Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1-1
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3. Accessible can be located quickly (within a seconds) and easily
requires a retrieval system that the worker knows, understand and
trusts.
4. Consistent conform to a style guide developed specifically for
procedures and work instructions. Also demand that the material used
for worker training are provided.
Job order is the written authority given a worker or shop to perform certain work.
Parts of Job Order:
1. Customer information details of the customer.
2. Equipment/components specifications these are the detailed
information of the equipment to be repair or diagnose.
3. Delivery Date the date when the customer will get the unit/equipment
being repair.
4. Job Order Number the number of job that has been performed
5. Job to be performed a specified task to be performed
6. Price the amount to be paid after the performance of task
7. Remarks the status of the performed task
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Self- Check 7.1-1
Instruction: Answer the following question. Write your answer on the space
provided.
________________ 1. A fixed amount of money paid by the employer to the employee.
________________ 2. Is a tool provided to help someone to do a job correctly?
________________ 3. Is a written authority given a worker or shop to performed
certain work?
________________ 4. Is a written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of
a job analysis?
________________ 5. Is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a
particular task?
________________ 6. Are the written instructions instructional to document how to
perform a routine activity?
________________ 7. Monitoring and regulating of processes or delegated activities,
responsibilities or task?
3|Page
________________ 10. these are the detailed information of the equipment to be
repair or diagnose.
Consulting Personnel:
IT Manager a person in-charge whereby all of the information technology
resources of a firm are managed in accordance with its needs and priorities.
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What is a consulting methodology?
Consulting methodologies are methods or approaches used by consultants in
tackling a particular challenge, problem or client engagement.
5|Page
Phase 4: Solution Finding
They will be given assistance in specifying what they want and when
they want it.
Phase 5: Planning the Work/Working the Plan
The problem is planned in terms of who will do what, when, where,
how and with what resources. The plan is then carried out.
Phase 6: Evaluation/Termination
The person and the consultant look back over the project and their
relationship at this step. The consultant then withdraws and terminates the
consulting relationship.
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Enumeration: Enumerate the following:
1-4. Who are those personnel to be consulted in the work coordination?
5-10 What are the process of consulting?
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TASK SHEET 7.1-2
Supplies/Materials : Hand-outs
Steps/Procedure:
Assessment Method:
Portfolio Assessment using the Performance Criteria Checklist
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Performance Criteria Checklist
CRITERIA Yes NO
Does the student interview the proper personnel regarding
with their work
Does the student apply proper approach to the proper
personnel
Does the student get the problem encounter by the proper
personnel
Does the student acquire a solution from the problem
identified
Does the student acquire what type of approach used by the
personnel in solving the problem
Does the student acquire the plan of work used by the
personnel
Does the student acquire the solution applied
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.1.3
Manufacturer's name
timing diagram
Test circuit
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Ordering codes for differing packages and performance criteria
Application notes
Resistors
Capacitors
LEDs
Transistors
Inductors
Integrated Circuits
Resistor
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- Use to control the voltages and the currents in your circuit.
Capacitor
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Capacitor values and markings
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CAPACITOR SYMBOL
SEMICONDUCTORS
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and medical equipment.
Some of the diode specifications are: Maximum reverse voltage (V br), rated forward
current (If) , maximum forward voltage drop (V f) and package style. Table 3 gives
some of the most commonly used diodes with their specifications.
Circuit Interpretation
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IN 4007 Si 1000 1.6 1000
B. Transistor
specifications.
VCE hFE
Structu Case IC Ptot Category Possible
Code max min
re style max. max. (typical use) substitutes
. .
100m 300m
BC107 NPN TO18 45V 110 Audio, low power BC182 BC547
A W
General
100m 300m BC108C
BC108 NPN TO18 20V 110 purpose, low
A W BC183 BC548
power
General
BC108 100m 600m
NPN TO18 20V 420 purpose, low
C A W
power
200m 300m Audio (low
BC109 NPN TO18 20V 200 BC184 BC549
A W noise), low power
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General
TO92 100m 350m BC107
BC182 NPN 50V 100 purpose, low
C A W BC182L
power
General
BC182 TO92 100m 350m
NPN 50V 100 purpose, low BC107 BC182
L A A W
power
BC547 TO92 100m 500m
NPN 45V 200 Audio, low power BC107B
B C A W
General
BC548 TO92 100m 500m
NPN 30V 220 purpose, low BC108B
B C A W
power
BC549 TO92 100m 625m Audio (low
NPN 30V 240 BC109
B C A W noise), low power
General
2N305 700m 500m
NPN TO39 40V 50 purpose, low BFY51
3 A W
power
General
800m
BFY51 NPN TO39 1A 30V 40 purpose, BC639
W
medium power
General
TO92 800m
BC639 NPN 1A 80V 40 purpose, BFY51
A W
medium power
General
TIP29A NPN TO220 1A 60V 40 30W purpose, high
power
General
TIP31A NPN TO220 3A 60V 10 40W purpose, high TIP31C TIP41A
power
General
100
TIP31C NPN TO220 3A 10 40W purpose, high TIP31A TIP41A
V
power
General
TIP41A NPN TO220 6A 60V 15 65W purpose, high
power
General
2N305
NPN TO3 15A 60V 20 117W purpose, high
5
power
100m 300m
BC177 PNP TO18 45V 125 Audio, low power BC477
A W
General
200m 600m
BC178 PNP TO18 25V 120 purpose, low BC478
A W
power
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200m 600m Audio (low
BC179 PNP TO18 20V 180
A W noise), low power
150m 360m
BC477 PNP TO18 80V 125 Audio, low power BC177
A W
General
150m 360m
BC478 PNP TO18 40V 125 purpose, low BC178
A W
power
General
TIP32A PNP TO220 3A 60V 25 40W purpose, high TIP32C
power
General
100
TIP32C PNP TO220 3A 10 40W purpose, high TIP32A
V
power
Circuit Diagram
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C. Integrated Circuit
Its just an electronic circuit that has been shrunk to fit inside a chip.
