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Carter V. Findley
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YAYIN HAKLARI
Carter V. Findley, 2004 Oxford, The Turks in World History orijinal adyla
Oxford University Press tarafndan yaynlanan bu kitabn Trkiyedeki tm yayn haklar
Carter V. Findley ile anlamal olarak Tima Basm Ticaret ve Sanayi Anonim irketine aittir.
zinsiz yaynlanamaz. Tantm amacyla yaplacak alntlar dnda, hibir ekilde
kopya edilemez, oaltlamaz, yaynlanamaz.
DNYA TARHNDE TRKLER
Carter V. Findley
eviren: Ayen Anadol
CARTER V. FINDLEY
$<(1$1$'2/
Ayen Anadol eitli gazete, dergi ve yaynevlerinde alt. Tarih ve sosyal
bilimler alannda birok kitab yayna hazrlad. evirilerinden bazlar:
Dnya Tarihinde Trkler (Carter V. Findley), mge ve Emperyalizm, 1908-
1911 (Palmira Brummett), Ailem ve teki Hayvanlar (Gerald Durrell),
Ustalarn Setikleri (Lawrence Block, ed.), erkes Gzeli (rvin C. Schick),
Yedi Yalan (James Lasdun).
NDEKLER
SUNU 7
GR 13
SONU 297
NOTLAR 315
KAYNAKA 341
NDEKS 375
Andreas Tietzenin Ansna
Resim 2. Gebe kamp. Sa altta bir gezgin heybesini zerken, bir yandan da -
melmi bir adamla konuuyor. Alktan bir deri bir kemik kalm iki kpek oynayor,
iki at da otluyor. stte, gezginin silahlar atlm, bir adam atee flyor ve iki kii de
amar ykyora benziyor. 15. ya da 16. yzylda belki de Herat ile Tebriz arasnda bir
yerde yaplm ve kimin yapt bilinmeyen bu resim, bizi stad Mehmed Siyah Kaleme
atfedilen resimlerle karlatrmaya aryor. Kr. s. 43, 49 ve 80deki resimler.
Topkap Saray Mzesi, Hazine 2153, v. 8b.
boya kat edecek gezgin fazla kmazd. Byle biri ktnda da, 13.
yzylda Venedikli Marco Polonun bana geldii gibi, servenle-
rine memleketinde kimse inanmazd. pek en krl mald, ama bu
gzerghlarda in porseleni, Sibirya krk, Baltk kehribar, ila
ve kle ticareti de yaplrd. Sadece ticaret iin kullanlmyordu bu
yollar; dnceler ve inanlar da bu yollardan aktarlyordu. 16.
yzyla kadar pek Yolu a dnyann en nemli iletiim ve alveri
sistemi olarak kald. Bin yl boyunca bu yolu denetleyenler, esas
olarak Trkler ve Moollard.
pek Yolunun bat ucu Anadoluya da uzanyordu. Bitki rts
ve s bakmndan Anadolu kuzey kurak kuandaki bozkr ve
*LUL 27
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Zrcher, Erik Jan. Turkey: A Modern History. Gzden geirilmi bs. Londra:
I. B. Tauris, 1988.
The Unionist Factor: The Rle of the Committee of Union and Progress
in the Turkish National Movement. Leiden: Brill, 1984.
Zygulski, Zdzislaw, Jr. Ottoman Art in the Service of Empire. New York:
New York University Press, 1992.
