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ISBN 3-446-15956-8 (Munich)
ISBN 1-56990-129-5 (New York)

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All right reserved. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich/FRG.

Authorized translation from the original English language edition published by
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ISBN 5-93913-081- Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 1994

ISBN 3-446-15956-8 (Munich) .., . 1,2,5,2005
ISBN 1-56990-129-5 (New York) ., . 3,4,2005
.., . 6,2005
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1. 11
1.1. () 11
1.2. () 13
1.3. 14
1.4. 18
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1.6. 23
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2.2. 25
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2.2.3. 40
2.2.4. (, )
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2.3.2. 70
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2.5. 109
2.6. 113
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2.6.3. 120
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3.8. 213
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3.10. 219
3.11. 220
3.12. 222
4. 223
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6. , 373
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6.3.3. , 394
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6.4. 404
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6.5. 446
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6.5.3. 466
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6.5.5. () 472
6.5.6. 474
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6.5.9. 479
6.6. 480
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- 499


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(SPE) .
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, Plastics Engineering,
Polymer Engineering and Science, Journal of Vinyl Technology Polymer Composites. ,
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: 14 Fairfield Drive,
Brookfield Center, Connecticut 06805.



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1.6.
1. Deanin, R., Polymer Structure, Properties, and Applications, Cahners Publishing, Boston,
MA (1972).
2. Technical Bulletin, Designing with Plastics, Hoechst Celanese, Chatham, NJ (1989).
3. Technical Bulletin, Engineering Materials Design Guide, General Electric Plastics,
Pittsfield,MA(1989).
4. Moore, G. and Kline, D., Properties and Processing of Polymers for Engineers, Prentice-
Hall, Inc., London (1984).
5. Clements, L., Polymer Science for Engineers, Engineering Plastics I landbook, American
Society of Metals, International, Metals Park, OH (1988).
6. Technical Bulletin, Engineering Thermoplastics Basic Design Manual, The Dow Chemical
Co., Midland, MI (1988).
7. Dym, J., Product Design with Plastics, Industrial Press, Inc., NY (1983).
8. Powell, P., Plastics for Industrial Designers, The Plastics Institute, London (1973).
9. MacDermott, C, Selecting Thermoplastics for Engineering Applications, Marcel Dekker,
Inc., NY (1984).
10. Ehrcnstein, G. and Erhard, G., Designing with Plastics, Hanser Publishers, Munich (1984).
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 3.

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3.12.

1. Nagarsheth, P., SPE Annual Technical Conference, 35, 220 (1989).

2. Woodruff, D., Business Week, April 30,110 (1990).
3. Kelley, D., Plastic Design Forum, 12, (1), 80, (1987).
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Chemical, Midland, MI.
5. Technical Bulletin, Basic DesignManual, Polycarbonate, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI.
6. Technical Bulletin, Engineering Materials Design Guide, General Electric Plastics,
Pittsfield, MA.
7. Technical Bulletin, Designing with Plastics, Hoechst Celanese, Chatham, NJ (1989).
8. Rietveld, J., Viscoelasticity, Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 2, Engineering Plastics,
ASM, 412, (1988).
9. Throne, J., and Progelhof, R., Creep and Stress Relaxation, Engineered Materials
Handbook, Vol. 2, Engineering Plastics, ASM, 658, (1988).
10. Newby, G. and theberge, J., Machine Design, March 8 (1984).
11. So, Pa, Fractography, Engineered Materials Handbook, Volume 2, Engineering Plastics,
American Society of Metals, 805, (1988).
12. Technical Bulletin, Polycarbonate Design Manual, Miles Corporation, Pittsburg, PA.
13. Rucinski, P., An Evaluation of Molded-in and Machined-in Notches for Izod Impact
Testing, MS Thesis, Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell (1993).
14. Deanin, R., Polymer Structure, Properties and Applications, Cahners, Boston, MA
(1972).
15. Aklonis, J., MacKnight, W. and Shen, M., Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity,
Wiley Interscience, NY (1972).
16. LeVerae, L., Plastic Design Forum, 18, (1) , 36, (1993).
17. Dieckmann, D., Plastics Engineering, 45, ( 1 1 ) , 29, (1989).
18. Mehta, K. and Oberbach, Society of Plastics Engineers RETEC, Rochester, 51, (1991).
19. Klein, A., Plastics Design Forum, 14, (2), 39, (1989).
20. Kennedy, J., Bornschlegl, E. and Tullman, R., SPE Annual Technical Conference, 36,1736,
(1990).
21. Friedman, M., Plastics Design Forum, 11, (4), 61, (1986).
22. MacDermott, C, Selecting Thermoplastics for Engineering Applications, Marcel
Dekker,Inc.,NY(1984).
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24. ASTM D4000, Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials, Annual
Book of ASTM Standards, 8.0, (1990).
 4.
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4.10.
1. Structural Plastics Design Manual, American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Manual
and Report on Engineering Practice No. 63, April (1982).
2. Roark, R. and Young, W., Formulas for Stress & Strain, 5th ed., McGraw Hill, NY (1975).
3. Crate, J., Plastics Design Forum, 9 (4), 77 (1984).
4. Lee, C, Dubin, A., Elmer, D., SPE Annual Technical Conference, 37, 912 (1987).
5. Trantina, G., Minnichelli, M, SPE Annual Technical Conference, 37, 438 (1987).
6. Levy, S. and DuBois, J., Plastics Product Design Engineering Handbook , 2nd ed.,
Chapman and Hall, NY (1984).
7. Rolfe, S., and Barsom, J., Fracture & Fatigue Control in Structures, Applications in
Fracture Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1977).
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Wilmington,DEU991).
 321