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Semi Conductor Symbols
Inductor
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Its just a coil of wire and you can make one yourself by making some loops
out of a wire.
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a) Conductor c) Resistor
b) Semiconductor d) Insulator
2. a
3. d
4. a
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5. c
Test II.
1. Resistor is necessary to limit current and prevent LED from damage.
LEDs are diodes that only pass current in one direction.
Test III.
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SCORING RUBRIC FOR QUIZZES
Level of General Approach Comprehension
Achievem
ent
Exemplary Addresses the question. Demonstrates an accurate and
(5 pts States a relevant, justifiable answer. complete understanding of the
quizzes) Presents arguments in a logical order. question.
Uses acceptable style and grammar Backs conclusions with data and
(no errors). warrants.
Uses 2 or more ideas, examples
and/or arguments that support
the answer.
Adequate Does not address the question Demonstrates accurate but only
(4 pts explicitly, although does so adequate understanding of
quizzes) tangentially. question because does not back
States a relevant and justifiable conclusions with warrants and
answer. data.
Presents arguments in a logical order. Uses only one idea to support
Uses acceptable style and grammar the answer.
(one error). Less thorough than above.
Needs Does not address the question. Does not demonstrate accurate
Improvem States no relevant answers. understanding of the question.
ent Indicates misconceptions. Does not provide evidence to
(3 pts Is not clearly or logically organized. support their answer to the
Fails to use acceptable style and question.
quizzes)
grammar (two or more errors).
No Answer
(0 pts)
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JOB SHEET 7.1.3
Performance Objective: The learner must be able to obtain and interpret data of
electronic components.
Supplies/Material/s: Capacitor, Resistor and IC, pen, paper
Equipment/s: Multi-meter
Steps/Procedure:
1. Determine the type of a capacitor.
2. Manufacturer's name
3. Product number
9. DC specifications
10. Maximum power consumption over the whole operating temperature range
11. AC specifications
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14. Some characteristics are only given at a specific temperature, typically 25C
(77F)
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PERSISTENCE Works hard on the Works hard on the Can do Need
task and doesnt need task and only gets help simple parts of the ver
much help. after having tried many the problem
strategies given with little help. Gives
Student may extend throughout. often j
his thinking beyond the Starts someo
problem and make new Completes task, working on the answe
connections or create working dutifully at harder parts,
new problems. the harder parts also. but unless
there is help,
gives up.
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For example, interoperability testing is done between smartphone and tablet to
check data transfer via Bluetooth.
Bug detection
Fortunately, most radio frequency bugs are easily found. The signals that they
transmit are fairly common and can be spotted by a simple device tuned to the
frequency range that the offending bugs uses. Simply make sure all electronic
products are turned off in the space you are checking and slowly walk around the
room. If an offending radio frequency is operating in the room the device will pick
it up and notify you.
In simple terms with this process you can hear some of the strongest AM and FM
radio station. If the bug is transmitting in a complex modulation format or in
digital code you will probably not discover it.
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A bug detector is essentially a radio receiver that is able to pick up electromagnetic
signals that are broadcasted from an electronic device or specifically, a bug. Rather
than converting these intercepted radio broadcasts into data or audio, the bug
detector simply lights up and sounds an alarm whenever it receives a strong
frequency. By moving a bug detector around to nearby objects, it is able to alert
the user to hidden bugs.
There are a number of standard parameters with abbreviations that are used to
define the performance of an electronic component.
Reliability - deals with the process during which a conforming product turns into
a defective product. Electronic components performance and reliability are
evaluated using advanced analytical techniques and electronic measuring
techniques.
For example, there is the physical stress of the electronic device being dropped,
the thermal stress of temperature differences and the electrical stress applied
when the device is powered up. These types of external stress become factors that
may cause failure of electronic components during use of the product in which
they are embedded. To address this, we investigate the mechanisms of external
stress and failure occurrence in each type of electronic component from the design
stage and use the results as feedback for reliability design of electronic
components
Controls - A control is a procedure or policy that provides a reasonable assurance
that the information of electronic components used by an organization the data is
reliable.
Control is to guide or regulate the activities or operation of an apparatus, machine,
person, or system.
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(g) Conditions of measurement (e.g. the power supply details and the
load applied),
(h) The exact location where measurement was conducted,
(i) Observations during test,
(j) Readings of instruments (including relevant sections of recorder
charts),
(k) Identification of test operator,
(l) Detailed calculations and other factors affecting the test results,
and
(m) Supplementary information required for the analysis of the
recorded data.
Efficiency should not be confused with effectiveness: a system that wastes most of
its input power but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not
efficient. The term "efficiency" makes sense only in reference to the wanted effect.
A light bulb, for example, might have 2% efficiency at emitting light yet still be 98%
efficient at heating a room (In practice it is nearly 100% efficient at heating a room
because the light energy will also be converted to heat eventually, apart from the
small fraction that leaves through the windows).
- resist current.
- capable of amplification
I. Enumeration
1 7 Enumerate the Criteria in Testing Electronics Components
I1. Essay
1. Discuss Interoperability Testing
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Answer key 7.1.4
I.- Control
- bug detection
- Interoperability
- operating parameters
- efficiency
- effectiveness
- reliability
2. Efficiency and effectiveness: a system that wastes most of its input power
but produces exactly what it is meant to is effective but not efficient. The
term "efficiency" makes sense only in reference to the wanted effect.
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SCORING RUBRIC FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS
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Needs Does not address the Does not demonstrate
improvement question understanding of the question,
(4 pts) States no relevant arguments inaccurate
Is not clearly or logically Does not provide evidence to
organized support response to the
Fails to use acceptable style question
and grammar
No Answer (0 pts)
Total Score:___________
Comments/Feedback:___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________
___________________________________
Teacher Signature
Reference:
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/semiconductor.asp#ixzz4Ezn34czq
DOCUMENTATION:
Documentation is the key to compliance and ensures traceability of all
development, manufacturing, and testing activities. Documentation provides the
route for auditors to assess the overall quality of operations within a company and
the final product.
DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES:
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II. Body - consists of all material necessary for the document to fulfil
its explicit and implicit goals of informing or convincing the reader,
establishing trust, and documenting actions or procedures.
Introduction - describes the content and organization of the
documents.
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JOB SHEET 7.1.5
Criteria Score
Complete and correct
10
inputs
Lacking 1 input 8
No input at all 0
Sample table
Documentation Procedures: Corresponding Information
Front Matter:
1.
2.
3.
Body:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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SELF CHECK 7.1.5
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SELF CHECK 7.1.5
Answer Key
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3. Give the three essential information necessary for Conclusion.
Learning Objective: After reading this informations sheet, you must be able to
identify the various testing methods based on types of
electronic components.
Technical terms:
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Passive testing A software testing technique that observe the
system without interaction.
Active testing Involves interaction with the system.
Dynamic A kind of software testing technique using
testing which the dynamic behavior of the code is
analyzed. For performing dynamic testing the
software should be compiled and executed and
parameters such as memory usage, CPU usage,
response time and overall performance of the
software are analyzed.
In-circuit An example of white box testing where an
testing electrical probe test a populated printed circuit
board (PCB), checking of shorts, opens,
resistance, capacitance, and other basic
quantities which will show whether the
assembly was correctly fabricated.
Electric current A flow of electric charge. This charge is often
carried by moving electrons in a wire.
Conductors A substance in which electrical charge carries,
usually electrons, move easily form atom to
atom with the application of voltage
Electricity Is the presence and flow of electric charge. Its
best known form is the flow of electrons
through conductors such as copper wires. It is
a form of energy that comes in positive and
negative forms, that occur naturally (as
lightning), or is produced (as in a generator).
A. Passive Devices
Passive Device is one that contribute no power gain (amplification) to a
circuit or system. It has no control action and does not require any input
other than a signal to perform its function. In other words, A component
with no brains Examples of passive devices are Resistors, Capacitors and
Inductors.
Resistors
This is the most common
component in electronics. It is
used mainly to control current
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and voltage within the circuit. You
can identify a simple resistor by
its simple cigar shape with a wire
lead coming out of each end. It
uses a system of color coded
bands to identify the value of the
component (measured in Ohms)
B. Active devices
Active Devices are components that are capable of controlling
voltages or currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In other
words, "Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors and
Integrated circuits.
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Diodes Diodes are basically a one-way
valve for electrical current. They
let it flow in one direction (from
positive to negative) and not in the
other direction. Most diodes are
similar in appearance to a resistor
and will have a painted line on
one end showing the direction or
flow (white side is negative). If the
negative side is on the negative
end of the circuit, current will
flow. If the negative is on the
positive side of the circuit no
current will flow.
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A. Automated
Automated testing means using an automation tool to execute your
test case suite.
Automated testing tools are capable of executing tets, reporting
outcomes and comparing results with earlier test runs. Test carries out with
these tools can be run repeatedly, at any time of day. The method or process
being used to implement automation is called a test automation framework.
B. Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and resolving of defects that
prevent correct operation of computer software or a system. It is the process
of locating and fixing or bypassing bugs (errors) in computer program code
or the engineering of a hardware device.
C. Inspection
Inspection is an organized examination or formal evaluation excercise
which involves the measurements, tests and guages applied to certain
characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually
compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether
the item or activity is inline with these targets.
D. Platform testing
Platform testing is a set of specifications defining test methods for
diverse components of computer and electronic system to be marketed as
complete product.
E. Prototyping
Prototyping is the activity of creating prototype of software
applications. Is a draft version of a product that allows you to explore your
ideas and show the intention behind a feature or the overall design concept
to users before investing time money into development.
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Activity Sheet 7.2.1
Direction: Identify the schematic symbol of the given electronic component then
give the possible testing method to be used.
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Answer key
Activity Sheet 7.2.1
Direction: Identify the schematic symbol of the given electronic component then
give the possible testing method to be used.
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
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Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Automated
Debugging
Inspection
Platform testing
Prototyping
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
All correct answer 12
10 11 correct answers 10
8 9 correct answers 8
6 7 correct answers 6
4 5 correct answers 4
2 3 correct answers 2
0 1 correct answers 1
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Test Sheet 7.2.1
Instructions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter that responds to the
correct answer in your paper.
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1. It is a flow of electric charge, this charge is often carried by moving electrons in
a wire
A. Conductors
B. Electric current
C. Electronic circuit
A. Conductors
B. Network
C. Electricity
A. Electronic component
B. Electronic circuit
C. Electric current
A. Electronic device
B. Active device
C. Passive device
5. A device that is used mainly to control current and voltage within the circuit.
A. Resistor
B. Capacitor
C. Inductor
A. Debugging
B. Inspection
C. Automated
7. Components that are capable of controlling voltages or currents and can create
a switching action in the circuit.
A. Electronic device
B. Active device
C. Passive device
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8. It means using an automated tool to execute your test case suite.
A. Automated
B. Platform testing
C. Debugging
A. Transistors
B. Diodes
C. Integrated circuit
A. Platform testing
B. Prototyping
C. inspection
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Answer Key
Test Sheet 7.2.1
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.2.2
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, you must be able to
determine characteristics and appropriateness of testing methods to
be used during development and on completion.
2. Debugging Method
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program that does not know how to fix the problem may learn enough
about the problem to be able to avoid it until it is permanently fixed.
When someone says they've debugged a program or "worked the bugs
out" of a program, they imply that they fixed it so that the bugs no longer
exist. This method reduces the effect of further damaging other
components since it isolates the defective part/component after its
identification.
3. Inspection Method
5. Prototyping Method
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Activity Sheet 7.2.2
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Answer Key
Activity Sheet 7.2.2
Criteria Score
5 correct answers 10
4 correct answers 8
3 correct answers 6
2 correct answers 4
1 correct answer 2
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Job Sheet 7.2.2
Group Activity: Evaluate the following case situations and identify the
appropriate testing method applicable. Be able to describe to the class how
the testing is done.
1. Check the continuity of a transistor.
3. Non-functional RAM.
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Answer Key
Job Sheet 7.2.2
1. Automated
3. Platform testing
4. Inspection
5. Prototyping
Category 4 3 2 1
Contributions Provides useful Usually Sometimes Rarely provides
ideas when provides ideas provides ideas ideas to the
doing group in group in group group. May
work. A real work. A work. A even refuse to
leader who strong satisfactory participate
contributes a lot member who group
of effort. tries hard. member who
does what is
required
Quality of Provides Provides high Provides work Provides work
Work excellent quality quality work that needs to that usually
of work be needs to be
rechecked.. redone by
others
Time Uses time well Uses time Tends to Rarely gets
management and has things well but may procrastinate things done by
completed on have but still deadlines.
time. procrastinate meets
d on an item deadlines
but deadlines
were still met
Attitude Never is publicly Rarely is Occasionally Often is critical
critical of publicly is publicly publicly and
anyones ideas, critical and critical and often has a
opinions or usually has a usually has a negative
work. Always positive positive attitude toward
has a positive attitude. attitude the task
attitude about
the task
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Focus to Continuously Focuses to Focuses to Rarely focuses
task stays focused to the task most the task on the task.
the task. Very of the time. sometime. Lets others do
self-motivated. Can be Others need the work
depended on to encourage,
to complete a and remind
task this person to
stay on task
Learning Objectives:
After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, students must be able to select the best
testing methods in relation to the correct and appropriate testing strategy.
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The main elements of the test strategy lifecycle may include the following:
Analyze the product. One of the first tasks to undertake is to completely review
the proposed product. It will be possible to gain a good idea of the construction of
it, and form a view of the anticipated components and technologies it should be
possible to estimate the anticipated failure rates.
Review available test equipment. While many would like to tailor the test
equipment to the product and buy new test equipment, this is not normally
possible. It is normally necessary to re-use existing test equipment and to design
the product so that it is optimized for the test equipment that already exists. With
a knowledge of the technologies used in the proposed product it will be possible to
assess the existing test equipment to ensure it will be suitable for testing the new
product.
Implement test strategy. It is necessary to implement the test strategy from the
earliest stages of the design of the product. Elements of design for test will need to
be implemented from the concept stages of the product through to the time when
printed circuit boards and ASICs are committed. By ensuring that any design for
test measures are introduced, the testing of the product can be greatly simplified
and the test coverage increased to a level where few failures are missed.
Collect metrics. One key element of any test strategy is to collect metrics. In this
way commonly occurring problems can be seen and rectified. In this way the
production process can be improved and costs reduced. Only by collecting metrics
and analyzing them quickly can process improvements be achieved.
Review and change test strategy and testing. One of the key elements in any
test strategy is to incorporate regular reviews of the product and be prepared to
change even after the product has been in production for some while. This costs
additional money and once a product has completed its development, this is rarely
available and as a result costs may be higher than necessary because the testing
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is not continuing to be optimized. It is normally advisable to make changes to the
test strategy once a product has been in production. It may be possible to omit
some tests which rarely produce results or it may be necessary to introduce others
to reduce fault find time. These improvements to the test strategy can only be
implemented if funding is available.
Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and resolving of defects that
prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.
Inspection
Inspection is an organized examination or formal evaluation excercise
which involves the measurements, tests and guages applied to certain
characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually
compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether
the item or activity is inline with these targets.
Platform testing
Platform testing is a set of specifications defining test methods for
diverse components of computer and electronic system to be marketed as
complete product.
Prototyping
Prototyping is the activity of creating prototype of software
applications. Is a draft version of a product that allows you to explore your
ideas and show the intention behind a feature or the overall design concept
to users before investing time money into development.
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Dynamic Testing
Dynamic Testing is a kind of software testing technique using which the
dynamic behavior of the code is analyzed. For Performing dynamic, testing the
software should be compiled and executed and parameters such as memory
usage, CPU usage, response time and overall performance of the software are
analyzed.
Dynamic testing involves testing the software for the input values and output
values are analyzed. Dynamic testing is the Validation part of Verification and
Validation.
In-Circuit Testing
In-circuit testing is an example of white box testing where an electrical probe
tests a populated printed circuit board (PCB), checking for shorts, opens,
resistance, capacitance, and other basic quantities which will show whether the
assembly was correctly fabricated.
Instruction:
Group students into 5.
Every group is given one manila paper.
Group will select a leader, documenter and a presenter.
Group will be given 20 minutes to complete the task.
Let groups perform a yell before presenting their outputs.
Supply answers in bullet form under characteristics column.
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Passive Testing
Active Testing
Dynamic Testing
In-Circuit Testing
Scoring Rubrics:
Criteria Score
All correct and complete answers 10
TASK SHEET 7.2.3
6 7 correct and complete answers 8
4 5Title:
correct andTESTING
completeMETHODS
answers AND STRATEGY ON ELECTRONIC
6
2 3 correct and complete answers 4
COMPONENTS
1 2 correct and complete answers 2
Performance Objective: Given Information Sheet 7.2.3, you should
be able to consider and select appropriate
methods and strategies in testing electronic
equipment and apply OHS policies and
procedures.
Tools and Equipment :
- Resistors
- Capacitors
- Inductors
- Diodes
- LEDs
- Transistors
- Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Multi-tester
Steps/Procedure:
1. Group yourselves into six members.
Oral Questioning
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Practical Demonstration
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 7.2.3
CRITERIA
Did you. YES NO
1. Identify the correct electronic equipment?
2. Use the tools/equipment properly?
3. Consider the appropriate methods and strategy in
testing electronic equipment?
4. Select the correct method and strategy in testing
electronic equipment?
5. Apply safety precautions in testing the electronic
equipment?
Sources:
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/t_and_m/ate/developing-testing-
automation-strategy.php
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_testing_dictionary/passive_testing.
htm
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Information Sheet 7.2.4
1. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to
the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that
are used by other components in the PC.
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1. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications.
4. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main brain or heart of
a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.
5. Memory
a. ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even
when the power is ON or OFF.
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b. RAM (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only
when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.
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Information Sheet 7.2.5
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify the necessary instrument and tools when assembling and
troubleshooting computer system.
Hardware Tools
For every job there is the right tool. Make sure that you are familiar with the
correct use of each tool and that the correct tool is used for the current task.
Skilled use of tools and software makes the job less difficult and ensures that
tasks are performed properly and safely.
A toolkit should contain all the tools necessary to complete hardware repairs. As
you gain experience, you learn which tools to have available for different types of
jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into four categories:
ESD tools
Hand tools
Cleaning tools
Diagnostic tools
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Figure 2-2.Computer Tools
ESD Tools
There are two ESD tools: the antistatic wrist strap and the antistatic mat. The
antistatic wrist strap protects computer equipment when grounded to a computer
chassis. The antistatic mat protects computer equipment by preventing static
electricity from accumulating on the hardware or on the technician.
Hand Tools
Most tools used in the computer assembly process are small hand tools. They are
available individually or as part of a computer repair toolkit. Toolkits range widely
in size, quality, and price. Some common hand tools and their uses are:
Hex driver: Used to tighten or loosen nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens or loosens screws (sometimes called a nut driver).
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Part retriever: Used to retrieve parts from locations that are too small for
your hand to fit.
Wire stripper: A wire stripper is used to remove the insulation from wire so
that it can be twisted to other wires or crimped to connectors to make a
cable.
Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining and repairing
computers. Using the appropriate cleaning tools helps ensure that computer
components are not damaged during cleaning. Cleaning tools include the
following:
Compressed air: Used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components
Cable ties: Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer
Parts organizer: Used to hold screws, jumpers, fasteners, and other small
parts and prevents them from getting mixed together
Diagnostic Tools
Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment. Diagnostic tools include
the following:
A digital multimeter, as shown in Figure 2-3, is a device that can take many
types of measurements. It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of
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electricity in computer components. A digital multimeter displays the
information on an LCD or LED.
Figure 2-3.Multimeter
A loopback adapter, also called a loopback plug, tests the basic functionality
of computer ports. The adapter is specific to the port that you want to test.
The toner probe, as shown in Figure 2-4, is a two-part tool. The toner part is
connected to a cable at one end using specific adapters, such as an RJ-45,
coaxial, or metal clips. The toner generates a tone that travels the length of
the cable. The probe part traces the cable. When the probe is in near
proximity to the cable to which the toner is attached, the tone can be heard
through a speaker in the probe.
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Figure 2-4.Toner Probe
Although an external hard drive enclosure is not a diagnostic tool, it is often used
when diagnosing and repairing computers. The customer hard drive is placed into
the external enclosure for inspection, diagnosis, and repair using a known-working
computer. Backups can also be recorded to a drive in an external enclosure to
prevent data corruption during a computer repair.
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Task Sheet 7.2.5
Scoring Rubrics
Points Description
10 Students write at least two tools in four categories.
9 Students write at least three tools in three categories.
8 Students write at least two tools in three categories.
7 Students write at least three tools in two categories.
6 Students write at least two tools in two categories.
5 Students write at least one tool in two categories.
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Information Sheet 7.2.5-1
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Check the necessary instrument and tools when assembling and
troubleshooting computer system.
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7. Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete before working
to avoid delay of work.
Steps/Procedure:
1. Visual check.
2. Check tools or equipment for any damage prior to each use.
3. Check the handle and body casing of the tool or equipment for
cracks or other damage.
4. Check cords for defects.
5. Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
6. Check the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty
prongs.
7. Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete
and functional before working to avoid delay of work.
8. If tools or equipment are defective, then tag it.
Assessment Method:
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Portfolio assessment using the performance criteria checklist
Performance Criteria Checklist 7.2.5-1
CRITERIA Yes No
Visual check.
Check tools or equipment for any damage prior to each use.
Check the handle and body casing of the tool or equipment for
cracks or other damage.
Check cords for defects.
Check for damaged switches and ones with faulty trigger locks.
Check the plug for cracks and for missing, loose or faulty prongs.
Make sure that all necessary equipment and tools are complete
and functional before working to avoid delay of work.
If tools or equipment are defective, then tag it.
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Information Sheet 7.2.6
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Establish records system to document testing results, including problems
and faults.
Step 1: Review the records your company wants to store and your current records
collections and storage practices. Form a small committee to work with you in
outlining the materials you plan to organize. Create the categories you need to
encompass all your records.
Step 2: Organize documents into recognizable categories that make sense to your
personnel. The primary criterion for a category is that it not overlap any other
category. If a major category is customers, then each customer, or compatible
group of customers, should serve as a sub-category. Product or vendor records
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must be in different categories. Within each category and sub-category, individual
records can be arranged alphabetically by title, by date initiated or completed,
department or any other method that makes retrieval convenient, consistent and
efficient.
Step 3: Prepare training materials that explain the system to employees. Conduct
a training program to explain the procedures and benefits of record storage and
retrieval. Give special attention to any record handlers, whose job is to collect, file
and distribute records; and unit supervisors, who are likely to receive questions
after the system is in place. Use the development team members to assist you in
monitoring the system for changes that will correct problems or make it easier and
more efficient to use.
Metadata
Metadata Defined ISO15489-1 Information and Documentation - Records
Management, the first international records management standard, defines
metadata as data describing context, content, and structure of records and their
management through time. In the contemporary information management field,
however, metadata must also be defined and understood in terms of the function it
performs, so one appreciates not only what it is, but how it operates.
Metadata is the documentation that accompanies and assists users in the
interpretation of microdata, aggregate data and geographic files. The information
usually includes the definition of variables and description of their classification
schemes, the description of the methodology used in collecting, processing and
analysing the data, and information on the accuracy of the data. Metadata can be
in a form of:
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Indexing involves analyzing the document to determine terms that can be
used to describe the document. Indexing terms are then used as pointers to a
possible solution to a search. The more specific the index term, such as a unique
identification number, the better the chances are of locating and retrieving the
document quickly and easily. For paper-based records, indexing is a manual
process. However, the volume of electronic records demands an automatic process.
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documentation pertaining to a survey (such as the sampling methodology,
population sampled, variable descriptions, position, labels, etc.).
Codebook: A codebook is a generic term often used to describe the user's
guide, record layout and data dictionary or combinations of these
documents. In its earliest usage, the codebook contained the rules for
assigning numeric codes to the responses for questionnaire items. However,
as applied by Statistics Canada recently (in that the data dictionary
normally is assigned a "_cbk" extension), it typically provides variable-
specific metadata - question text, response values, missing value
declarations, variable universe, etc.
Record layout: The record layout provides variable names, column positions
in the data file, and number of decimals. It is often distributed in .xls format
- and hence, can be exported to ASCII and used to create SPSS/SAS/Stata
command files. Similar to the codebook, it can provide variable breakdowns
and the codes for the responses.
Data dictionary: The data dictionary is an excellent source to find general
information about the variables in a survey, the codes for variables, missing
value assignments, and frequency counts. This document has overlapping
properties with the codebook, user's guide and record layout.
Frequency file: The frequency file contains a list of the frequencies for the
responses in the dataset, that is, the number of respondents who responded
to each of the possible answers for a question. Some variables are
continuous and are not included in the frequency file (e.g., the weight
variable). This file may also include weighted and unweighted frequencies.
CV tables: In order to assess the quality of data, many surveys provide the
CV tables, which are the coefficients of variation. These can be simple
tables, but some surveys offer bootstrap weights to calculate these in a
different way. CV tables are also referred to as variability tables.
Include useful elements from other well-maintained schemas, e.g. for geospatial
coordinates include elements from geospatial metadata schemas. This is called
cross walking.
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describing formats, which is better at description of content, etc. and select the
appropriate elements. Check whether the way you want to use any element or sub-
element is consistent both with the source schema and with your purposes. For
example a simple Date element would not comply with the records management
requirement that specific types of dates must be linked to events such as disposal
actions
Link to existing encoding schemes that are well maintained by trusted agencies.
Also look for any existing lists relevant to your country or sector, for example: o
For your country there may be a list of security classifications, e.g. In confidence,
Restricted, Secret, Top Secret etc o For the education sector there might already be
a list of education functions and activities
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Identify what your data means
Provide information regarding the data's intended use and
purpose.
o Graphical CSDGM
This tool provides a very "user friendly" interface to the standard.
o SOFTWARE: CorpsMet95
The US Army Corps of Engineers developed Corpsmet95 as a free, easy
to use, metadata production tool. Corpsmet95 offers an integrated
CSDGM "wizard" like feature that informs users when a value
is required or required if applicable. This feature makes CorpsMet95
appealing to novice and general use metadata creators.
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Enter only what is required
The CSDGM fields may seem daunting at first, but if you enter
only that information which is required, you will save
time. CorpsMet95 identifies only those fields which form
compliant metadata.
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Figure 3: Example of Metadata
Steps/Procedure:
1. Read the following reports
Problems Symptoms Date
Motherboard Defective motherboard due 6/8/2016
Bloated Capacitor to Bloated capacitators
Memory Blue A blue screen with white 7/1/2016
Screen text flashes before
restarting
Operating System When you restart your 6/20/2016
(OS) Error Loading computer after the file-copy
Operating System portion of Windows XP
Setup, you may receive the
following error message:
Error loading operating
system
Power Supply LED The Power Supply LED is 6/15/2106
not available on all the
desktop computer models.
