Two weeks ago Jim described a vivid, flashbulb memory from his

childhood of the day he found out that his parents won the lottery.
He remembered exactly where he was sitting in his house and what
board game he and his siblings were playing when they heard the
news. He even recalled the score of the game.
Recently Jim discovered that he was completely wrong about his
recall of that day. How would you explain his inaccurate
memory of this experience?
Outline
Introduction tell this essay will explain his inaccurate memory :
check
Memory is a complex process of the brain and the procedure can get
many problems. Although Jim may remember exact details about
the event of winning the lottery from his parents, he could wrong
about it due to memory matters. This essay will explain his
inaccurate memory experience.
Mid describe explannation for inaccurate memory example
Flashbulb memory is a type of automatic encoding that occurs
because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for
the person remembering it. For example, the September 11 attacks
may have a significant impact on many American. However, the
brain may have many problems when they encode, store and retrieve
it. The first problem is decay. Simply, this theory tell that memory
will be faded over time. When he learns something new,
a neurochemical memory trace is created. If he not uses it or retrieve
it over time, neuron connection will be weakened. For example,
over time you will not remember the food you eat last week or the
man you meet on the street. In addition, retroactive interference
effect is another problem when a person has difficulty recalling old
information because of newly learned information. For example,
when he saw somebody win the lottery latter and cheer, it can affect
them as they may think that event occur for them. Furthermore, the
encoding failure is also a main problem when nonattended
information is not encoded into memory. For instance, you may not
remember the eyes of someone you talking to if you are asked to.
Thus, he will lack of information and misunderstand his own story.
Start with : flashbulb memories is .... but there is many reason : +
example check
Group 1 : i vi start
Decay >> disuse theory or that memories simply fade over time
>>> if not used over time ,neuron connection weaken + example :
check
New memories interfered with the details of the old memory >>
Retroactive interference - example : lc sau c s kin g nh
trng s >> nh hng ti : check
Encodeing failure nonattended information is not encoded into
memory >>> thu thng tin pla pla >> hiu sai + exmaple : check
Gruop 2 : To continue
To continue, cue-dependent forgetting is also a significant matter
which is the inability to retrieve information stored in memory
because of insufficient cues for recall. Because there wasnt enough
cue for remembering which makes it vague, his memory can be
made up vaguely. Furthermore, the event happened before he was a
kid. Therefore, it can be subjected to childhood or infantile amnesia
which is difficulty or inability that adults have in remembering
episodic memories from early childhood. Maybe he could remember
the details but wrong in place these single memories into a specific
context. After that, his recall wasnt in the same emotional or
physical state or mood. For example, he might feel surprise at that
time but he was in normal mood when he recalls.
Cue-dependent forgetting, or the inability to retrieve information
stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall >> nh hi
hi, mang mng : check
- The event happened before he was 3 and therefore subjected to
childhood/infantile amnesia check
- His recall wasnt in the same emotional or physical state or
mood maybe that time fun but now in normal mood : check
Gruop 3:
Following that, he may store the memory incorrectly long ago. He
experienced the misinformation effect which was presented after the
event that altered the memory of the event. As an illustration, the
winning lottery event was actually a joke from his parents.
Moreover, it is also due to source monitoring confusion which
means a lack of clarity about the origin of the memory. For instance,
the story may just be fictionally made up by his parents or sibling
but it does not have exact time or source. In addition, another cause
is that the memory was falsely implanted in him by someone else.
For example, by repeating telling it, and make it seem reasonable,
plausible and only happen to him, his brother could make him
believe it. Lastly, when someone interviewed him about the event
and asked misleading questions, he can be leaded to inaccurate
recall. For instance, if somebody asked him to notice the lottery
winning event, he would be misled and think it was actually true.
He stored the memory incorrectly long ago ( still consider ) : check
- He experienced the misinformation effect, meaning that
misleading information was presented after the even that
altered his memory of the event >>> ba m kiu g like
exmample: check
- Source monitoring confusion, or there was a lack of clarity
about the origin of the memory example : check
- The memory was falsely implanted in him by someone else
maybe also joke from parents, hoc lm tng nh n c l v
n ch xy ra vi h. : check
- Someone interviewed him about the event and asked
misleading questions, leading to inaccurate recall >> khi hi
nh v childhood g , tg n ng : check
-
Add on construcive processing : no t update >> maybe cho
gruop 1
Conclusion
Flashbulb memory of finding out that his parents won the
lottery may have significant impact on memory but it can be
completely wrong after long time. His inaccurate memory mostly
can be explained by decay, retroactive interference, lack of cues and
misleading information by other people.

Memory is a complex process of the brain and the procedure

can get many problems at any time. Although Jim may remember
exact details about the event of winning the lottery from his parents,
he could wrong about it due to memory matters. This essay will
explain his inaccurate memory experience due to psychology
theories.
Flashbulb memory is a type of automatic encoding that occurs
because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for
the person remembering it. For example, the September 11 attacks
may have a significant impact on many American. However, the
brain may have many problems when it encodes, stores and
retrieves. The first problem is decay. Simply, this theory says that
memory will be faded over time. When he learns something new,
a neurochemical memory trace is created. If he not uses it or retrieve
it over time, neuron connection will be weakened. For example,
over time you will not remember the food you eat last week or a
man you meet on the street. In addition, retroactive interference
effect is another problem when a person has difficulty recalling old
information because of newly learned information. For example,
when he saw somebody won the lottery latter and cheered, it can
affect them as they may think that event occurs for them.
Furthermore, the encoding failure is also a main problem when
nonattended information is not encoded into memory. For instance,
you may not remember the eyes of someone you talking to if you
are asked to. Thus, he will lack of information and misunderstand
his own story.
To continue, cue-dependent forgetting is also a significant
matter which is the inability to retrieve information stored in
memory because of insufficient cues for recall. Because there wasnt
enough cue for remembering which makes it vague, his memory can
be made up vaguely. Furthermore, the event happened before he was
a kid. Therefore, it can be subjected to childhood or infantile
amnesia which is difficulty or inability that adults have in
remembering episodic memories from early childhood. Maybe he
could remember the details but wrong in place these single
memories into a specific context. After that, his recall wasnt in the
same emotional or physical state or mood. For example, he might
feel surprise at that time but he was in normal mood when he recalls
which makes incompatible.
Following that, he may store the memory incorrectly long ago.
He experienced the misinformation effect which was presented after
the event that altered the memory of the event. As an illustration, the
winning lottery event was actually a joke from his parents.
Moreover, it is also due to source monitoring confusion which
means a lack of clarity about the origin of the memory. For instance,
the story may just be fictionally made up by his parents or sibling
but it does not have exact time or source. In addition, another cause
is that the memory was falsely implanted in him by someone else.
For example, by repeating telling it, and make it seem reasonable,
plausible and only happen to him, his brother could make him
believe it. Lastly, when someone interviewed him about the event
and asked misleading questions, he can be leaded to inaccurate
recall. For instance, if somebody asked him to notice the lottery
winning event, he would be misled and think it was actually true.
Flashbulb memory of finding out that his parents won the
lottery may have significant impact on memory but it can be
completely wrong after long time. His inaccurate memory mostly
can be explained by decay, retroactive interference, lack of cues and
misleading information by other people.