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.................................................................. 13
............................................................... 14

1: .............................................................. 15
1.1. ........ 15
1.1.1 .......................................................................................................... 15
1.1.2 ....................................................................... 16
1.1.3 ........................................................................................ 17
1.1.4 .............................................................................................. 19
1.1.5 .....................................20
) ......................................................................... 20
) ........................................................................................... 21
) .................................................................... 22
) ....................................................................... 23
) ............................................................ 24
) .................................................................... 24
1.1.6 .................................................................................. 25
1.1.7 ......................................................................................... 25
) .....................................................................26
) ........................................................ 26
1. .............................................................................. 26
2. ................................................................................ 27
3. ................................................................................. 27
) ............................................... 33
) ...................................... 34
1.2.
................................................................................. 35
 10

1.2.1 ......................................................... 35
1.2.2
.................................................................................................... 37
) ............................................................................ 38
) ............................................. 40
) .................................... 43
) .................................................. 45
) ........................................ 47
1.3.
................................................................................. 48
1.3.1 . 48
............................................................................................. 52
1.3.2 ...52
) ....................................................................................... 52
) ................................................................................. 53
) (peer-modeling) ............................................... 55
) .................. 57
) .......................................................................................... 58
1.4. .................................................................... 59

2 : ............................................................... 62
2.1. ................................................................... 62
2.1.1 ................................................................................................................. 62
2.1.2 ............................................................. 76
2.2. ............... 77
2.3. ...................................................................................... 78
2.4. ............................................................. 79
2.4.1 ............................................................................................... 79
2.4.2 ................................................... 81
2.4.3 .............................................................................................. 82
2.4.4 .....................................................................................................90
2.4.5 .......................................................................................................... 95
2.4.6 ............................................................................................. 98
 11

2.5.
.101
2.5.1 ................................................................................................. 101
2.5.2 .................. 101
2.5.3 ........................................................... 106
2.5.4 ........................................... 106
2.5.5 ....................................................................... 107
2.6. ............................................................108
2.6.1
........................................................................................................ 108
2.6.2
....................................................................................................... 111
2.7. ..........................................................111
2.7.1
DPA................................................................................................. 112
2.7.2 (Social Validity) .......................................................... 112

3: ..................................................117
3.1. ...................................................117
3.2. ................................................132
3.3.
DP A ...............134
3.4.

........................................................137

4: ............................................................138
4.1. ........................................................138
4.2. ........................................................149
4.3. ....................................................................149
4.4. ................................151
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 12

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 14

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 15

1 :
1.1.

1.1.1
, , (Beyer &
Gammeltoft, 2000. , 1997. Rogers & Sawyers, 1988. Wolfberg, 1999).
, ,
. ,
(Bekoff & Byers, 1998. Fagen, 1981. Martin & Caro, 1985),
.

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(Garvey, 1990. Nunes, Muecke, Sanchez, Hoffmeier, &
Lancaster, 2004).
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(Wolfberg, 1999).
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(Boutot,
 16

Guenther, & Crozier, 2005. Wolfberg, 1999). , , ,

, , , ,
(,
1998).
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, (Wolfberg, 1999).

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. ,
:

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(Burghardt, 2011).
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 17

, .
.
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, ,
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.

(.. , ,
;).
,
,
(Beyer &
Gammeltoft, 2000. Garvey, 1990. Raillon, 1993. Rogers & Sawyers, 1995. Wolfberg,
1999).
, , ,
,
, , , , , ,
, , (, 1997.
, 1985. Wolfberg, 1999).

1.1.3
, ,
, ,
(Boutot, Guenther, & Crozier, 2005. , 1997. , 1985.
Wolfberg, 1999).
,
, , ,
.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
, .
 18

, ,
.
Friedrich Schiller Herbert
Spencer, (
), , ,
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,
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douard Claparde Karl Groos,
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, , ,
(
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John Dewey,

, ,
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, ,
,
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Sigmund Freud
.
.
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(ego function)
 19

, .
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,
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Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky

,
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Piaget, Vygotsky ,
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, , :
(Wolfberg, 1999)
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.

1.1.4
(Garvey, 1990)
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 20

(.. , ) / (..
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, , ,
) (Garvey, 1990),
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(ritualism).

, ,
(Garvey, 1990).

, .
,
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1.1.5
, ,
, , (Wolfberg,
1999).

)

,
. , , ,
,
(Bekoff, 1988. Nunes et al., 2004).
,
(Byers, 1998. Byers & Walker, 1995). ,
 21

,
.

)
, ,
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(, 1997).
, ,

.
David Sherratt (2004),
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,
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, (Rogers & Sawyers, 1988).

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,
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(Rogers & Sawyers, 1988).
 22

)
Lewis (2000)

,
.
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, ,

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,

.
(Wolfberg, 1999).
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 23

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( , , ,
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, ,
.
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)

(Wolfberg, 1999). ( )
,
, (Garvey,
1990. Wolfberg, 1999).
,
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, .
Pellegrini (1985)
, ,
,
 24

, ,
(Garvey, 1990. Wolfberg, 1999).
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.
(Garvey, 1990). ,
,

(Pellegrini, 1980).