Microsoft Office There is no MS office 6/5/2016
Not Installed installed
Monitor No Signal NO SIGNAL error message 5/26/2016
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2. Create a metadata name of the above reports.
Scoring Rubrics
Points Description
10 Create a metadata name which appropriate to the given reports.
8 Create a metadata name which closely related to the given
reports.
5 Create a metadata name to the given reports.
Self-Check 7.2.6
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Answer Key 7.2.6
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9. CV tables
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Prototyping - an original or first model of something from which the forms
are copied or developed.
Groupings:
The class will be divided into 5 groups and will perform the following testing
methods:
a.) automated
b.) debugging
c.) inspection
d.) platform testing
e.) prototyping
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Scoring Rubric:
Description Score
100% completed 10
75% completed 8
50% completed 5
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Check what appropriate testing method will be used in the given problem or
situation.
TESTING METHOD
AUTOMATED DEBUGGING INSPECTION PLATFOR PROTOTYPIN
SITUATION
M G
TESTING
1 Unplug
power cord
2 virus,
Trojans,
worms
3 Software
application
s
4 Software
installation
5 Motherboar
d tracer
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.3.2
1. Screw drivers is used to install and remove screws in your computer unit.
2. Pliers and tweezers is used for picking small parts in your computer unit.
3. Soldering iron is primarily used for connecting terminals in your power
supply and circuit board with the use of a soldering lead.
4. Anti-static wrist strap, mat and spray are used to eliminate electrostatic
discharge in your work area.
5. Lens cleaner is used for cleaning optical media, such as DVD-ROMs and
CD writers.
6. Thermal paste is a paste used for heat dissipation for your processor.
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Activity Sheets 7.3.2
CRITERIA:
Evaluation:
CRITERIA RATING
1. Sequence of steps in detecting is
20%
followed.
2. Observance of safety
20%
precautions.
3. Appropriate tools are used in
30%
detecting problems.
4. Creating a documentation plan
30%
for troubleshooting.
100%
Sample Checklist
Direction: Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following
items are accomplished in the testing process and NO column if not.
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Procedures YES NO
1. Double check the power connections.
2. Observance of safety precautions.
3. Appropriate tools are used in detecting problems.
4. Creating a documentation plan for troubleshooting.
5. Check the power cords and cable connectors
6. Can able to identify the problem
7. Develop team work during the activity
8. Tools are properly place after using
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Documented Information
CRITERIA:
Evaluation:
CRITERIA RATING
1. Sequence of steps in detecting is
20%
followed.
2. Observance of safety
20%
precautions.
3. Appropriate tools are used in
30%
detecting problems.
4. Creating a documentation plan
30%
for troubleshooting.
100%
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Job Sheets 7.3.3
Sample Checklist
Direction: Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following
items are accomplished in the testing process and NO column if not.
Procedures YES NO
1. Double check the power connections.
2. Observance of safety precautions.
3. Appropriate tools are used in detecting problems.
4. Creating a documentation plan for troubleshooting.
5. Check the power cords and cable connectors
6. Can able to identify the problem
7. Develop team work during the activity
8. Tools are properly place after using
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.3.4
Component Specification
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This focuses on the specification of the component. Check if the voltage rating,
current rating, memory size and frequency matches your computer unit.
Form factor
The components manufacturer should be considered. Check if the unit you are
trying to repair or upgrade is generic or branded units. Branded units have their
own set of components compatible only to their units, while genetic types can be
used only to generic type of units.
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Hard disk drive is a fixed computer storage medium
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PERFORMANCE TASK/ ACTIVITY SHEETS 7.3.4
Hands-on Activity
(OHS Should be followed)
General Safety Tips and Reminders
Observe good housekeeping in the area of the machines during and after
maintenance.
Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place, away from all
personnel, while you are servicing the machine.
Precautions
Disconnect all power before:
Performing a mechanical inspection
Working near power supplies
Removing or installing main units
Before starting work on the machine, unplug the power cord.
Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit. First, check
that it has been powered-off.
Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work
Moist floors
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Non-grounded power extension cables
Power surges.
If an electrical accident occurs:
Use caution
Switch off power
Send another person to get medical aid
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Evaluation Sheet 7.3.4
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4. Compatibility of the component or part
5. Consider the component specification
6. Components form factor
Simple Idea(s)
Evaluate Judge the value or condition of someone or
something in a careful and thoughtful way.
EVALUATION CRITERIA
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1. Observation of OHS were they able to follow the OHS in testing and
resolving the detected problems on the specific electronic component and
followed the 5s.
3. Proper Use of Tools correct tools that are required to finish or accomplish
a certain task.
Scenario: A student is trying to solve a problem in computer where the CPU fan is
not working. The student get the necessary tools and prepared the work
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environment before opening the System Unit using the right tool. Once open, he
then make sure everything is unplugged and safe , put on the anti-static wrist
strap and check what could be the possible reason of the problem. The student
found out that the CPU fan chord is not connected to CPU Fan Power Slot. The
student put-on a hand gloves and inserted CPU fan chord to the CPU Fan Power
Slot. The student turn on the system unit and saw that the CPU fan is now
working.
