Legal Ethics reviewer

Posted on April 9, 2009 by danabatnag

ON TRUTH-TELLING:

Rule 1.01. A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful
conduct.

Rule 1.02. A lawyer shall not counsel or abet activities aimed at defiance of the law or at
lessening confidence in the legal system.

Rule 6.01. The primary duty of a lawyer engaged in public prosecution is not to convict
but to see that justice is done. The suppression of facts or the concealment of witnesses
capable of establishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible and is cause
for disciplinary action.

Canon 10. A lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.

Rule 10. 01. A lawyer shall not do any falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in
court; nor shall he mislead, or allow the court to be misled, by any artifice.

Rule 10. 02. A lawyer shall not knowingly misquote or misrepresent the contents of a
paper, the language or the argument of opposing counsel, or the text of a decision or
authority, or knowingly cite as law a provision already rendered inoperative by repeal or
amendment or assert as a fact that which has not been proved.

Rule 10.03. A lawyer shall observe the rules of procedure and shall not misuse them to
defeat the ends of justice.

Rule 11.05. A lawyer shall not attribute to a judge motives not supported by the record or
have materiality to the case.

Rule 12. 06. A lawyer shall not knowingly assist a witness to misrepresent himself or to
impersonate another.

Rule 19.02. A lawyer who has received information that his client has, in the course of
the representation, perpetrated a fraud upon a person or tribunal, shall promptly call
upon the client to rectify the same, and failing which he shall terminate the relationship
with such client in accordance with the Rules of Court.

Rule of Court 138, Section 20. (d) To employ, for the purpose of maintaining the causes
confided to him, such means only as are consistent with truth and honor, and never seek
to mislead the judge or any judicial officer by an artifice or false statement of fact or
law;

pg. 1
SERVICE TO THE POOR AND NEEDY:

Rule 2.01. A lawyer shall not reject, except for valid reasons, the cause of the
defenseless or the oppressed.

Rule 2.02. In such cases, even if the lawyer does not accept a case, he shall not refuse to
render legal advice to the person concerned if only to the extent necessary to safeguard
the latters rights.

Canon 14. A lawyer shall not refuse his services to the needy.

Rule 14. 01. A lawyer shall not decline to represent a person solely on account of the
latters race, sex, creed or status in life, or because of his own opinion regarding the guilt
of said person.

Rule 14.02. A lawyer shall not decline, except for a serious and sufficient cause, an
appointment as counsel de oficio or as amicus curiae, or a request from the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines or any of its chapters for rendition of free legal aid.

Rule 14. 03. A lawyer may not refuse to accept representation of an indigent client
unless:

a. he is not in a position to carry out the work effectively or competently;

b. he labors under a conflict of interest between him and the prospective client or
between a client and the prospective client.

Rule 14. 04. A lawyer who accepts the cause of a person unable to pay his professional
fees shall observe the same standard of conduct governing his relations with paying
clients.

Rules of Court, Section 20. (h) Never to reject, for any consideration personal to himself,
the cause of the defenseless or oppressed;

CATCH-ALL PHRASES:
*some are catch-all, some can be construed to apply to gray areas

Canon 1. A lawyer shall uphold the Constitution, obey the laws of the land and promote
respect for law and legal processes.

Canon 2. A lawyer shall make his legal services available in an efficient and convenient
manner compatible with the independence, integrity and effectiveness of the profession.

Rule 6.01. The primary duty of a lawyer engaged in public prosecution is not to convict
but o see that justice is done. The suppression of facts or the concealment of witnesses
capable of establishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible and is cause
for disciplinary action.
pg. 2
Rule 6.02. A lawyer in the government service shall not use his public position to
promote or advance his private interests nor allow the latter to interfere with his public
duties.

Rule 6.03. A lawyer shall not, after leaving a government service, accept engagement or
employment in connection with any matter in which he had intervened while in said
service.

Rule 7. 03. A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to
practice law, nor shall he, whether in public or private life, behave in a scandalous
manner to the discredit of the legal profession.

Canon 8. A lawyer shall conduct himself with courtesy, fairness and candor toward his
professional colleagues and shall avoid harassing tactics against opposing counsel.

Canon 9. A lawyer shall not, directly or indirectly, assist in the unauthorized practice of
law.

Canon 10. A lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.

Rule 10.01. A lawyer shall not to do any falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in
court; nor shall he mislead, or allow the court to be misled by any artifice.

Rule 10.03. A lawyer shall observe the rules of procedure and shall not misuse them to
defeat the ends of justice.

Canon 11. A lawyer shall observe and maintain the respect of officers and should insist
on similar conduct by others.

Rule 11.04. A lawyer shall not attribute to a judge motives not supported by the record
or have materiality to the case.

Rule 11.05. A lawyer shall submit grievances against a judge to the proper authorities
only.