NDEKS
Abbasiler 93, 95, 96, 160 Anadolu 15, 25, 26, 27, 84, 91, 102, 105,
abdaln- Rm 148 130, 131, 146-150, 152, 164, 165, 169,
Abdlaziz (Sultan) 207 174, 212, 215, 219, 225-229, 286, 298,
Abdlhamid II (Sultan) 219, 222, 224, 301;Trklemesi 79, 80, 98-102, 106,
229, 308 120
Adalet Partisi 197, 283 Anavatan Partisi 285
Adalet ve Kalknma Partisi 287, 288 Andronovo kltr 39
Afganistan 43, 108, 263, 268, 293 Ankara 286, 137, 138, 150, 228, 272, 280;
Ahameni mparatorluu 43 muharebesi 151
ahiler; 102, 148, 149, 165; ayrca bkz. Aramice 43, 69, 70, 97, 99, 100, 102, 104,
ftvvet 106, 116, 117, 119, 126, 148, 159, 209,
Ahmed Midhat 229, 230, 231 218, 269, 275
Ahmed Rza 229 Arapa 27, 83
Ahundzade, Feth Ali 193 Ar Bke 112
Akura, Yusuf 29, 32, 191, 230, 241, 300, Ari dilleri 38
305, 307 asabiyye 148
Akdeniz 27, 134, 159, 291, 303 askeri himaye devletleri. bkz. devlet
akn, aknclar 84, 90-94, 98, 148, 151, tipleri
152, 157, 219 Astrahan 140, 144; Hanl 189
Akkoyunlular 165 Aete boyu 64
Aleviler 284, 292, 299 Aina (A-ih-na) boyu 56, 57, 58, 61, 64,
alfabe Arami; 43, 69, 70; deiiklii; 253, 65, 104
275, Latin; 246, 253, 258, 264, 266, 275; at ve atlk 48, 82
Sogd 59, 60, 63, 69, 70, 71 atabegler 99
Ali Hseyinzade 206, 231 Atatrk, Mustafa Kemal 263, 276-279,
Ali ir Nevai 64, 139, 178 282-284, 287, 288, 309
Aliyev, Haydar 250, 251, 253 atl okular 41, 42, 44, 66, 129, 307
Almanya 187, 225, 239, 248, 279, 282, Attila 55
288, 289, 291-294 Avarlar 53
Alp Arslan 95, 97-99 Avrasya 23, 25, 28, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 55,
alpler 102, 148 71, 73, 379, 89, 108, 109, 117-119, 122,
Altay; dilleri 28, 73; dalar 24, 40; halk- 124, 126, 130, 139, 142, 144, 149, 159,
lar 39 168, 176, 183, 269, 297, 300, 302
Altn Diba Dairesi 118 Avrupa 25, 30, 39, 43, 53, 55, 67, 73, 80,
Altn Orda (Coi Ulusu) 86, 88, 89, 110, 95, 102, 103, 108, 109, 118, 119, 122,
121, 138, 140, 141 125, 130, 133, 134, 139, 140, 144, 145,
Altn Slale 111, 118, 121, 137 149, 150, 159, 160, 163, 172, 179, 180,
Amu Derya Irma 92, 199 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 193, 201, 208,
An Luan 69, 70, 76 209, 210, 211, 214, 216, 217, 222, 223,
376 QGHNV
225, 229, 230, 231, 233, 237, 238, 249, Bolad engang 122, 125, 301
269, 270, 274, 276, 277, 278, 283, 287, Bolevik 197, 202, 204, 207, 241, 242,
289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 298, 308, 311, 246, 247, 255; Devrimi 225, 233, 234,
313; Avrupa Birlii 60, 186, 288, 302 241, 295
ynlar 96, 122, 160 boz gurdlar 252
Aytmatov, Cengiz 260 bozkr; halklar 31, 37-40, 44, 45, 79,
Azerbaycan 164, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 107, 129, 130, 142, 145; Koridoru 41;
197, 198, 203, 206, 245-253, 256, 264,; kltr 41, 48, 59, 73, 79, 97, 117, 125
aydnlar 193-196, 231, 246, 253, 265, Bg Kaan 76
310; Halk Cumhuriyeti 196, 197, 252; bri. bkz. kurt
ran 164, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198, Budaclk 69, 73, 121
245, 248, 249, 254; Rusya 191-193, Buhara 59, 63, 71, 144, 194, 201, 203,
195, 196; Sovyet 245, 249, 250, 251, 254; Emirlii 199
252, 254 Bula, Ali 294
Azerice 29, 192, 193 Bulgarlar 72, 73, 150
Bumin Kaan 61
Baba Tkles 87, 88, 89, 91, 102, 120, 121
Bursa 150
Bbilik 192
Bveyhiler 95, 96
Babur 139, 140, 141, 165, 167, 174-178,
302, 303, 308
el-Cahiz 92
bacyan- Rm 102, 148
Cmi (air) 139, 178
Bagirov, Mir Cafer 247, 250
Badat 71, 92, 93, 95, 96, 110, 137 Camit-tevarih 125
Bahailik 192 Cedidciler 204, 205, 259
Baktria 38, 43; ayrca bkz. Tacikistan Celaleddin Rmi 100, 103
Bak 192, 193, 195, 197, 198, 245, 248, Celali isyanlar 130
250, 252, 310 Celayir kabilesi 137, 177
Balkan Savalar 225 Cemal Paa 227
