16-QSP-05-3A

DESIGN GUIDE

FOR

BATTERY & BATTERY CHARGER

SIZING

0 01-09-04 First issue IB ASA NS

Rev. Date Description Prpd. Chkd. Appd.
Word

Standard Number Rev.

Triune Projects Pvt. Ltd. DESIGN GUIDE FOR BATTERY
06-DG-005 0
New Delhi & CHARGER SIZING
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 16-QSP-05-3A

CONTENTS

1.0 PURPOSE

2.0 PROCEDURE

3.0 STEPS FOR BATTERY SIZING

4.0 STEPS FOR CHARGER SIZING

5.0 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS

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1.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this document is to lay down the guidelines and design procedure for
performing the battery & charger sizing calculation.

2.0 PROCEDURE

For battery backup time required, the customers design basis shall be referred. In the absence
of any specific customer requirements, the backup time can be considered as 1 hour. The
battery sizing shall be done on the basis of the following loads.

a) total continuous load

b) total 1st minute load
c) total 60th minute load

3.0 STEPS FOR BATTERY SIZING

3.1 Step-1 -Calculation Of Total Continuous Load

The total continuous load is the summation of the loads mentioned below: -

a) Continuous load for HT Switchboards

b) Continuous load for LT Switchboards (PCC)
c) Continuous load for MCCs, if applicable
d) DC Lighting loads
e) Other miscellaneous loads

a) Continuous load for HT Switchboards

The following loads shall be calculated:-

i) Total VA load of indicating lamps
ii) Total auxiliary load in VA (This includes trip circuit supervision relay, protection
relay, timer, undervoltage relay, auxiliary supply supervision relay.)

i) Total VA load of the indicating lamps

= (Total number of H.T. Breakers)
*(Number of the indicating lamps for each breaker)
*(VA load for each indicating lamp)
VA load for indicating lamps shall be obtained from manufacturers data . If no data is
available, then the load per lamp shall be assumed as 2 VA.

ii) Total auxiliary load

= (Total number of H.T. Breakers) *(Auxiliary load of each breaker)
Auxiliary loads of each breaker can be assumed as 50 VA.

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b) Continuous load for LT Switchboards (PCC)

Same procedure as mentioned for HT Switchboards shall be followed

c) Continuous load for MCCS

Same procedure as mentioned above for LT Switchboards shall be followed, if applicable

d) DC Lighting load

The wattage of all the lamps operating on DC shall be added to obtain the total DC lighting
load.

e) Other miscellaneous load

The wattage of all other miscellaneous load operating on DC shall be added to obtain the total
miscellaneous load.

3.2 Step-2 Calculation Of Total 1st Minute Load

The total 1st minute load is the summation of the following loads:-
a) 1st minute load for HT Switchboards
b) 1st minute load for LT Switchboards
c) 1st minute load for MCCS

a) 1st minute load for HT Switchboards

The total 1st minute load is the summation of the following loads:-

i) Total VA loads of trip coils of all the breakers

ii) Total VA load of Lock out relay
iii) Total auxiliary load in VA
iv) Total continuous load

i) Total VA load of trip coils of all the breakers

=(Number of breakers)*(VA load of trip coil of each individual
breaker)
VA load of trip coil shall be obtained from manufacturers data. In the
absence of any data, the load may be assumed as 250 VA.

ii) Total VA load of Lock out relay of the breakers

= (Number of breakers) * (VA load of the relay)
VA load of lockout relay shall be obtained from manufacturers data.
In the absence of any data, the load may be taken as 150 VA.
The number of breakers shall be 3 incoming and approximately 3
outgoing feeders.

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iii) Total auxiliary load i.e. VA, may include load for relay, for auxiliary
relays, timers etc.

Total auxiliary load = Total number of breakers * auxiliary load for

each breaker feeder.
Auxiliary load of each breaker feeder can be taken as 15 VA.

iv) Total Continuous load is obtained in Step-1 above.

b) 1st minute load for LT Switchboards(PCC)

Same procedure as mentioned above for HT Switchboards shall be followed.

c) 1st minute load for MCCs

The procedure is the same as mentioned above for LT Switchboards, if applicable

3.3 Step-3 - Calculation Of Total 60th Minute Load

The total 60th minute load is the summation of the following loads:-

i) Total 60th minute load for HT switchboards

ii) Total 60th minute load for LT switchboards (PCC)
iii) Total 60th minute load for MCCs.

i) Total 60th minute load for HT switchboards:-

The total 60th minute load is the summation of the following loads:-

a) Total VA loads of closing coils of the number of breakers which will close at a time.
b) Total VA load of Spring Charging motors of all the breakers, if DC operated
c) Total continuous load.

a) Total VA loads of closing coils

=(Number of breakers which will close at a time)
*(VA load of closing coil of each individual breakers)

Number of breakers which will close at a time will depend on the operating philosophy of the
plant (2 Incomer, 1 Buscoupler, & 2 to 4 Outgoing feeders). The VA load of closing coils of each
individual breaker will be obtained from manufacturers data.

b) Total VA load of the Spring Charging Motors

=(Number of breakers)
*(VA load of spring charging motor of each individual breaker)

The VA load of spring charging motor of each individual breaker shall be obtained from
manufacturers data.