)

(Wolfberg, 1999). ,
, (Elkind, 1981)
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,
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.
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(Wolfberg, 1999).

)

, ,
(Gardner, 1982).

. Dyson
(1991) , ,
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 25

(Wolfberg, 1999).
, ,
, .
, , ,
, (Gardner, Wolf, & Smith,
1982). ,
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(Wolfberg,
1999).

1.1.6

, ,
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& Sawyers, 1988). ,

.
, ,
,
, , .

(, 1998). ,
(, 1997).

1.1.7
,
, 1.

1
Baron-Cohen, 1987. Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000. Boutot, Guenther, & Crozier, 2005. Garvey, 1990.
, 1997. Leslie, 1987. Lillard, 2001. , 1985. Rogers & Sawyers, 1988. Williams,
Reddy, & Costall, 2001. Wolfberg, 1999.
 26

)
)

1. (exploratory play), :
- (sensorimotor play) ( - 2 )
,
, . -
- ,
Piaget.

.

, .
,
, ,

.
,
, .

(Garvey, 1990).

(organizing play) (6 - 9 )
/
. , ,
, .

.
, .
,
. , ,
. ,

. ,
 27

(Garvey, 1990).

2. (functional play) (9 - 12 )

,
, /
.

.
, .. ,
, ,
, ,
, .. ,
, (Jahr & Eldevik,
2007. Ungerer & Sigman, 1981).

3. ( / representational
play / pretend play) (18 / 24 - 6 )

,

.
,
, .
, ,
, (, 1985).
(, 1997), ,
.
,
, .. .
, ,
.
 28

(, 2002)
, , ..
.


.

(Fenson & Ramsay, 1980. Williams, Reddy, & Costell, 2001):
(decontextualization), ,

,
,
(decentration),
,

,
(integration), ,

.

Leslie (1987) :
: (object
substitution) (.. )
,
(attribution of false properties) (..
, , ) 2.
: ,

2
, , ,
(Libby et al., 1998).
 29

(reference to an absent object) (..

,
,
).
:
(fantasy play) (..
Superman )
, , (..

, )
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000. Lewis & Boucher, 1997. Libby,
Powell, Messer, & Jordan, 1998. Lifter, Sulzer-Azaroff, Cowedery,
Avery, & Anderson, 1993. Piaget, 1962. Sherratt, 2004. Sherratt &
Peter, 2002. Smilansky, 1968. Williams et al., 2001).

,

. ,
, .
3 - 4 , ,
.
, ,

.
(.. ).
, , .
,
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, ,

.
, ,
 30

. ,
,
(Wolfberg, 1999).
Alan Leslie,
,

. ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,
, :


.
,
,
. , Huttenlocher
Higgins (1978) , ,

; , ,
.
Baron-Cohen (1987) , Lowe Costello 3
(1976) Gould (1986),
.
, , -

, (Leslie, 1985. Williams et al.,
2001). , .
, Ungerer Sigman
(1981),
. ,

3
Lowe and Costello (1988),
,
(Lewis &
Boucher, 1997).
 31

,
, 18 24 .
Leslie (1987),

. (,
) , ..
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(-), ,
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4 (Baron-Cohen, 1987. Leslie, 1985).
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Williams (2001)

4
Leslie (1987), (as if) , ..
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(in error), .., ,
,
(pp. 413).
 32

,

. , , (pretense),
, .

, (Beyer & Gammeltoft,
2000):
, 5 ,
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, 8 ,
.

( ).
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(Sherratt, 2004).
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 33

,
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)
Wolfberg (1999),
,
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, . ,
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7 ,
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(Garvey, 1990).


. ,

/
(Wolfberg, 1999).
 34

)
, ,
, (,
1985. Rogers & Sawyers, 1988. Wolfberg, 1999):

1. : ,
.
2. : ,
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. , ..
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 35

. ,
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. 2
, 3 4
(, 1985. Rogers & Sawyers, 1988).
, ,
: 1
, 2 10%, 3 19% 4
42%. 1 , (58%)
(38%). ,
.

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. , ,

. , ,
. ,
(, 1985).

1.2.

1.2.1
,
() ,
, () ,
, (American
Psychiatric Association, 2000. Wolfberg, 1999).
 36

(2002),

(spectrum disorder), ,
(
) (
).
:
( ) (Gena,
1994)
()
( ,
)
( )

,
, ,
.
, David
Ricks (Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000), :




,
.
(, 2002),
CHAT (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers),
Baron-Cohen, Allen Gillberg, 1992, 18
: ()
, () ()
, .
 37

1.2.2

,
, , (Beyer & Gammeltoft,
2000). , ,
, .
Leo Kanner, 1943,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
O
,
(, 1997. Ungerer & Sigman, 1981).
Thorp et al. (1995), ,
,
.
,
.