Balkanlar 91, 131, 146, 155, 185, 186, Cend 94
208, 209, 212, 215, 217, 218, 219, 225, Cengiz Han 108, 111, 112, 114, 115, 121,
289, 299 124, 125, 151, 309; ardllar 108, 111,
Bams Beyrek 101 112, 121, 124, 137, 141, 142, 148
Bar Hebraeus 97 Cihangir 170
Barlas kabilesi 137 cizye 90, 114, 169, 170, 171
barut imparatorluklar. bkz. devlet Coi Ulusu (Altn Orda) 86, 141
tipleri Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi 273, 280, 283
Bakrlar 28, 73, 120, 137, 245
Battalname 100 adr 19, 29, 40, 59, 68, 75, 104, 114, 117
Bayezid I. (Sultan) 150 aaday 109
Beijing 109, 266, 267 aatay Ulusu 137
Bektailik 148 aatayca 139, 178
Berke Han 86 ar 95, 97
Bihar 165 anakkale 225
Bihzad 177 andarl 152, 153
bildr-Rm 99 any 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 75, 76
Bilge Kaan 61, 76 iftdillilik 255, 269
Bizans, Bizansllar 55, 59, 63, 72, 73, iller, Tansu 286
91, 95, 98-101, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, in 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 39, 44, 46,
159, 303 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 59, 60, 61, 63, 70,
QGHNV 377
71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 108, 109, 110, 112, 113, Dnya Sava I. 80, 187, 194, 195, 196,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124, 201, 207, 227, 228, 229, 233, 234, 262,
125, 126, 129, 131, 138, 140, 142, 143, 277, 279
145, 181, 186, 188, 195, 206, 207, 233, Dnya Sava II. 187, 233, 244, 248, 253,
235, 240, 265, 267, 269, 272, 302; evlilik 258, 269, 278, 281
ittifaklar 50, 76, 170; Han hanedan Dyun- Umumiye 217
44, 50, 52, 60, 75, 76; kaynaklar 31,
35, 45, 54, 56, 57, 58, 61, 64, 65, 68, 75, Ebulgazi 16
76, 125, 298; Mingler 129; prensesleri Eblhayr 142
60, 70, 75, 76, 77, 78; Qingler 60, 129, Ede Bal 149
206, 207; Tang hanedan 60, 69, 70, 71; edipler cumhuriyeti 139, 140
Yuan hanedan 110; yungnu ilikileri Ehl-i Kitap 90, 91, 101, 147
35, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 65, 75, 76 Ehl-i Zimmet 90
ungarya 24, 25, 109 Ekber 169, 170, 172, 300
uvalar 30, 244 Elibey, Ebulfez 253
Eletmi Bilge Kaan 76
Dalk Karaba 195, 247, 251, 252, 253 Elizavetpol (Gence) 192
daire-i adliyye 97 emir-yn sistemi 96, 122, 160
Dandanakan muharebesi 95 emperyalizm 115, 179, 180, 186, 187, 188,
Danimendname 100, 102 189, 203, 208, 209, 230, 233,236, 238,
Danimendoullar 100 241, 247, 294
Dara ukoh 170 Endls 134, 136
Danaklar 195, 197 Erbakan, Necmettin 286, 286
Dede Korkut 100, 101, 102, 250 Erdoan, Recep Tayyip 288
Delhi 137, 165, 166 Ermeniler Ermenistan 182, 192, 193, 195,
Delhi Sultanl 94 196, 197, 226, 245, 246, 247, 251, 252,
Demokrat Parti 197, 249, 280, 283 253, 287
derviler 85, 86, 88, 91, 99, 102, 103, 148, Erzurum 196, 228
152 Evrengzib 170
destanlar 29, 86, 102, 103, 147, 199
develer 38 Farsa 71, 97, 100, 104, 106, 103, 113,
devlet kurma gelenei 143, 168, 302, 303, 116, 119, 125, 126, 129, 137, 139, 142,
304, 309 151, 178, 203, 209, 218, 244, 254, 255,
devlet tipleri ve modelleri 277, 294; aske- 257, 269, 275
ri himaye devletleri 80, 127, 155, 164, Fatmiler 96
173; barut imparatorluklar 127, 131; Fatma Aliye 230
dorudan vergi alan imparatorluk 127, Fuad Paa (Keecizade) 213
303; gebe imparatorluklar 45, 54, frsnl-mihrab 98
115; hara imparatorluklar 53, 55, 56, ftvvet 84, 102; ayrca bkz. ahiler
302; ticaret-hara 55, 56; ulus-devlet
185, 187, 188, 229, 234, 237, 238, 271, Gagavuzlar 30
273, 303, 306 Gansu eyaleti 25, 30
Devlet, Urke 267 Gaspral smail (smail Gasprinskii)
devletilik 276, 277, 278, 285 190, 194, 203, 204, 230, 231, 241, 246
devletin kutsallatrlmas 305, 306 gayrimslimler 89, 90, 114, 149, 151, 208,
Digenis Akritas 100, 101 214, 217, 221, 226, 229, 230; ayrca bkz.