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c) Total Continuous load is obtained in Step 3.1 above.

ii) Total 60th minute load for LT Switchboards(PCC)

Same procedure as mentioned above for HT Switchboard shall be followed.

iii) Total 60th minute load for MCCs

The procedure is the same as mentioned above for LT Switchboards.

3.4 Step-4 Calculation Of Load Cycle Currents

Nominal DC Voltage = V
Considering 10 % voltage variation minimum DC voltage = 0.9 V
N = Number of Cells.
Therefore,
End Cell Voltage = (Minimum DC Voltage) / (Number of Cells)
= (0.9 V) /( N )

3.4.1 Calculation of total 1st minute load cycle current

Total 1st minute load (in VA ) is obtained in clause 3.2 above.

Total 1st minute load current = (Total 1st minute load in VA )/ (Minimum DC Voltage)

= (Total 1st minute load in VA )/ (0.9 V)

3.4.2 Calculation of total Continuous load current

Total Continuous load (in VA) is obtained in clause 3.1 above.

Total continuous load current

=(Total continuous load in VA ) / (Minimum DC Voltage )
=(Total continuous load in VA) / (0.9 V )

3.4.3 Calculation of 60th minute load cycle current

Total 60th minute load (in VA) is obtained in clause 3.3 above
Total 60th minute load current
= (Total 60th minute load in VA ) / (Minimum DC Voltage )
= ( Total 60th minute load in VA ) / ( 0.9 V )

From the above-obtained values for load cycle currents, the load cycle curve is drawn.

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I (in Amps)

T (in min)

0 1 59 60

3.5 Step-5 Calculation For Battery Sizing

The following factors are to be considered for battery sizing: -

a) Performance factor

This factor is considered to estimate the performance of the battery at a discharge rate
other than the nominal rate. The performance factor is defined as the ratio of the amperes
that can be drawn from the battery for t minutes to the rated capacity (AH), for a
particular end cell voltage.

Performance factor = Amperes ( in t minutes) / (Rated AH )

b) Temperature Correction Factor

This factor is considered to take care of the variations in performance of the battery at
different temperatures. While high temperature results in higher performance, lower than
nominal temperature (27C) lead to lower performance due to sluggish chemical
activities. The performance factor is divided by the temperature correction factor to obtain
the corrected performance factor.

c) Aging factor

The performance of a battery comes down with the time of usage. The battery reaches
the end of its useful life when it fails to deliver 80% of its rated capacity. In order to
deliver its rated capacity even at the end of the estimated life of the battery, a correction
factor of 1.25 ( = 1 / 0.8 ) is taken as aging factor. However, customers design basis shall
also be referred for any specific requirements regarding aging factor.

d) Spare capacity factor

A spare capacity factor shall be considered to take care of any future additional load.
Customers design basis shall be referred for any customer requirements regarding spare
capacity. In the absence of any specific customer requirements, a spare capacity factor of
1.2 ( 20% additional capacity ) can be considered.

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Triune Projects Pvt. Ltd. DESIGN GUIDE FOR BATTERY

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3.5.1 Calculation of Ampere Hour requirement for the first minute

i) Total time duration = 1 min

ii) The 1st minute load current is obtained from calculation in clause 3.4.1 above
iii) The end cell voltage is obtained in clause 3.4 above.
iv) For the value of end cell voltage, the performance factor corresponding to the value of
load current shall be obtained from manufacturers data.
Typically for an end cell voltage of 1.14 volts per cell, corresponding to a load of
212A for 1 min, the performance factor = 212 / 145 = 1.46

v) Let the minimum ambient temperature = t C. Corresponding to the minimum ambient

temperature, the temperature correction factor is obtained from manufacturers data.
Typically for a minimum ambient temperature of 10 C, the temperature
correction factor is 1.11

vi) The performance factor is divided by the temperature correction factor to obtain the
corrected performance factor
Corrected performance factor
= (Performance factor ) / (Temperature correction factor )

Here in our case, the corrected performance factor = 1.46 / 1.11 = 1.31

vii) Ampere Hour Opening Balance = 0

viii) Ampere Hour Capacity Required for the 1 st minute shall be calculated from the formula
mentioned below.
AH capacity required = ( Load current ) / (Corrected Performance Factor )

ix) Ampere Hour Capacity Drained shall be calculated from the formula mentioned below: -
AH capacity drained = (Load Current ) * (Time Duration in mins) / ( 60 )
x) AH Balance = AH Required - AH Drained
xi) AH to be added = AH Required - AH Opening Balance.
For the 1st minute, AH Opening Balance = 0
Therefore AH to be added = AH Required

3.5.2 Calculation of Ampere Hour Requirement from the first minute to the 60th minute

i) Total time duration = 58 min

ii) AH Opening Balance = AH balance at the end of 1st minute obtained from calculation
in clause 3.5.1 x) above.

i) The value of end cell voltage is the same as obtained in clause 3.5.1 above.

