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INTERNATIONAL
REPORT 2016/17
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL
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Original language: English
UNICEF
United Nations Childrens Fund
UPR
UN Universal Periodic Review
USA
United States of America
WHO
World Health Organization
DEATH PENALTY
All countries in the region retained the death
penalty but there were wide disparities in the
range of offences penalized by it and in its
application. No new death sentences were
handed down in Bahrain, Oman or in Israel,
which has abolished the death penalty for
ordinary crimes only. Although courts
WOMENS RIGHTS
CANADA In March, the government committed to
promoting the sexual and reproductive health
and rights of women and girls through its
Canada
international development programme.
Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by
Governor General David Johnston In September, the National Inquiry into
Head of government: Justin Trudeau Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
and Girls was launched. Its mandate did not
explicitly include police actions or measures
PRISON CONDITIONS
Overcrowding, dilapidated infrastructure and
under-funding contributed to dire prison
DENMARK
conditions. Most of the prison population
Kingdom of Denmark
comprised detainees awaiting trial.
Head of state: Queen Margrethe II
Malnutrition, infectious diseases and an Head of government: Lars Lkke Rasmussen
absence of appropriate health care led to the
deaths of at least 100 prisoners. An
estimated 1,000 prisoners escaped. The government introduced serious
restrictions to asylum and migration laws
RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD and suspended an agreement with UNHCR,
OFLIVING the UN refugee agency, to accept refugees
Extreme poverty remained widespread. for resettlement. Procedural rules created
According to the World Food Programme, an delays for transgender people seeking legal
estimated 63.6% of the population were gender recognition. A claim by Iraqis for
living below the national poverty line and torture against the Ministry of Defence was
lacking access to basic needs such as ruled admissible.
adequate food, safe drinking water,
sanitation, adequate health services and REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS
education. According to the estimates, over 7 In January, Parliament amended the Aliens
million people were food insecure and nearly Act, restricting the right to family
half of all children under the age of five were reunification. Individuals granted subsidiary
suffering from chronic malnutrition. An protection status had to wait for three years
economic crisis led to a sharp fall in the value before being eligible to apply for family
of the Congolese franc against the US dollar, reunification. In October, four Syrians who
hitting hard the purchasing power of the had been granted protection started legal
population. action against the government, on the
grounds that the amendments violated their
RIGHT TO EDUCATION right to family life.
Although the Constitution guarantees free In August, the UN Human Rights
primary education, the school system Committee criticized the amendments and
continued to function because of the raised concern about a further amendment to
institutionalized practice of school fees the Act which introduced the possibility of
covering teachers wages and school confiscating asylum-seekers assets as a
expenses. Youth activists who protested contribution towards the costs of their
peacefully in Bukavu, South Kivu, against the reception. The same bill also included a
school fees at the beginning of the school provision which gave the executive power to
year in September were arrested and held for suspend judicial oversight over the detention
short periods. of migrants and asylum-seekers when the
Armed conflict had a severe impact on government considered there was a large
education. Dozens of schools were used as influx of people to the country.
IDP camps or as military bases for the army
DEATH PENALTY 1. Guine: Consternation face la mort dun homme par balle (News
The revised Criminal Code abolished the story, 17 August)
death penalty for ordinary crimes. The 2. Guine: La condamnation de cinq syndicalistes est une violation du
Military Code of Justice still provided for droit la libert dexpression (News story, 25 March)
capital punishment for exceptional crimes, 3. Guinea: New criminal code drops death penalty but fails to tackle
including treason and revolt at time of war or impunity and keeps repressive provisions (News story, 5 July)
state of emergency. A bill seeking to remove 4. Guinea: One year on, no justice for election violence (News story, 10
these provisions was pending in the National October)
Assembly.
IMPUNITY
There was little progress in the trial relating to
GUINEA-BISSAU
the massacre in the Grand Stade de Conakry Republic of Guinea-Bissau
in2009, when security forces killed more Head of state: Jos Mrio Vaz
than 100 peaceful demonstrators and injured Head of government: Umaro Sissoco Embal (replaced
at least 1,500 others. Dozens of women were Baciro Dj in November, who replaced Carlos Correia in
raped. May)
None of the members of the security
forces suspected of using excessive force The continuing political crisis delayed
against peaceful opposition demonstrators, implementation of recommendations of the
leading to death and injuries between 2011 UN Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of
and 2016, have been brought to justice.4 2015, and hindered economic and social
There was still no investigation of members reforms. No progress was made in
of the security forces involved in rape and improving prison conditions. The judiciary
other forms of torture, systematic pillage and did not always follow due process, and was
contamination of water in Womey village, criticized for incompetence and corruption.