dirlik sistemi 65 Hristiyanlk Yahudiler
Divan Lgatit-Trk 106
378 QGHNV
gaza 82, 90, 91, 94, 100, 147, 148, 153; Hristiyanlar, Hristiyanlk 27, 30, 69,
ayrca bkz. gaziler 70, 72, 73, 81, 89, 90, 91, 94, 98, 101,
Gazan (lhan) 125 119, 121, 138, 147, 148, 152, 155, 169,
gaziler 91, 95, 98-103, 147, 148, 151-153, 186, 187, 189, 195, 214, 221, 224, 288,
155, 165, 166, 168, 172 300; Nasturiler 69, 70, 94, 119, 121, 138
Gazneliler 93, 95, 96 Hindistan 20, 25, 43, 60, 71, 84, 90, 93,
Gelibolu 150 94, 108, 122, 131, 138, 139, 140, 159,
Gence 119, 192, 245 165, 167, 169, 170-174, 176, 200, 225,
Gen Osmanllar 219, 223, 229 233, 302, 303
Geyhatu (lhan) 125 Hindular 90, 169, 171, 300
Gilan 198 Hint-Avrupallar 31, 39, 42, 43
Giraylar 120 Hiva Hanl 199
Gorbaov, Mihail 251, 260, 262, 263 Hoca Niyaz 266
gebeler 22, 27, 30, 32, 38, 44, 54, 65, Hocal 253
69, 70, 115, 131, 199, 201, 259, 304, 305 Hokand 199, 200, 202, 207
gler 14, 16, 55, 92, 94, 201, 291, 297, Horasan 92, 93, 95, 108, 147, 177
301; Avrupaya ii 238 Humeyni, Ruhullah 254
Gkalp, Ziya 206, 231, 287 Hunlar 55
gulam sistemi 93, 94, 96, 98, 151, 156, hcum (slam normlarna) 246, 257,
161; ayrca bkz. kle 274, 294
gl motifi 18 Hlag 109, 112, 115
Glhane Hatt- Hmayunu 212, 214, 215 Hmayun 165, 175
Gyg 116 Hseyin Baykara 137, 139, 177, 308
Hseyinzade, Ali 206, 231
Habsburglar 163
Hala dilleri 29 bn Battta 22
hal 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 28, 35, 39, 40, bn Haldun 135, 146, 148, 171, 172, 173
41, 43, 55, 74, 77, 80, 82, 89, 117, 118, branice 134
122, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 180, 182, Asya 22, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37,
190, 297, 306; mecaz olarak 17, 18, 19, 38, 44, 45, 52, 53, 55, 58, 61, 63, 65, 70,
35, 41, 45, 82, 118, 122, 311 71, 72, 73, 80, 85, 88, 106, 108, 120, 124,
halklar oca (officina gentium) 25 129, 131, 135, 137, 140, 142, 144, 145,
Han (unvan) 72, 73, 104, 108, 156 148, 152, 168, 171, 174, 188, 189, 199,
Hanefilik 97 203, 208, 240, 244, 268, 298, 299, 300,
hara 49, 50-53, 55, 56, 59, 61, 63, 64, 302; ekoloji 20-28; devlet oluumu 24,
100, 101, 114, 127, 157, 303; ayrca bkz. 143, 311; Mslmanlamas 86, 89, 92,
devlet tipleri 94, 104, 121, 179; sosyokltrel ekoloji
Harezm 71, 108, 114, 115, 116, 203, 254 28-34; tarih ncesi 37, 125
Harezmah devleti 108 el-drisi 91
hatun 64, 65, 69, 75, 76, 77, 97, 123 hidler 93
Hazar Denizi 22, 72, 111, 193, 198, 199, ikili siyasi rgtlenme 65, 72, 80, 85, 115,
251 122, 127, 215, 217, 274, 303
Hazarlar 56, 72, 73 ikta 96, 99, 138, 141, 142, 171
Hemedan 125 lhanllar 110, 113, 123, 152
heqin antlamalar 51 lteri 61
Herat 23, 48, 139, 177, 178 iltizam sistemi 210, 211
Herodotos 39, 42, 75, 125 imperium ve emporium 115
nn, smet 278, 280
QGHNV 379
pek Yolu 25, 26, 28, 63, 138, 144, 210 Kabul Kaan 107
ran 20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, kadnlar bkz. toplumsal cinsiyet
43, 44, 48, 55, 57, 58, 59, 69, 70, 71, 72, Kadimci 204
83, 84, 91, 97, 98, 104, 106, 109, 110, Kafkaslar 55, 167, 186, 189, 191, 192, 194,