9. Technics! Bulletin, Cabibre Polycarbonate Design Manual, Dow Chemical Company,

Midland, MI (1988).
10. Mehta, K., SPE Annual Technical Conference, 38, 2058 (1992).
11. Technical Bulletin, Marks, F Engineering Design, E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.,
Wilmington, DE( 1989).
12. Technical Bulletin, Designing with Plastics, Hocchst Celanese, Chatham, NJ (1989).
13. Aklonis. J., MacKnight, W., and Shen, M., Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity, Wiley
Interscience,NY(1972).
14. Throne, J., and Progelhof, R., Creep and Stress Relaxation in Engineered Materials
Handbook Vol 2 , ASM, Metals Park, OH (1988),
15. Technical Bulletin, Polycarbonate Design Manual, Mobay Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA.
16. Technical Bulletin, Lexan Design Guide , General Electric Company Pittsfield, .
17. Beer, F. and Johnson, E., Mechanics for Engineers, McGraw Hill, NY (1976).
18. Anonymous, Plastics Design Forum, 15 (6), 42 (1990).
19. Allied Signal Corporation, Morristown, NJ.
20. Technical Bulletin, Ultem Design Guide, General Electric Company Pittsfield, MA.
21. Technical Bulletin, Delrin Acetal, Module III, E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE.
22. Technical Bulletin, Noryl Design Guide, General Electric Company Pittsfield, MA.
23. Technical Bulletin, Valox Design Guide, General Electric Company Pittsfield, MA.
24. Technical Bulletin, Engineering Materials Design Guide, General Electric Company,
Pittsfield, MA.
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21 . 593
 5. :




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5.3.
1. Metelnick, J., Plastics Design Fonim, 14 (3) 31 (1989).
2. Anonymous, Plastics Design Forum,3(3)72(1978).
3. Anonymous, British Plastics, July / August, 17 (1984).
4. Shimel, J, Plastics Design Forum,9(l)75 (1984).