Nzrkor region, in September 2014.
No progress was made in the trial of four BACKGROUND
members of the security forces charged with In February, the UN Security Council
killing six people during a strike at a mine in extended the mandate of the UN Integrated
Zogota in 2012. Peace Building Office in Guinea-Bissau
The revised Criminal Code contained (UNIOGBIS) for another year.
vague language relating to actions justifiable
CHILDRENS RIGHTS
The NGO Jamaicans for Justice reported that
JAPAN
children were still being detained in police Japan
lockups for being uncontrollable, often for Head of government: Shinzo Abe
illegal periods and in inhumane conditions.
DISCRIMINATION ROMA
Prosecutions following the 2015 revelations In September, the European Court of Human
of high-level corruption were slowed down Rights (ECtHR) communicated to Macedonia
by political infighting while witness a complaint in relation to 53 Roma
protection was limited. Roma faced individuals who challenged their forced
discrimination in accessing basic rights and eviction from the Polygon settlement in
services. Refugees and migrants were Skopje in August which left them in tents and
routinely pushed back at the border with makeshift shelters on the outskirts of the
Greece or faced detention in poor facilities capital.
in Macedonia. About 600 refugees, mainly Roma, who
had fled Kosovo in 1999-2000, remained at
BACKGROUND risk of losing their access to livelihoods and
The political crisis prompted by the other rights as the authorities continued to
publication in 2015 of audio recordings revoke their right to stay in the country on
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
Demonstrations in the capital Chiinu and
elsewhere remained peaceful, except for
some minor clashes between protesters and
police. The police response, although
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Republic of Namibia On 15 April, two Japanese journalists
Head of state and government: Hage Gottfried Geingob employed by Japans television group Asahi
were briefly detained by Namibian security
Detainees acquitted after the long-running forces soon after interviewing the Deputy
Caprivi treason trial lived in fear of being Prime Minister Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah at
rearrested after the Prosecutor General the Hosea Kutako International Airport. The
decided to appeal against the court ruling. journalists interviewed the Deputy Prime
There was a high incidence of gender-based Minister in connection with a munitions
violence, including rape, against women factory being built by nationals of the
guarantee respect of the right to life, personal 4. Nicaragua: El Estado nicaragense no debe ignorar a las
comunidades indgenas y afrodescendientes que demandan el
and territorial integrity and cultural identity.
respeto a sus derechos (AMR 43/4919/2016)
affiliated to the ruling National Congress Party 10. Sudan: Government must investigate brutal killing of 18-year-old
violently disrupted a public seminar university student by intelligence agents (News story, 20 April)
REFUGEES AND ASYLUM-SEEKERS 4. Turkey: Further information academics targeted for peace appeal,
released (EUR 44/3902/2016)
Turkey was the worlds biggest host of
5. Joint Statement: Turkey state of emergency provisions violate
refugees and asylum-seekers with an human rights and should be revoked (EUR 44/5012/2016)
estimated 3 million refugees and asylum-
6. Turkey: Security operations in southeast Turkey risk return to
seekers residing in the country with widespread human rights violations seen in the 1990s (EUR
significant populations of Afghans and Iraqis 44/4366/2016)
alongside 2.75 million registered Syrians, 7. Turkey: No safe refuge asylum-seekers and refugees denied
who were provided with temporary protection effective protection in Turkey (EUR 44/3825/2016)
status. The EU concluded a migration deal 8. Turkey: Displaced and dispossessed Sur residents right to return
with Turkey in March aimed at preventing home (EUR 44/5213/2016)
RIGHT TO HEALTH
In January, following its review of Zimbabwes
second periodic report, the UN Committee on
the Rights of the Child noted the negative
impact of the severe economic decline on the
delivery of services to children. The
Committee expressed serious concern about
the high rates of maternal, neonatal and child
mortality; malnutrition among children under
the age of five; and the significant number of
deaths of children under five owing to
inadequate sanitation and the lack of clean
drinking water.
In the context of continuing widespread
food insecurity, particularly among poor
households in the south of the country, the
Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission
criticized the government for partisan
distribution of food aid and agricultural
subsidies in five districts.
CHILDRENS RIGHTS
The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
expressed extreme concern about the high
rate of sexual violence experienced by
adolescent girls as well as early pregnancy
and child marriage and its correlation with
the school dropout rate of adolescent girls.
HOUSING RIGHTS
On 21 January, Harare City Council
demolished over 100 houses in Arlington
Estate belonging to members of the