KINGDOM ANIMALIA

In sponges, circulation of water is facilitated by choanocytes.

Hairy skin, muscular diaphragm, 4 chambered heart and
enucleated RBCs are some characters of members of class
mammalia.
Characteristic features of chordates presence of notochord,
dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.
Emu, kiwi and ostrich are the examples of flightless birds.
In sponges, archaeocytes are capable of giving rise to other
types of cells.
Chloragogen cells are analogous/ similar to liver of
vertebrates because these cells also perform the function of
detoxification in earthworm.
Sponges capture food particles with the help of choanocytes.
Taenia solium dont possess any locomotory organ as it is an
endoparasite of human.
The pigment haemocyanin is found in phylum mollusca. It is
a copper containing pigment.
The poisonous fluid present in the nematocyst of Hydra is
called Hypnotoxin.
In earthworm, clitellum is present in 14th, 15th and 16th
segments.
Mandibles are absent in the mouthparts of housefly.
The colour of the body of earthworm is brown due to
porphyrin pigment.
The eggs found in monotreme mammals (e.g. Ornithorhyncus
& Echidna) are macrolecithal.
An egg laying mammal is duck billed platypus
(Ornithorhyncus).
Dry skin with scales or scutes without glands is a character
of reptilia.
Presence of diaphragm is a characteristic of mammals.
Lateral line sense organs are present in fishes which
contains neuromast cells for detecting water vibrations
(rheoreceptors).
 Order primata includes monkeys and man.
Didynium is a terrestrial protozoan.
Band of cilia present on the dorsal wall of vestibule of
Paramecium is called quadrulus.
In sponges, circulation of water in tile flagellated chambers is
facilitated by choanocytes.

Coelenterates are diploblastic, acoelomate and radially

symmetrical.
In coelenterates, mouth in medusa is located in manubrium.
The number of testes in each mature proglottid of Taenia is
many.
The function of mehlis gland in Taenia is lubrication of
uterus.
Dugesia (Planaria) is a free living platyhelminthes.
The leech which bears setae is Acathobdella.
In Scolopendra (centipede), the first pairs of legs are modified
into poisonous claws.
Octopus is a cephalopod without a shell.
Zoological name of sea urchin Echinus.
The animals in which blastopore changes into anus are called
deuterostomes. These belong to phylum echinodermata and
phylum chordata.
In sucker fish (Echeneis) dorsal fin is modified into sucker.
Suckling the young by both male and female parents is found
in Ornithorhyncus (duck billed platypus).
Reptilian character of prototherians is the presence of T
shaped clavicle.
Endostyle is present in larvae of Ascidia/ herdmania.
Giant squid belongs to phylum mollusca, class
cephalopoda.
Peripatus is the connecting link between annelida and
arthropoda. One of its annelidian characters is the
absence of jointed legs.
Spicules made up of silica are found in Hyalonema (glass rope
sponge).
 In members of phylum nemethelminthes, blastocoel is
present as body cavity in adults and forms pseudocoel.
The filament in the cilia of ciliated protozoans is made up of
tubulin protein.
The phenomenon of metaboly is related to reproduction.
Termites cannot digest cellulose without the presence of a
protozoan Trichonympha.
Wuchereria bancroftii (pathogen of filariasis) is an oviparous
parasite.
Hymenolepsis nana is also called dwarf tapeworm of man.
Loa loa causes eye disease calabar (loa loa filariasis).
The dorsal side of skin of Pheretima (earthworm) is brown due
to porphyrin pigments.