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ii) The load current drawn from the battery during this time duration is the total
continuous load current. The value of continuous load current is obtained from
calculation in clause 3.4.2 above.

iii) For the value of end cell voltage, the performance factor corresponding to the value of
load current, shall be obtained from manufacturers data. For the determination of
performance factor, even through the actual time duration is 58 min, the time duration
shall be considered as 60 min.
From the attached manufacturers data, for an end cell voltage of 1.14 Volts
per cell, corresponding to load current of 129A for 60 min,
Performance factor = 129 / 285 = 0.45

iv) The value of temperature correction factor is obtained in clause 3.5.1 x) above.

v) The performance factor is divided by the temperature correction factor to obtain the
corrected performance factor.
In this case, corrected performance factor = 0.45 / 1.11 = 0.4
vi) AH Capacity required shall be calculated from the formula mentioned in clause 3.5.1
viii) above.

vii) AH capacity drained shall be calculated from formula mentioned in clause 3.5.1 ix)
above.

viii) AH Balance = AH required AH drained.

ix) AH to be added = AH required AH opening Balance.

AH opening balance is already obtained in 3.5.2 ii) above.

3.5.3 Calculation of Ampere Hour Requirement for the 60th minute

i) Total time duration = 1 min

ii) AH Opening Balance = AH Balance at the end of 58 th minute as obtained from

calculation in clause 3.5.2 x) above.

iii) The value of end cell voltage is same as obtained in clause 3.5.1 above.

iv) The value of current drawn from the battery during this period is obtained in clause 3.4.3
above.

v) The value of performance factor shall be obtained by the method shown in clause 3.5.2
v) above.

vi) The value of temperature correction factor is already obtained in clause 3.5.1 v) above.

vii) The value of corrected performance factor is obtained by the method shown in clause
3.5.2vii) above.

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viii) AH capacity required shall be calculated from the formula mentioned in clause 3.5.1 viii)
above.

ix) AH capacity drained shall be calculated from formula mentioned in clause 3.5.1 ix)
above.

x) AH Balance = AH required AH drained

xi) AH to be added = AH Required AH Opening Balance

AH Opening Balance is already obtained in clause 3.5.3 ii) above.

3.5.4 Calculation of Battery AH capacity

Minimum AH capacity required

= ( AH to be added for 1st minute ) + (AH to be added from 1st minute to 60th
minute ) + ( AH to be added for 60th minute )

Aging Factor = 1.25 or as specified in customers design basis

Spare Capacity Factor = 1.2 or as specified in customers design basis

Hence battery AH capacity required = ( Minimum AH Capacity )
* (Aging factor ) * ( Spare Capacity Factor )

The nearest battery AH capacity as per manufacturers rating shall be selected. For example,
if the calculated value of AH Capacity is 645 AH & the nearest rating as per manufacturer is
690 AH, then 690 AH shall be selected.

4.0 STEPS FOR BATTERY CHARGER SIZING

The customers design basis shall be referred for any customer requirements regarding battery
charger sizing. In the absence of any specific customer requirements, the method mentioned
below shall be followed: -

4.1 Sizing Of Boost Charger

Battery Boost Charger Current Rating = 1.15 * 0.14 * AH rating of battery

( For lead acid battery )
= 1.15 * 0.2 * AH rating of battery
( For Nickel Cadmium Battery )
AH capacity of battery is obtained from calculation in clause 3.5.4 above.

4.2 Sizing Of Float Charger

Battery Float Charger Current Rating = 1.15 * Average DC load + float charge current
Average DC load
= ( Area under the battery duty cycle curve ) / ( Battery duty cycle duration )

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Triune Projects Pvt. Ltd. DESIGN GUIDE FOR BATTERY

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New Delhi & CHARGER SIZING
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 16-QSP-05-3A
In this case,
Average DC load = (1 / 60 ) * { (Total 1st minute load current ) * 1
+ (Total continuous load current ) * 58
+ (Total 60th minute load current ) * 1 }
Float charger Current = ( Float Charge factor ) * ( Battery AH Capacity )

The value of float charge factor shall be obtained from battery charger
manufacturer. However, for preliminary battery charger sizing calculation it can be assumed
as 0.01 ( 1 % max.) battery AH capacity. However, the same shall be checked & confirmed
with charger manufacture.

4.3 Selection Of Battery Charger Current Rating

The battery charger current rating shall be selected based on Boost charge current or float
charge current, whichever is higher. A spare capacity factor, on the basis of customer design
basis, shall be considered for future use. In the absence of any specific customer
requirements, a spare capacity factor of 1.25 (25 % spare capacity) can be considered.

Battery Charger rating = (Float charge current or Boost charge

current whichever is higher ) * (Spare capacity factor )

5.0 List Of Attachments

Attachment 1 Sample Battery & Charger sizing calculation

Standard Number Rev.

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Triune Projects Pvt. Ltd. DESIGN GUIDE FOR BATTERY

06-DG-005 0
New Delhi & CHARGER SIZING
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