Solar Energy:

Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given
off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and solar radiation
is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.

Various Technologies For Tapping Solar Energy:

PV Technologies:

Mono-Crystalline.

Poly-Crystalline.

Micro-Crystalline.

Thin-Film Technologies:

Amorphous-Si.

Cadmium-Telluride.

Copper Indium Selenide /Sulphide.

And other Technologies:

Parabolic Trough Dish Sterling.

PV Technology:

A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity
by the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices
intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight such as solar panels and solar
cells, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified.
Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules, or photovoltaic
arrays. The energy generated this way is an example of solar energy (also known as
solar power).

Mono-Crystalline:

Mono-Crystalline Si is often made by single crystal a wafer cell which tends to be very expensive as they
are cut from cylindrical IGNOTS. The main advantage of these cells is the efficiency (14 to 17%).

The cost of these module is about 4.25 $/Wp

Poly-Crystalline:
Cells are made from large blocks of Molten-Si carefully cooled and solidified. Even though this type of
cells are less expensive compared to mono-crystalline but they are less efficient (12 to 14%).

The cost of Poly-Crystalline module is about 2.25$/Wp

Thin Film Technology:

The various thin-film technologies currently being developed reduce the amount (or
mass) of light absorbing material required in creating a solar cell. This can lead to
reduced processing costs from that of bulk materials (in the case of silicon thin
films) but also tends to reduce energy conversion efficiency (an average of 7 to
10% efficiency), although many multi-layer thin films have efficiencies above those
of bulk silicon wafers.

The cost of these module is about 1.48$/Wp

Cell Technologies And Manufacturers

S.n Count Tie Ups
Technologies Manufacturers
o ry in INDIA
1 Mono Shandong Linuo Photovoltaic China
Crystalline Hi-Tech
Arise Technologies Canad
Corporation a
Canrom Photovoltaics Canad
a
USL Photovoltaics Private India
Limited
Central Electronics India
Limited(CEL)
Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. India
(BHEL)
2 Poly Crystalline Hemlock Semiconductor USA
Renewable Energy Norwa NO
Corporation ASA (REC) y
Spectra Watt Usa NO
MEMC Electronic Materials USA NO
USL Photovoltaics Private India
Limited
MoserBaer India
3 Thin Film Wafers
Amorphous-Si Novergy India
Sanyo KORE
A NO
Solar Cell Centr
al
Europ
e NO
Dupont China Sunergy
 First Solar USA
Prime Star USA
Cadmium NO
Abound Solar Colard
Telluride
o

copper indium PaBhuV

Nano Solar USA
gallium an Inc.
diselenide HelioVolt Corporation USA NO

Thin Film wafers have become popular compared to wafer silicon due to
lower costs and advantages including flexibility, lighter weights, and ease
of integration.

Seeking for the low cost and effective utilization we have

chosen Thin Film Technology in our project.

Thin Film Module

Manufacturer
S.n Countr cells and
o Company y Modules
Amorphous-Si
1 Novergy(7.7Cr/MW) India Both
2 Sunergy(8.4Cr/MW) India Modules
3 HHV Solar India Both
4 Signet Solar USA Modules
5 Kaneka Japan Modules
6 Solar Thin Films USA Modules
CdTe
1 First Solar USA Both
2 Abound Solar USA Both
Colarad
3 Prime Star o Both
copper indium gallium
diselenide
1 Nano Solar USA Both
2 HelioVolt Corporation USA Both

Why Thin Film Technology Preferred in our Project?

1. The Temp. Coefficient of a-Si panels is 50% better than c-SI panels
 2. The irradiation coefficient of a-Si panels is 25% better than c-Si panels

3. For the same Wattage considered the cost incurred for the Thin Film is very less
compared to MONO and POLY Crystalline Technology

INVERTER:

The power conditioning and control system is constituted by an inverter that converts direct current to
alternating current and controls the quality of the output power to be delivered to the grid, also by means
of an L-C filter inside the inverter itself.

INVERTER SUPPLIERS

Cost/MW
S.no Company Address Items Location Rs in
Crores
1 Samil Power INVERTERS and China
(Includes MPPT) PV ARRAY 1.25
Combiners
2 Inverters ,
Autoronica INDIAN
Battery Chargers
India(includes COMPANY(Hary 3.25
, Charge
MPPT) ana)
Controllers
3 Sterling Systems Inverters , INDIAN NOT
Battery Chargers COMPANY(Hary AVAILAB
. ana) LE

4 ABB solar Inverters , Thin India

film Modules
5 DB Power Inverters India
Electronics

6 Siemens AG Inverters Germany

7 Akowa Electronics Solar Inverters China

Co., Ltd.
8 Power Master Solar Inverters china
Technology Co.,
Ltd.
 9 XANTREX All accessories Germany
Technology Required for
solar plant

10 SMA Inverters US
11 Leonics Inverters Thailand

Caluclated
CERC Cost
Type of Cost perce
Suggested Description cost
Cost forQuotation nt
Cr/MW
Cr/MW
1.5 Lac /acre , 5
Land Cost 0.15 Cr/MW 0.075 Cr/MW acres/MW=> 1.5*5=7.5 0.6%
0.08
lac
Civil and
General 0.90 Cr/MW 0.50 Cr/MW 5% of plant cost 4.1%
0.50
Works
Total module cost
obtained for 10MW is 63.9
PV Modules 10.19 Cr/MW 7.7 Cr/MW
= 77.0 Cr => 7.70 %
7.70/MW
As CERC mentioned
Mounting boundary value as 1
1 Cr/MW 0.80 Cr/MW 6.6%
Structures Cr/MW for those who 0.80
uses thinfilm
Inverter
Power Total cost obtained for
(includes
Conditioning 2 Cr/MW 10 MW = 12.59 Cr => 10.0%
MPPT)--> 1.2 1.20
Unit 1.2Cr/MW
Cr/MW
Evacuation
Cost upto
Two 5 MVA tranformers
Inter-
0.076 Cr/MW + = 38,24,482 * 2 =>
connection 0.85 Cr/MW 2.3%
0.20 Cr/MW (76,48,964) for 10MW 0.28
Point(Cables
and cable cost
Transformers
)
Preliminary 1.81 Cr/MW 1.5 Cr/MW Preliminary includes 12.4%
and Pre- acquainting with the 1.50
Operative Plant before proceeding
Expenses to start.

Total
16.90 12.05 12. 100
Capital
Cr/MW Cr/MW 06 %
Cost