In archiannelida group of phylum annelida, external

segmentation is absent.
Reduce functionless mandible are present in butterfly.
Tripedal walking is exhibited by cockroach.
Class crustacea is different from class insecta as members of
class crustacea have two pairs of antennae.
Food storage in sponges takes place by special cells called
thesocytes.
Cleavage in frogs zygote is holoblastic.
Chloragogen cells of earthworm are involved in nutrition.
They are analogous to liver of vertebrates.
Trocophore is the larva of Neopilina, Chiton and Pila.
Sea fan (Gorgonia) belongs to phylum coelenterata.
In mollusca, osphradium tests the quality of food.
Fertilization in earthworm occurs inside cocoon.
Presence of pharyngeal gill slits at some stage of life is an
essential character of chordates.
One of the differences in amphibians and reptiles is the
difference in the number of heart chambers. Amphibians
have 3 chambered while reptiles have incomplete 4
chambered heart.
 Eusthenopteran is the connecting link between fishes and
amphibians.
The fish oil sardine has zoological name Sardinella longiceps.
Wallago attu is the cat fish.
Loreal pit in viper snake act as thermo receptor.
Down feathers are found only in nestlings (baby birds).
The protozoan Trichonympha lives as a symbiotic in the
alimentary canal of termites.
Dentalium (tusk shell) of phylum mollusca has a single gonad.
Veliger larva is found in the life history of Dentalium.
Aristotles lantern, found in sea urchin and sand dollars
(phylum echinodermata) is useful in chewing. It is a complex
arrangement of muscles and calcareous plates.
In pseudocoelmoates, mesoderm develops in the form of
muscles in body wall, leaving the alimentary canal non
muscular. E.g. Ascaris.
Lung fluke of man is Pargonimus vastarmani.
Retrogressive metamorphosis (adult is less advanced than
larva) occurs in urochordates. (e.g. Ascidia)

Jacobsons organ/vomeronasal organs are found in

reptiles and help in smell perception.
Cysticerus larva is found in Taenia solium (pork tapeworm).
Cysticerus larva is the infective stage for man.
Cyclops and Daphnia belong to class crustacea of phylum
arthropoda.
Radula is found in gastropods like Pila.
Zoological name of Asian tiger mosquito is Aedes
albopictus.
Ornithorhyncus (duck billed platypus) is a monotreme
mammal.
Torpedo (electric ray) is a cartilaginous fish which can produce
electric current.
The phyla echinodermata, hemichordate and chordata
are deuterostome phyla. Deuterostomes are the animals in
 which during embryonic development, blastopore changes
into anus.
Sponges (phylum porifera) are the animals that dont
perform locomotion.
The most recently discovered phylum is loricifera. It consists
of microscopic, marine, sediment dwelling animals.
Class chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) is characterized by
presence of placoid scales and ventral mouth.
Class osteichthyes (bony fishes) is characterized by the
presence of ctenoid scales and terminal mouth.
Animals of class mammalia have seven cervical vertebrae.
Secondary body cavity with segmented mesodermal lining is
called true coelom.
The brain of vertebrates originates from ectoderm.
Some of the characteristic features of members of phylum
arthropoda are jointed legs, articulated exoskeleton and the
process of moulting.
The stages between larval moults in an insect are called
instars.
Leech and earthworm are the examples of the animals
which breathe only through their moist skin.
Amphioxus (lancelet) has a notochord throughout its life.
Piercing and sucking type of mouth parts are found in
mosquitoes.
Anus is absent in members of phylum platyhelminthes.
The nephridia of earthworm are analogous to flame cells of
members of phylum platyhelminthes.
Hydra recognizes its prey by nematocyst (stinging cells).

Shell of a mollusc is produced by its mantle.

Asymmetry in gastropods is produced by the phenomenon of
torsion.
Haemocoel is found in cockroach, Pila etc.
The group of anamniota includes fishes and amphibians.
The leucocytes found in abundance are neutrophils.
 The circulatory system of cockroach is present on the dorsal
side and has 10 abdominal and 3 thoracic units of heart.
Changes that allow the conversion of larva into adult is called
metamorphosis.
Intermediate host of Schistosoma is snail.
In the heart of frog, there are cardiac muscles which are made
up of fibres called purkinje fibres.
Worm species are of three types- epigenic (litter - dwelling),
endogenic (soil - dwelling) and anecic (deep burrowing).