5. Kelly, W., British Plastics and Rubber, July/August, 12 (1984).

6. Ehrenstein, G. and Erhard, G., Designing With Plastics, Manser, NY (1984).
7. Technical Bulletin, CadCo Engineering Plastics, Cadillac Plastic and Chemical Co., Troy, Ml.
8. Deitz, D., Mechanical Engineering, 112 (2) 34 (1990).
9. Dowler, C, Plastics Engineering, 45 (4) 43 (1989).
10. Anonymous, Modem Plastics, 66 (3) 84 (1989).
11. Ogando, J., Plastics Technology, 40 (1) 40 (1994).
12. Kirkland, C, Injection Molding, 1 (3) 41 (1994).
13. Lindsey, K., Modem Plastics, 67 (8) 40 (1990).
14. Technical Bulletin, 3D Systems Incoporated, Valencia, CA.
15. Leonard, L., Plastics Design Forum, 16 (1) 15 (1991).
16. Lindsay, K., Modem Plastics, 68 (6) 216 (1991).
17. Gabrieie, M., Plastics Technology, 37 (6) 45 (1991).
18. Charnas, D., Plastics News, 3 (21) 7 (1991).
19. Ashley, S., Mechanical Engineering, 113 (4) 34 (1991).
20. 3D Systems, 26081 Avenue Hall, Valencia, CA 91355.
21. Technical Bulletin, Cibatool SL XB 5081, Ciba-Geigy, East Lansing, MI.
22. Jacobs, P., Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,
Dearborn, MI (1992).
23. Quadrax, 300 High Point Avenue, Portsmouth, RI 02871.
24. Light Sculpting, 4815 N. Marlborough Drive, Milwaukee, Wl 53217.
25. Cubital, P. O. Box 330, Herzlia 46103, Israel / Cubital America Inc., Troy, MI.
26. DuPont Somos Venture, New Castle Corporate Commons, Two Penns Way, New Castle,
DE 19720.
27. DTM Corporation, 1611 Headway Circle, Building 2, Austin, TX 78754.
28. Anonymous, Plastics Technology, 36 (13) 23 (1990).
29. Meyer, A., Micro CAD News, January / February, 25 (1990).
30. Stratasys Inc., Eden Prairie, MN.
31. Fallon, M., Plastics Technology, 36 (8) 50 (1990).
32. Hclisys, Inc., Torrance, CA.
33. Michaud, G., Plastics Design Forum, 6 (3) 56 (1981).
34. Mold Finish Standards, Moldmakers Division, The Society of the Plastics Industry,
Washington, DC 20005.
35. Ilaaxma, H., Mold Finishing and Polishing Manual, I. T. Quamstrom Foundation /
Society of Plastics Engineers, Brookficld, CT (1985).
36. Sheehan, J., Technical Paper, Society of Plastics Engineers RETEC, Rochester, NY, L-l (1990).
37. MCP Systems, Inc., 511 Commerce Drive, Fairfield, CT 06430-5541.
38. Schwartz, S., Plastics Design Forum, 10 (2) 57 (1985).
39. Geresy, W, Plastics Design Forum, 10 (2) 70 (1985).
40. Standard Classification of Injection Molds, Moldmakers Division, The Society of the
Plastics Industry, Washington, DC 20005.
41. Brewer, D., Plastics Design Forum,7 (3)95(1982).
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43. Hanna, S.,Obtaining Durable Molds from Rapid Prototype Patterns, MS Project,
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44. Microtech, Incorporated, Toronto, Canada.

45. Dryce, D. M., Structural Plastics Conference, Society of the Plastics Industry, 146 (1992).
46. Technical Bulletin, Master Unit Die Products, Inc. P. O. Box 520, Greenville, MI 48838.
47. Galli, E., Injection Molding, 1 (1) 53 (1994).
48. Mannis, E, Plastics Design Forum, 2 (3) 52 (1977).
49. MacDermott, C, Selecting Thermoplastics for Engineering Applications, Marcel Dekker.
Inc. NY (1984).
50. Anonymous, Plastics Technology, 36 (5) 67 (1990).
51. Corby, T. and Redner, S., Plastics Design Forum, 6 (1) 43 (1981).
52. Crites, N., Product Engineering, October 16, 90, (1961).
53. Rowand, R., Plastics News, I (33) 6 (1989).
54. Mchta, K., SPE Annual Technical Conference, 32, 155 (1986).
55. Crites, N., Product Engineering, February 19, 69, (1962).
56. Roark, R.( and Young, W., Formulas for Stress and Strain, McGraw Hill, NY (1975).
57. Doebelin, E., Measurement Systems, McGraw Hill, NY (19S4).
58. Levy, S., Plastics Design Forum, 9 (4) 83 (1984).
59. Billmeyer, F-, Textbook of Polymer Science, Wiley Inlerscience, NY (1971).
60. Standard Test Method D1693, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
PA, 8.02,53(1989).
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63. Miller, H., Plastics Design Forum, 6 (4) 33 (1981).
 6. ,

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6.8.
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12. Wuebken, G., Plastics Design Forum , 9 (3) 37 (1984).

13. Mclntyre, R., Plastics Design Forum, 9 (4) 35 (1984).
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21. Bauhof, M., Maintaining Bolt Preload in Plastic Assemblies , DuPont, Wilmington, DE.
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35. Technical Bulletin, ITW Shakeproof, Illinois Products, Elgin, IL.
36. Technical Bulletin, Plastite, Continental/Midland, Park Forest, IL.
37. Technical Bulletin, PT Fasteners, ATF, Inc., Lincolnwood, IL.
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39. Reib, M., Kunststoffe, 67 (3) 17 (1977).
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 -

79 467
138 467
405
174 Plastite 419
Poly fast 420
41, 67, 110, 144, 227, '419
323 406
226, 405,415
240 410,417
224,249,359 50
177,
35, 38 245
98
18,23 106
18,74,466 18,23,150
437 22
83
252, 271, 278,399
25
260
141
265
65,77,101
215
25,61, 63,85
88,118,407,421

