 N k T

Q J
C T , C S .I . K , Q C T

Q J
19. c , c S .I . , Q m c T , C m c coeficieni calorici
m T kg K
Q J
C , C S .I . , Q C T , C c
T kmol K
Q J
20. q puterea caloric , q S .I . , Q m q
m kg

L J
21. J echivalentul mecanic al caloriei , J S .I . ,
Q cal

L J Q , 1cal150C 4,18 J

22. Qcedat Q primit ec. calorimetric

T const.
23.
pV const. Boyle Mariotte
m const
Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina
 V
V t
p const.
0

24. V V0 1 t Gay Lus ac

m const
V
const.
T

p
p t
V const.
0

25. p p0 1 t Charles
m const
p
const.
T
m
26. pV R T R T N k T , p n k T ec. termic de stare a g . i.

p0
v pn pompa de vid
27. p n p0 1 n pompa de compresiun e ; v
n

V 1
V

i 3 gaz monoat.
i i i
28. U R T p V CV T N k T ec. calorica de st. a g. i. i 5 gaz biat.
2 2 2 i 6 gaz poliat.

29. L p V

30. U Q L principiul I

R
31. C p CV R , c p cV rel . Robert Mayer

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina

 Cp cp i2
32. ( exponent adiabatic ) ,
CV cV i

R i i2
CV R, Cp R R
1 2 1 2

33. Apliciile principiului I al termodinamicii:

L p V 0

V 0 m
CV T2 T1
Tranformarea izocor:
U Q CV T

m
L p V p V 2 V1 R T2 T1

m
Tranformarea izobar: p 0 U CV T CV T2 T1

m
Q C p T C p T2 T1

U 0

Tranformarea izoterm: T 0 V2 m V2
L Q R T ln V R T ln V
1 1

Tranformarea adiabatic :

m
Q 0 U L CV T CV T2 T1

p V const.
ec. Poisson T V 1 const.
1
T p const.

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina


p V n const.
C Cp
34. n ind. politropic T V n1 const. ec. politropei
C CV 1n
T p const.
n

L Q2
35. 1 ( randamentul termic )
Q1 Q1
Q2 Q1
36. ( eficiena mainii frigorifice ) ; ( eficiena pompei de cldur )
L L

L T
37. Carnot 1 2
Q1 T1

1 V1 1 V V
38. 1 , ; 1 , 1 , 3
Otto
1 V2 Diesel
1
1 V2 V2
Q J
39. , S .I . , Q m
m kg

1
40. 1K TT , H 2O
273,16

T
41. pamestec p0 ps T
T0

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina