Anomaly Event detection using BGS

Algorithm and image skeletonization for low

Resoultion video

V Murugan
Department of Electronics Engineering Department of Electronics Engineering
Madras Institute of Technology Madras Institute of Technology
Chennai Chennai
muruganv@mitindia.edu Suvisen31@gmail.com

AbstractA system for low cost ,less computation automatic

identifying and tracking of objects and events in the low
resolution video is presented. The proposed video analyzing
II. FOREGROUND IMAGE SKELETONIZATION SYSTEM(FISS)
system provides best solution by using BGS algorithm, image
skeletonization technique and SVM. Experimental results which Video surveillance unit is the basic unit of our event
illustrate this system is optimal for real time applications in video analyzing system. The functions of FISS are 1)Detection of
surveillance. moving object 2) Positioning the object 3)Identification of
events 4)Assessment of object and 5)Classification of event.
KeywordsAnomalyeventdetection;Background
subtraction;object tracking;skeletonization
Flow chart to detect anomaly behavior in video stream by
FISS
I. INTRODUCTION
Real time video analyzing applications in the field of Input stream
digital image processing requires high resolution frames and
more computational systems. But commercial video
surveillance systems has low resolution needs minimum
storage and less processing time. Video monitored by the Extract features (BGS)
human operator or automatic system needs accurate
information about the object .Visual feature details of object
and event from low resolution video is more complex. Skeletonization
In this paper we implement the cost effective system for
video surveillance especially used in ATM centers, Bus
Terminal ,Hospitals, traffic monitoring systems which requires Classifier (SVM)
less computational systems. This system works in real time to
detect the event which is taking place in the scene but not the
person who is doing, so low resolution video is suitable.
We studied many algorithms and image processing Abnormal
Normal
techniques for low resolution image analyzing application and
suggest the best combination of Background
Subtraction(BGS) algorithm , image skeletonization technique
and Support vector machine (SVM) for classifying events.
The proposed system is (FISS) Foreground Image A. Detection of moving object
Skeletonization System.Experimental results are included to
this system which explains the system performance with Using a stationary camera in video surveillance systems
different scene and events happened in the scene. Comparative the observation of human activity is very essential. To detect
analysis of our BISS method and histogram motion method is the object which is in normal or abnormal condition is based
studied. on the following conditions.
 i) Counting of people and estimation of crowd level
ii) Basic movements (standing, sitting, sleeping, bending)
iii) Behavioral recognition
The object detection and tracking method involves the
following steps.
a) The calibration of camera used in the system before the
analysis is done
b) Identification of foreground features of the scene.
c) Extract the moving object from the rarely changing
background scene.
B. Video surveillance system
The first step in image analysis is image segmentation .It is
the preprocessing step. The digital image divided in to
multiple set of pixels based on the color, texture, shape and
structure. There are so many segmentation techniques are
widely used. With in the classification of techniques , we
select the Region based threshold method which is the best
method suitable in our BGS algorithm uses separating the
foreground from background based on the Threshold value. In
Threshold method adaptive threshold is the best suitable
method for real time video analysis.
C. Conversion of video into frames:
The first step is convert stream of video into frames. The
format of frame is conveniently suitable for further processing.
The removal of noise in the frame is processed by image
processing techniques .Other operations such as smoothing,
Dilation, Erode are suitably used for the frames used for
segmentation of frames by background subtraction algorithm.
D. Modelling of Background :
According to the background in the scene either static or
dynamic ,in our case ATM centre background is mostly static
back ground modeling is used to create the ideal background .
III. BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION ALGORITHM
By using the Background subtraction algorithm, depends
upon the every frame features, background formation and
foreground computations are calculated.
It has two steps in this algorithms 1) Initialization of
background (i.e) the generation of first model of background.
2) Updating the model (i.e) depends upon the scene
changes, the model information is updated.
Algorithm:
Initialization: Calculate the frame difference at time t
Thr Threshold value
S1:t(x,y)=Intensity of pixel with coordinate (x,y)in the
frame at time t.
t-1(x,y)=Intensity of pixel(x,y) in the frame at time t-1.
While i=0:n;
(x,y)=| t(x,y)- t-1(x,y)|;
If((x,y))= =o;
Then Foreground binary mask= (x,y);
If ((x,y)>Thr)
(x,y)=fo Video reground pixel;
Else
(x,y)=background pixel;
Flow chart for BGS algorithm process:
Preprocessed Video input
Foreground Detection
Background model Post Processing
Background mask
Background
modelling
IV. SKELETONIZATION
Moving targets are detected using Background subtraction
which is selected for preprocessing and the boundaries are
derived .Thinning process used star type skeleton. Shape
Selection of skeleton is very important .Star shaped contour
gives better skeleton which is used determine the activity of
human in the scene .Preprocessing of frame is needed to
skeletonization are 1)The selected foreground image is
undergone image processing techniques such as dilation
followed by erosion which gives better feature even thin body
segments. Finally the border of the target is extracted.
Skeleton is the thin form of target which has equidistant with
its boundaries. It has all the necessary information to
reproduce the shape. The morphological characters such as
connectivity ,length and width are derived from the shape.
The important information need to detect the movement of
object is the change in contour region shape with respect to
time. Skeletonization techniques such as thinning ,distance
transformation are needs more computation. So our proposed
method to skeletonization is star technique, which accounts
only extreme points. This method needs the extreme points of
target which makes star form in its centre.
Steps involved in star skeletonization:
1) calculate the centroid of the target
(Xc, Yc) = (x1+x2+.+xn ; y1+y2+..+yn)
n n
 n=number of boundary pixels
2) calculate the distance between centriod and the border
points di
3) consider d(i)=di is the function with period eith n
4) Using linear filter the d(i) is smoothened and the
distortion is reduced .
.
eature space in two sub spaces, one for each class through a
separating hyperplane. Using
SVM classifier skeleton of events are compared with the
trained skeleton for event detection

V. SUPPORT VECTORMACHINE
SVM is used to classify the events for this system.In this
algorithm the binary SVM is to divide the d-dimensional