Canon 12. A lawyer shall exert every effort and consider it his duty to assist in the
speedy and efficient administration of justice.

Rule 12. 02. A lawyer shall not file multiple actions arising from the same cause.

Rule 12.04. A lawyer shall not unduly delay a case, impede the execution of a judgment
or misuse court processes.

Canon 13. A lawyer shall rely upon the merits of his cause and refrain from any
impropriety that tends to influence, or gives the appearance of influencing, the court.

Rule 13.01. A lawyer shall not extend extraordinary attention or hospitality to, nor seek
opportunity for cultivating familiarity with judges.
pg. 3
Rule 13.02. A lawyer shall not make public statements in the media regarding a pending
case tending to arouse public opinion for or against a party.

Canon 14. A lawyer shall not refuse his services to the needy.

Rule 14.01. A lawyer shall not decline to represent a person solely on account of the
latters race, sex, creed or status of life, or because of his own opinion regarding the
guilt of said person.

Canon 15. A lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his dealings and
transactions with his client.

Rule 15.02. A lawyer shall be bound by the rule of privileged communication in respect
to matters disclosed to him by a prospective client.

Rule 15.03. A lawyer shall not represent conflicting interests except by written consent
of all concerned given full disclosure of the facts.

Rule 15.05. A lawyer when advising his client, shall give a candid and honest opinion on
the merits and probable results of the clients case, neither overstating nor understating
the prospects of the case.

Rule 15.07. A lawyer shall impress upon his client compliance with the laws and the
principles of fairness.

Canon 16. A lawyer shall hold in trust all moneys and properties of his client that may
come into his profession.

Rule 16.03. A lawyer shall deliver the funds and property of his client when due or upon
demand. However, he shall have a lien over the funds and may apply so much thereof as
may be necessary to satisfy his lawful fees and disbursements giving notice promptly
thereafter to his client. He shall also have a lien to the same extent on all judgments and
executions he has secured for his client as provided for in the Rules of Court.

Canon 17. A lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall be mindful of
the trust and confidence reposed in him.

Canon 18. A lawyer shall serve his client with competence and diligence.

Rule 18. 03. A lawyer shall not neglect a legal matter entrusted to him, and his
negligence in connection therewith shall render him liable.

Canon 19. A lawyer shall represent his client with zeal within the bounds of the law.

Rule 19.02. A lawyer who has received information that his client has, in the course of
the representation, perpetrated a fraud upon a person or tribunal, shall promptly call
upon the client to rectify the same, and failing which he shall terminate the relationship
with such client in accordance with the Rules of Court.
pg. 4
Canon 20. A lawyer shall charge only fair and reasonable fees.

Rule 20. 04. A lawyer shall avoid controversies with clients concerning his
compensation and shall resort to judicial action only to prevent imposition, injustice or
fraud.

Canon 21. A lawyer shall preserve the confidence and secrets of his clients even after
the attorney-client relation is terminated.

Canon 22. A lawyer shall withdraw his services only for good cause and upon notice
appropriate in the circumstances.

Rules of Court, Sec. 20: Duties of attorneys. It is the duty of an attorney: (a) To
maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and to support the Constitution
and obey the laws of the Philippines;
(b) To observe and maintain the respect due to the courts of justice and judicial officers;

(c) To counsel or maintain such actions or proceedings only as appear to him to be just,
and such defenses only as he believes to be honestly debatable under the law;
(d) To employ, for the purpose of maintaining the causes confided to him, such means
only as are consistent with truth and honor, and never seek to mislead the judge or any
judicial officer by an artifice or false statement of fact or law;
(e) To maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself, to preserve the
secrets of his client, and to accept no compensation in connection with his clients
business except from him or with his knowledge and approval;
(f) To abstain from all offensive personality and to advance no fact prejudicial to the
honor or reputation of a party or witness, unless required by the justice of the cause with
which he is charged;
(g) Not to encourage either the commencement or the continuance of an action or
proceeding, or delay any mans cause, from any corrupt motive or interest;
(h) Never to reject, for any consideration personal to himself, the cause of the
defenseless or oppressed;
(i) In the defense of a person accused of crime, by all fair and honorable means,
regardless of his personal opinion as to the guilt of the accused, to present every defense
that the law permits, to the end that no person may be deprived of life or liberty, but by
due process of law.

Judicial Conduct

Canon 1. Independence. Judicial independence is a pre-requisite to the rule of law and a

fundamental guarantee of a fair trial. A judge shall therefore uphold and exemplify
judicial independence in both its individual and institutional aspects.