2. Method being
used in testing
(What is the method being used?)
the component
Scoring Rubric
Content of Table
Complete 10pts
Some 8pts
Few 4pts
Empty 1pt
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TASK SHEET 7.3.5
Scenario: The student is troubleshooting a system unit not booting up. He prepare
the workplace and the tools needed in troubleshooting. Before opening the system
unit, he make sure that the power is unplugged. After opening the case of the
system unit the student used Inspection Method in testing. First the student
check if the power chord of the system unit is not damaged, second the student
make use of a multi-tester in checking if the power chord is still functional and
working. He found out that the power chord is no longer functional. The student
just replace the power chord to a working one, test the new power chord and its
already working. The student was able to boot up his system unit now. After seeing
that its now working, the student clean the tools used and return it to the proper
storage.
Legend:
Yes
No
Just simply put a CHECK MARK to the YES column if the following items are
accomplished in the testing process and put CHECK MARK to the NO column if
not.
1. Followed OHS
a. Seiri/Sort
b. Seiton/Set and order
c. Seiso / sweep or shine
d. Seiketsu/Standardize
e. Shitsuke/Sustain
2. Most Appropriate Method being used
3. Used correct tools
4. Checked if the final product is ready
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.3.6
NAME:
Not
SUB-Learning Outcomes Complied Remarks
Complied
Apply appropriate
testing methods to
electronic component
in accordance to
technical
specifications.
Name of Evaluators:-________________________
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ACTIVITY SHEET 7.3.6
NAME:
Not
SUB-Learning Outcomes Complied Remarks
Complied
Apply appropriate
testing methods to
electronic component
in accordance to
technical
specifications.
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determined criteria
Name of Evaluators:-________________________
Students will be form into 5 groups. Each group will role play the steps in
submitting Evaluation Report.
CRITERIA POINTS
MASTERY OF THE CONTENT 20
MODULATION 10
CLARITY 20
TOTAL 50
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Info Sheet 7.4.1
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diverse components of computer and electronic systems
to be marketed as complete products.
Prototyping - an original or first model of something from
which the forms are copied or developed.
Given the following scenario identify the appropriate testing methods being used.
1. No power supply
2. Replacing CPU
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JOB SHEET 7.4.1
Essay: Based on the given situation what do you think testing methods is
successful based on industry standard. Why?
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SCORING RUBRIC FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS
Level of
General Presentation Reasoning, Argumentation
Achievement
Exemplary (10 pts) Provides a clear and thorough Demonstrates an accurate and
introduction and background complete understanding of the
Addresses the question question
Addresses the question Uses several arguments and
Presents arguments in a backs arguments with examples,
logical order data that support the conclusion
Uses acceptable style and
grammar (no errors)
Quality (8 pts) Combination of above traits, Uses only one argument and
but less consistently example that supports
represented (1-2 errors) conclusion
Same as above but less
thorough, still accurate
Adequate (6 pts) Does not address the question Demonstrates minimal
explicitly, though does so understanding of question, still
tangentially accurate
States a somewhat relevant Uses a small subset of possible
argument ideas for support of the
Presents some arguments in a argument.
logical order
Uses adequate style and
grammar (more than 2 errors)
Needs improvement Does not address the question Does not demonstrate
(4 pts) States no relevant arguments understanding of the question,
Is not clearly or logically inaccurate
organized Does not provide evidence to
Fails to use acceptable style support response to the question
and grammar
No Answer (0 pts)
Total Score:___________
Comments/Feedback:___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
Teacher Signature
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.4.2
Proper evaluation and recording of its testing processes will help you in
tracing the progress and status of the electronic component.
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TASK SHEET 7.4.2
Title: Evaluate testing process and records system based on
standard procedure
Performance Objective:
Given one Learning Outcome of the qualification assigned to
you, you should be able to Evaluate testing process and records system
based on standard procedure
Supplies/Materials : Record Book & Pen
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedure:
4. Identify the process of testing.
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Performance Criteria Checklist
Information Sheet
CRITERIA Yes NO
Know the standard testing procedures of electronic
components.
Prepare record book and a pen.
Categorize the data on testing processes into: Date, Electronic
components name, specification & remarks.
Evaluate every testing process in each electronic components
in accordance of its manufacturers specification.
Record every testing process of each electronic components.
Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if
any.
Keep the record book in a safe location.
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Title: Evaluate testing process and records system based on standard
procedure
Performance Objective:
students should be able to Evaluate testing process and records system
based on standard procedure
Supplies/Materials : Record Book & Pen
Equipment : None
Steps/Procedures :
In reference to the Training Plan, you must identify the following per
task or activity
1. Know the standard testing procedures of electronic components.
Assessment Method:
Observation on Skills Demonstration
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
JOB SHEET 7.4.2
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Identified the standard testing procedures of
electronic components.
Comments/Suggestions:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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INFORMATION SHEET 7.4.3
Documenting test results will validate the usability & functionality of the
electronic components.
5. Classify good condition and defective electronic components through its test
results.
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TASK SHEET 7.4.3
Title: Document test results/finding for subsequent testing.
Performance Objective: students should be able to document test
results/finding for subsequent testing.
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Performance Criteria Checklist
Information Sheet
CRITERIA Yes NO
Prepare record book and a pen.
Categorize the data results into: Date, Electronic components
name, specification, remarks and recommendations.
Record every test results of each electronic components.
Evaluate every test results of each electronic components in
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accordance of its manufacturers specification.
Classify good condition and defective electronic components
through its test results.
Record re-test results of the defective electronic components if
any.
Keep the record book in a safe location.
Assessment Method:
Observation on Skills Demonstration
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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
JOB SHEET 7.4.3
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Prepared record book and a pen.
Comments/Suggestions:
___________________________________________________________________________
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Trainers Signature: ________________________ Date: _____________________
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