112, 113, 118, 122, 124, 125, 126, 133, 196, 208, 226, 240, 248, 250, 252
146, 150, 152, 156, 163, 167, 186, 189, kaan 49, 53, 56-61, 63-65, 68-70, 72, 73,
191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 205, 74, 75, 76, 77, 96, 104, 107, 109-114,
222, 233, 245, 247, 248, 249, 254, 255, 116, 120, 124, 156, 303, 305
264, 287, 301, 305; Kacar hanedan Kan Tural 101
191; Safeviler 155, 164, 165, 169, 171, kapkullar 156, 158, 161
172, 173; Seluklu dneminde 92-97; kapitlasyonlar 209, 211
20. yzylda 187, 240, 250 Kaplan, Metin 293
skender 43 kara bodun 65, 153
skitler 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 117, 118, 125 Karabalgasun. bkz. Ordubalk
slamclar 252, 263, 278, 284, 292 Karahanllar 92, 103, 104, 105
slamiyet 19, 22, 26, 27, 35, 43, 45, 55, Karaim 30
72, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 88, 89, 90, Karakorum 70, 109, 113, 116, 121
91, 94, 95, 97, 100, 102, 104, 107, 118, Karakoyunlular 146
121, 135, 139, 145, 165, 169, 170, 179, Karamanllar 120
184, 192, 204, 230, 244, 274, 285, 293, Karauna 137
299, 300, 306; Asyada yaylmas 79, Kagar 207, 266
155; kabul etme 20, 37, 71, 77, 80, 81, Kagarl Mahmud 44, 79, 106, 205, 268
83-86, 92, 94, 104, 110, 121, 123, 125, Katerina II. 189, 199
135, 141, 168, 171, 199, 299; ayrca bkz. Kauin 137
Mslmanlar Kaylar 72
smail I. (ah) 168, 169 Kazakistan 20, 94, 199, 201, 257, 258,
spanya 90, 133, 134, 189 259, 261-265, 267
el-stahri 63 Kazaklar 28, 31, 129, 194, 199, 255, 259,
stanbul/Konstantinopolis 133, 136, 159, 261, 266, 267, 310
191, 193, 210, 212, 216, 219, 221, 226, kazaklk 137, 141, 176, 177
227, 228, 229, 282, 286, 290, 309 Kazan 28, 139, 140, 199, 242; Hanl 189
stemi 58, 59, 61, 64, 65 kelle vergisi (kubir) 114
ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti 222, 224 Kerait 111, 120
van IV (ar) 140, 189 kervanlar 15, 16, 25, 74, 180
Knklar 72
Jn Trkler 222, 223, 224, 229, 274, 276, Kpak 73, 141
278 Krgzistan, Krgzlar 20, 28, 31, 70, 71,
77, 199, 201, 255, 259, 265, 266, 298
Kabil 165 Krm 22, 28, 116, 120, 122, 140, 163, 189,
kabile, kabilecilik 18, 29, 31, 32, 39, 42, 203, 210, 244
44, 45, 47-50, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63, Kzlba 165, 166, 167, 169
64, 65, 68, 69, 70-74, 82, 89, 94, 98, 99, kimlik 14, 18, 19, 28, 95, 106, 139, 151,
101, 107, 108, 110, 111, 118, 120, 124, 180, 185, 191, 193, 195, 205, 223, 237,
131, 135, 137, 138, 140-142, 146, 147, 238, 239, 262, 263, 268, 275, 284, 288,
148, 150, 152, 153, 164, 166, 167, 168, 294, 297, 306, 309, 310, 313; politika-
171, 174, 177, 188, 199, 213, 255, 273, lar 238, 262, 263, 284, 288, 313; dini
301, 303-305, 307, 310; yeni-kabilecilik 95, 165; etnik-dilsel 37; kavramlar
140, 141, 146, 148, 172, 301 205, 240, 275; ortak 205, 206, 223, 229,
380 QGHNV
230, 231, 240, 265, 301; Uygur 208, 265; 137, 140, 141, 142, 148, 150, 151, 152,
melez 234; ayrca bkz. otobs (Trk 155, 166, 170, 172, 177, 213, 243, 250,
kimliinin mecaz olarak) 304, 305
komuta aktarm (translatio imperii) Makedonya 43, 222, 224, 225