424
85
50
50,85
78 110,134
466 85
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440 176,194, 240
432 59
432
129 39,88,171,262
128 385
445 387
405 385
131 386
442 25,26,40, 58, 59,
25,34 140
385 110
25,113 423
78
50, 53,54 -
16 82
48-50 183

406
431 212
15
461

14
212 94 212
33,52 212
201
203
100, 203
103 315
87
139 367
148 367
134,379,383
361 343
11 138,141,144
378,401 48
180 44
180 48
307, 378 171-173
98 149,339
180 480,483
28
21 487
413 488
18, 22, 465 488
98,128,395 487
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460
430 336
432
309 131
428 26,42, 65, 70, 323, 433
71
14 71
114
450,451 65
230,402 25,61,63,85
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358 56, 85, 343
201 31
26, 35, 85,98,103,108 24
262,309,421 153
155
152,438
413 136,138
247
231,250 79

210,375,406 79
20 145
184 342
91 146,357
73 151
23,168,210 343,433
124,379 438
20 28
404
429 347
430 350,357
203 - 352,

357
60
176 60
190,193 30
48 352,357
13
155
96 26
303
303 - 343
307 120
227, 385, 387, 394 82
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67
174 66
136,192,251
479 46
370 310
26
24,162 26,138
161 123
360
324 29
297
244
180,242 324
186 340
183 491
183 20
242 55, 61
244,276 11
181,402 276
242 343
180 234, 287, 293
14,16 234
15 236,273
15 235
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14,15 236,273
32
253 439
412,413
253
255,268
305
255,268
304, 307
126
256
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129 25, 99,103,109,134
236, 245, 274, 281, 287 50
311
237,312 40,45,48,54,101
237 11,13
317 59
18,23, 74,106,465 20,466
55 12
253, 358,399,434 285,296
34,85,98,329 18,466
180 214
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285 16
343 38
78 38,205,315
19 477
126 114,120,128,134
193 131
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186,239,243 385
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50
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179 474
180 474
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376 447
460 (
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241
26, 232, 356, 359 21,175,186,240
219 213
174, 249,322,356 22
206
336 22
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338 204
339 29
331
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30 96
358 13
358
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245
42
52 86
20, 32, 85
46,53,214 20,50
48,52 206
112,209
28,30,32 20,42, 47,50,85,110
30 112,207
123 20
484 113
361
450, 494 21
384 11
480 12, 89, 206,462
404 137,145,153
458,494 13
376 13,
446 89,104,207,464
457
495 209
455 125,397
456,494 396
57, 85, 86, 87, 108,
83 148,314
60 16
32,42,79 21
14,19 192, 246,377
297
302
299 71
18 386
329 114,171
211 386

13 35,182
32 200
32 143
331 55,85,104
98
21 94
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91 472
98 167

120,133
414 53
86,155 21,22,96,177
86,148,155 28
-
22 20
88,118
ASTM174,220
19 CAD- 167, 227, 323, 329,
18,23 369
CAMPUS 218
86
Evaiuator219
25
Fused Deposition Manufacturing
331
338
367
In-Mold Reciprocating Pins 82
55
ISO 174
32,46 Laminated Object Manufacturing
123 339
Multi-Live Feed Injection Molding
255
79
406,420 Push-PullMolding 8\
120, PVT- 90,136,210
490 Selective Laser Sintering 336
120,466 Shear Controlled Orientation-
452 Injection Molding 79
SPE 340
428 SPI339
429 Stereo Lithography Apparatus 331


1 = 25,4 ()
1 = 0,3048 ()
1 () = 140- 6
1 = 0, 9144

1 3 ( 3 ) = 1-10"63
1 () = 0-3
1 3 = 1,639-10"5 3
1 3 = 2,832-"2 3
1 = 3,785- 10" 3 3

1 = 2,83-10-'2
1 = 4,536--1

1 /3 (/ 3 ) = 1,0-10-3/3
1 /3 = 3,61--2 /3
1 / 3 = 2,77--2 /3

()
1 / 2 (/ 2 ) = 1,0 ()
5
1 () = 1,013-
1 / 2 = 6,8947-103
2
1 = 145 /
1 = 14,6885 / 2
2
1 / = 0,0681

1 () = 0,1 -
1 -/2 = 6,8947-103 -
1 -/2 = 6,8947-10"

1 = 1,0-107 ()
1 - = 9,81
1- = 1