SECTION 1. Judges shall exercise the judicial function independently on the basis of
their assessment of the facts and in accordance with a conscientious understanding of
the law, free of any extraneous influence, inducement, pressure, threat or interference,
direct or indirect, from any quarter or for any reason.
pg. 5
SEC. 2. In performing judicial duties, Judges shall be independent from judicial
colleagues in respect of decisions which the judge is obliged to make independently.
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SEC. 3. Judges shall refrain from influencing in any manner the outcome of litigation or
dispute pending before another court or administrative agency.

SEC. 4. Judges shall not allow family, social, or other relationships to influence judicial
conduct or judgment. The prestige of judicial office shall not be used or lent to advance
the private interests of others, nor convey or permit others to convey the impression that
they are in a special position to influence the judge.

SEC. 5. Judges shall not only be free from inappropriate connections with, and influence
by, the executive and legislative branches of government, but must also appear to be free
therefrom to a reasonable observer.

SEC. 6. Judges shall be independent in relation to society in general and in relation to

the particular parties to a dispute which he or she has to adjudicate.

SEC. 7. Judges shall encourage and uphold safeguards for the discharge of judicial
duties in order to maintain and enhance the institutional and operational independence of
the judiciary.

SEC. 8. Judges shall exhibit and promote high standards of judicial conduct in order to
reinforce public confidence in the judiciary which is fundamental to the maintenance of
judicial independence.

CANON 2

INTEGRITY
Integrity is essential not only to the proper discharge of the judicial office but also to the
personal demeanor of judges.

SECTION 1. Judges shall ensure that not only is their conduct above reproach, but that it
is perceived to be so in the view of a reasonable observer.

SEC. 2. The behavior and conduct of judges must reaffirm the peoples faith in the
integrity of the judiciary. Justice must not merely be done but must also be seen to be
done.

CANON 3

IMPARTIALITY
Impartiality is essential to the proper discharge of the judicial office. It applies not only
to the decision itself but also to the process by which the decision is made.

SECTION 1. Judges shall perform their judicial duties without favor, bias or prejudice.

pg. 6
SEC. 2. Judges shall ensure that his or her conduct, both in and out of court, maintains
and enhances the confidence of the public, the legal profession and litigants in the
impartiality of the judge and of the judiciary.

SEC. 3. Judges shall, so far as is reasonable, so conduct themselves as to minimize the

occasions on which it will be necessary for them to be disqualified from hearing or
deciding cases.

SEC. 4. Judges shall not knowingly, while a proceeding is before, or could come before,
them make any comment that might reasonably be expected to affect the outcome of
such proceeding or impair the manifest fairness of the process. Nor shall judges make
any comment in public or otherwise that might affect the fair trial of any person or issue.

SEC. 5. Judges shall disqualify themselves from participating in any proceedings in

which they are unable to decide the matter impartially or in which it may appear to a
reasonable observer that they are unable to decide the matter impartially.

CANON 4

PROPRIETY
Propriety and the appearance of propriety are essential to the performance of all the
activities of a judge.

SECTION 1. Judges shall avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety in all of
their activities.

SEC. 2. As a subject of constant public scrutiny, judges must accept personal restrictions
that might be viewed as burdensome by the ordinary citizen and should do so freely and
willingly. In particular, judges shall conduct themselves in a way that is consistent with
the dignity of the judicial office.

SEC. 3. Judges shall, in their personal relations with individual members of the legal
profession who practice regularly in their court, avoid situations which might reasonably
give rise to the suspicion or appearance of favoritism or partiality.

SEC. 6. Judges, like any other citizen, are entitled to freedom of expression, belief,
association and assembly, but in exercising such rights, they shall always conduct
themselves in such a manner as to preserve the dignity of the judicial office and the
impartiality and independence of the judiciary.

SEC. 8. Judges shall not use or lend the prestige of the judicial office to advance their
private interests, or those of a member of their family or of anyone else, nor shall they
convey or permit others to convey the impression that anyone is in a special position
improperly to influence them in the performance of judicial duties.

SEC. 9. Confidential information acquired by judges in their judicial capacity shall not
be used or disclosed by for any other purpose related to their judicial duties.
pg. 7
DUTY TO THE CLIENT:

Canons 15-19

Limitations:
Rule 1.02. not to abet or counsel activities aimed at defiance of the law
Rule 1.03. not to encourage suit, proceeding, or delay cause
Rule 1.04 to encourage clients to avoid, settle if it will admit of fair settlement
Rule 6.01. not to convict but to see that justice is done
Rule 9.01. not to delegate to unqualified person legal tasks
Rule 10.01 not to do falsehood or consent to doing of any in court
Rule 10.02. not knowingly misquote or misrepresent documents
Rule 10.03. not to misuse rules of procedure to defeat ends of justice
Rule 12.02. not to file multiple actions from same cause
Rule 12.04 not unduly delay a case, impede execution, misuse court process

Rule 12.04. A lawyer shall not unduly delay a case, impede the execution of a judgment
or misuse court processes.

pg. 8