43, 142 makropolitika 32, 44, 45, 47, 77, 98, 101,
Konya 100, 103 129, 140, 142, 146, 147, 152, 160, 168,
Kore Sava 280, 281 174, 288, 303 311; erken modern im-
kken efsaneleri 58, 88, 91, 149 paratorluklarda 77, 98, 101, 129, 140,
kle 25, 65, 92, 93, 94, 151; eriatte 90, 135, 152, 160; modern ada 122, 299, 304;
151, 156; askerler (gulam, memluk) 65, Moollar dneminde 32, 44, 45, 47,
92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 135, 146, 151, 156, 77, 98, 101
161; ayrca bkz. gulam sistemi, kullar, Malazgirt 27, 98, 101, 152, 275, 298
kapkullar Manular 70, 143, 206, 207
Kprller 161, 162 Manurya 22, 50, 60
Kubilay 109, 112, 113, 118, 124 Manicilik 73
Kuek Han 198
Mao Zedong 266
kullar 105, 135, 151, 153, 156, 157, 160,
Maverannehir 71, 89, 92, 93, 95, 103,
161, 167
131, 137, 165
Kuman-Kpaklar 73
mavi defter (kk debter) 114
Kunaev, Dinmuhammed 261
medreseler 84, 97, 98, 203, 274
Kuran 81, 83, 89, 90, 202
mehdilik 164, 166
kurt 56, 57, 58, 64, 73, 149, 261
Kruev, Nikita 259 Mehmed Ali Paa 212, 213
kut 63, 64, 68, 69, 72, 93, 96, 156, 168, 305 Mehmed Bey (Karamanolu) 103
Kutadgu Bilig 104, 106 Mehmed Emin li Paa 213
Kuteybe bin Mslim 71 Mehmed I. (Sultan) 153
Kutlumu oullar 99 Mehmed II. (Fatih Sultan) 150, 153, 155
kutsal korunak (koruk) 120 Mekteb-i Tbbiye-i hne 221, 222
kutsallatrma bkz. devletin kutsalla- Melik el-Efdal bin Resul 119
trlmas Melik ah 95, 97, 98, 99
kltler, Asya 30, 70, 73, 80, 86, 94, 299, Menderes, Adnan 280, 281
300; ayrca bkz. amanizm Meng 108-112, 114, 116
kresel cephanelik 138, 174 merkezileme 44, 45, 47, 49, 110, 124,
kreselleme 14, 180, 182, 184, 188, 237, 131, 137, 157, 158, 160, 173, 211, 215,
238, 241, 269, 288, 313 216, 234
kriyen 110 Merv 200
Krtler 252, 284, 286, 292 Mesud Sabri 266
Msr 20, 93, 94, 96, 133, 139, 146, 155,
laiklik 168, 184, 192, 246, 254, 272, 278, 209, 210, 212, 213, 219, 227
281, 284, 287, 294; n-laiklik 168 mikropolitika 32, 140, 142, 147, 152; er-
Lenin 202, 241, 242, 246, 257 ken modern imparatorluklarda 124,
Longcheng 49, 52 129, 131, 140, 142, 146, 147, 152, 160;
modern ada 168, 171, 174, 188, 234,
Macaristan 55, 73, 155, 224, 234, 262 243, 250, 255, 261, 268, 303, 305, 309,
Mahmud II. (Sultan) 162, 210-213, 218, 310, 311; Moollar dneminde 32, 44,
219 45, 77, 98, 101, 120, 124
Mahmud Yalava 114 Milli Nizam Partisi 283
maiyet 32, 46, 47, 49, 51, 54, 57, 58, 64, Milli Selamet Partisi 283
93, 110, 111, 112, 115, 117, 118, 120,
QGHNV 381
milliletirme (korenizatsiya) 246, 255, Mdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri 228, 272
310 Mslmanlar 71, 81, 82, 83, 84, 90, 91,
Milliyeti Hareket Partisi 283, 292 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 105, 110, 114, 115,
milliyetilik 195, 208, 209, 214, 218, 240, 121, 135, 143, 145, 155, 167, 169, 170,
242, 244, 262, 278 189, 191, 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 201,
Miryokefalon Muharebesi 100 202, 204, 205-208, 210, 217, 219, 221,
Mirza Sirac Rahim 231 222, 224, 226, 230, 241, 243, 250, 255,
mirzalar 142 256, 258, 291, 293, 294, 299; ayrca bkz.
