Electrochemical Series

Electrochemical Series is an arrangement of metals

according to the tendency of their atoms to donate electrons. The
higher the position of a metal in the EC Series, the greater the
tendency of the metal atoms to donate electrons. Thus the more
electropositive is the metal. OR
ECS is an arrangement of metals in the decreasing order of
electropositivity (ability to release electrons)

K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu,

Ag (Hydrogen is between lead and copper, though
not a metal. But added in as a reference point)

Reactivity Series
Reactivity Series of metals is a list of metals arranged
according to their descending order of reactivity with oxygen /
decreasing order of reactivity towards oxygen.
(Hydrogen is between zinc and iron)

K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zn, H, Fe, Sn, Pb,

Cu, Hg, Ag, Au
NOTE : There is no carbon in EC Series but carbon is
present in the Reactivity Series.
Electrochemical Series
Kalau Nak Cantik, Mesti Ambil Zat Besi Sama
Panadol Hingga Cukup Angin
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium,
Zinc, Iron, Stanum, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver

Kalau Nak Cari Mat Ali, Ziarahi Flat Sekolah

Pada Hari Cuti Ahad
Pop Star Can Make All Zebras In Town Like His Car

Electrochemical Series
Potassium Kalau Kalau
Sodium Nak Nak
Calcium Cantik Cari
Magnesium Mesti Mat
Aluminium Ambil Ali
Zinc Zat Ziarahi
Iron Besi Flat
Stanum Sama Sekolah
Lead Panadol Pada
Hydrogen Hingga Hari
Copper Cukup Cuti
Silver Angin Ahad

Electrochemical Series
(Cation)
Potassium, K+ Kalau Kalau
Sodium, Na+ Nak Nak
Calcium, Ca2+ Cantik Cari
Magnesium, Mg2+ Mesti Mat
Aluminium, Al3+ Ambil Ali
Zinc, Zn2+ Zat Ziarahi
Iron, Fe2+ Besi Flat
Stanum, Sn2+ Sama Sekolah
Lead, Pb2+ Panadol Pada
Hydrogen, H+ Hingga Hari
Copper, Cu2+ Cukup Cuti
Silver, Ag+ Angin Ahad
Electrochemical Series
(Anion)
 -
Floride, F Finally
2-
Sulphate, SO4 SOme
-
Nitrate, NO3 NOisy
-
Chloride, Cl Clown
-
Bromide, Br Broke
-
Iodide, I Into
-
Hydroxide, OH Our House

Acrostic method to remember

Historical development of atomic models

Discovered
 Dont John Dalton Atom as a very
tiny ball

Throw J.J. Thomson Electron

Rubbish Ernest Proton

Rutherford

Below Neils Bohr Atomic shells

Carpet James Neutrons

Chadwick

Elements in the Periodic Table

Period 2
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Florine Neon
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Let Bell Boy Carry Nine Oranges For Nenek

Period 3
Sodium Magnesiu Alumi Silicon Phosphor Sulphur Chlorin Argon
m nium us e

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Nak Makan Appl Sila Pergi Supermar Cari Apple
e ket

Transition Elements
Scandi Titani Vanadi Cromi Manga Ferum Cobalt Nickel Copp Zinc
um um um um nese
er
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Send The Very Crazy Monk For Chec Near Coun Zoo
ey kout try

How to remember positive ions / negative

ions

Positive Ions
Single charge positive ions ( 1 +ve charge)
 H+ Li+ Na+ K+ Ag+ NH+

He Likes NapKin Arranged Nightly

Al3+ is the only triple positive charged ion in Form 4, 5.
The rest of the metal ions are mostly double charged

Negative Ions
a) Single charge negative ions (anions)
All of them have a vertical line l in their formula, except
PO43- (phosphate ion) & N3- (nitride ion)

OH- Cl- Br- I- F- H- NO3-

b) Double charge negative ions

SO42- CO32- O2-

Solubility Of Salts
1. All ANaK ( Ammonium , Sodium & Potassium ) salts are soluble

2. All sulphate salts are soluble except PemBaCa (Lead, Pb ;

Barium, Ba ; Calcium, Ca)

3. All chloride salts are soluble except PengHArga (Lead, Pb ;

Mercury, Hg ; Silver , Ag)
Electrochemical Series
Kalau Nak
Potassium, Nak Cari
Sodium,
Calcium,
Cantik, Mat
Magnesium, Mesti Ali,
Aluminium, Ambil Ziarahi
Zinc, Zat Flat
Iron, Besi Sekolah
Stanum,
Sama Pada
Lead,
Hydrogen, Panadol Hari
Copper, Hingga Cuti
Cukup Ahad
Silver Angin

Kalau