Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Psychology for
Health and Social care
Task 1
1.1 Comparison of different psychological theories
Life cycle of human includes various life stages such as infancy, childhood, adolescence,
adulthood and the last death stage. With the help of psychological theories like continuity,
discontinuity, open ended etc., these life stages of human could be understand easily. Description
of psychological theories, life stages and its characteristics has been stated below:
Infancy (0-2 years) Comparison between stage theory and open ended
In the infancy life stage, infants are theory:
dependent on their care givers like parents. The stage theory describes that each and
Early Childhood (3-10 years) every human faces equal life stages from their
In early childhood stage, they are birth to death in their life span development.
less dependent or increasingly become According to this theory, future expectation of
independent from care givers. In this stage, human influences and motives him or her to select
they start to learn and observe things. development path which is appropriate for them.
(Greene, 2008) However, according to open ended theory, every
to make relationship with life partner and individual in their late adulthood stage uses few
begin their family. strategies and methods which are linked with their
previous actions and past behaviours in their life
Late adulthood (41-70+ years)
span development. However, the discontinuity
In the late adulthood stage,
theory helps to find out unexpected and sudden
individual expands their responsibilities
changes in different stages of human life. This
and involvements in social activity.
theory also concentrates on changes like
Further, in the life they start to adjust
indifferent and isolated which occur in the
towards the changes and perception.
individual's life stage (Kershner and Farrell,
(Munn and Winter, 2013)
2009).
Play age Purpose In early childhood stage, they puts efforts to apply
(3-5 years) -conflict between so much power. If, they face disapproval then they
initiative and guilt will develop guilt sense. (Cameron, 2012)
Theory of Piaget-
It is development stage theory which describes differences of logical abilities in
child and adult. Piaget stated that through both environmental experience and biological
maturation, human improves gradually in the various life stages. In this, four stages are included
which are discussed below:
Sensor motor stage (0-2 years)- Infants observe things and people who are around them and
their knowledge are limited. In this stage, they learn through various trial and errors.
Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)- To present things, they use images and words. Their
imagination power and languages are more developed. (Tuckman and Monetti, 2010)
Conclusion
With the help of this report it is identified that psychological theories plays a important
role in health and social care sector. In the present report, it is analysed that there are various
types of psychological theories are present which are related to different life stage of individual's
life span development process. In the addition this report also helps to understand the factors like
social and biological which influence and shapes the behaviour of human. Thus to identify the
impact of various factors, the psychological theories provide evidence for treatment services and
study. It also includes the concept that social roles are very important in health and social care
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settings. Further in this report it is also described that psychological theories affects the
individual's behaviour change and it also describes that psychological theories can enhance
the understanding of relationships in health and social care sector. In last it is articulated that to
generate a better health care services and facilities, psychological theories must be effectively
developed and studied.