Misket Trkleri 244 slamiyet
modernleme 180, 186, 188, 192, 194,
203, 206, 210, 213, 220, 229, 231, 238, Nahvan 197, 246, 247
240, 269, 294, 304, 311 Nakibendiler 143
modernlik 179, 180, 183, 184, 185, 206, Namk Kemal 219, 229
209, 215, 221, 229, 230, 233, 236, 238, Nazarbayev, Nursultan 261, 263
244, 245, 256, 258, 268, 271, 299, 306, Nerimanov, Neriman 247
313; kresel 77, 218, 238, 294 Ningguo (Prenses) 76, 77
Modun 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 54, 75, 76, 172, Niyazov, Saparmurad 263
304, 309 Nizam- Cedid 210, 211
Moolca 28, 108, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, Nizamlmlk 93, 98, 99, 104
173 Nogaylar 120
Moolistan 20, 22, 24, 25, 31, 35, 39, 43, noyanlar 111
49, 58, 60, 62, 66, 69, 71, 79, 109, 112, nker 141, 148
118, 121, 129, 265
Moollar 20, 22, 25, 39, 40, 49, 57, 64, ocak sembolizmi 68
65, 70, 71, 79, 84, 86, 99, 101, 103, 105, Ouz Han 16, 150
107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114-122, 124, Ouzlar 72, 94
125, 135, 138, 143, 167, 174, 303, 308; ondalk dzen 50
Mool mparatorluu 36, 72, 107, 108, ordo (Moollarda) 116, 120
110, 111, 119, 120, 122, 124, 137, 160, ordo bazar 117
300; ve Trkler 26, 39, 40, 42, 107, 121 ordu 153
Mugaller 164, 166, 167, 172, 173, 174, 176, Ordubalk (Karabalgasun) 70
300, 302, 304; Mugal mparatorluu Orhan Bey 149, 150
129, 175, 302, 303 Orhon Irma 56, 69, 70, 107, 116
Muhakematl-Lugateyn 139 Orhon yaztlar 58, 61, 64, 69
Muhammed (Hz.) 79, 81, 82, 83, 121, Orta Asya: ekolojisi 15-28, 38, 43, 50,
155, 165 57, 59, 71, 79, 80, 91, 93, 96, 101, 106,
Muhammed Ali ah 195 110, 114, 120, 131, 133, 137, 138, 139,
Muhammed Cafer 196 140, 172, 302; Rusya ile in arasnda
Muhammed Hyabani 197, 198 blnm 131, 135, 144, 145, 183, 186,
Muhammed Rza Pehlevi 254 189, 199, 201, 202, 203, 206; Trk-Tacik
Muhammed Rza ah 248 ortakyaam 208, 230, 269
Muhammed ibani Han 141 Ortadou 20, 27, 29, 31, 55, 79, 90, 91,
Muhammed Yakub Beg 207 92, 118, 121, 124, 127, 130, 131, 179,
Murad I. (Sultan) 151, 152, 153 186, 208, 227, 285, 302, 303; Moollarn
Mustafa Paa 162 istilas 80, 84, 110, 117; Trklerin gelii
Mustafa Reid Paa 213 92, 93, 94, 103, 145, 146
el-Mutasm 93 Osman Bey 147, 148, 149, 150
Mceddid-i Elf-i Sani 170
382 QGHNV