.
,
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(Wolfberg,
1999). , , , ,

(Luckett, Bundy, & Roberts, 2007).
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(Wolfberg, 1999). ,
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 38

,
(, 1997). , ,
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, (, 2002):





, ,

)
,
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, 5,
,
, . :
, , , , ,
.
: (.. , , ,
...) (.. ,
, ).
,
, , ,
, - (Frith, 1999. Haddon, 2004. , 1997.
Wolfberg, 1999). Nuzzolo-Gomez (2002)

5
, , , .
 39

. , Luckett et al. (2007)
,
, ,
, , ,
. , .
, ,
, ,
(Frith, 1999).
, , ,
, (Wolfberg, 1999)
, (Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).

, .

. Ungerer Sigman (1981)
Baron-Cohen (1987),
(Williams, Reddy, & Costall, 2001). ,
, (.. ),
(.. )
(.. ) (Wolfberg, 1999).
puzzles (, 1997), ,
,
:
puzzle, puzzle6.

6
puzzle. , puzzle
, , , ,
, . , . , ,
, ,
. (Frith, 1999. , 1997).
 40

)
,
( . 27-28),
, ,
,
.

(, 1997).
, ,
.


. , ,
,
. Down,
, -

(, 1997).
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(1997),

,
. ,
,
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,
. ,
Mundy, Sigman, Ungerer Sherman (1987)
 41

().
,
.
Ungerer Sigman (1981),
, , ,
,
. , ,

(, 1997).
, .

( Piaget),
(, 2001).
,
, ,
,
,
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( ), , ,

(- ) (, 1997). ,
.
,
.
,

. ,
2 ,
, , .
(theory of mind) (Beyer & Gammeltoft,
 42

2000. Wolfberg, 1999),

.
Baron-Cohen, Leslie Frith (1985)
.
,
, .

, ,
, , . , ,
, ,
(mind blindness). ,
.
Fein (1991),
,
.

. , ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000). ,
, ,
( . 43-
45), (Gena et al., 2007. Jordan, 2003. Williams,
Reddy, & Costall, 2001. Wolfberg & Schuler, 1993).

.
, , ,
, . ,

(, 2002).
,

(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,
,
 43

(Haddon, 2004).
.
.
, .
/
.
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; ,

(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).

,
Down,
. ,

, ( . 28-29)
(Libby et al., 1998).

)


.
.
, ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000). ,
, - ,

,
.
McHale, Olley, Markus Simeonsson

(, 1997). , , 5-8
 44

, , .
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,
(Wolfberg, 1999). ,


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(, 2001. Wolfberg, 1999). , ,

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(peer culture) (Wolfberg, 1999)
. , 5 ,
.

,
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-
 45

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language)
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
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.

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.

)

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 46

, ,
(.. ),
, ,
(Frith, 1999. Lefvre, 1998. , 1985.
Wolfberg, 1999). , ,
(, 2002b).
, .
(1997):
. , .
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Lefvre (1998),

. ,
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.

,
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, (Wolfberg,
1999). ,
.

, (Lefvre, 1998)
(Wolfberg, 1999). ,
(Frith,
1999).
 47

(Wolfberg, 1999). ,
,
(, , , ).
, , roller
skating .

, , ,
. ,
,
(Frith, 1999).

)
,

,
. , ,
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(Lefvre, 1998).
,
, , , ,
, , (Lefvre, 1998).
,
. ,
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,
(Choi-Schonell, 2000). ,
, ,
, .
 48

1.3.

1.3.1
:
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000);
, (Wolfberg,
1999);

;

;
;

;

;

David Sherratt (2004),

. ,
.
,
(Jarrold et al., 1993)

.

. , , ,

. ,
.
,
,
(Sherratt, 2002) , , ,
(Libby et al., 1998). Stahmer (2005), ,
 49

, ,

.
(Wolfberg, 1999)

( ) .


, .
(Wolfberg, 1999),
, (
) , , ,
(, ),
. ,
, ,

, , , (Charman et al., 1997). , ,
, , ,
,
(Amato, Barrow, & Domingo, 1999. Stahmer, 1995).


,
.
Stahmer (1995)
.
,
(Wolfberg, 1999). , ,
,
.
,
. ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
 50

.

.

:
,
, , ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,
, .
, ,
, , . ,
,
.

(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,

(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000). Brown Murray (2001)
,
(age-appropriate activities),
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,
,
(, 1996). ,
,
.

.

. (.. ,
 51

), ,
,
.
. , ,
(, , ...)
,
(, 1997).
,
,
(, 1985).
(, 2002). ,

, ,
.
.
,
, (Sherratt, 2004).

. ,
, ,
, .

(Play Strategies)
, (Play Strategies) ,
(Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000):

(mirroring)
,

7, (turn taking)

7
,
, . ,
, .
, . , ,
 52

,
,
,
(Luckett et al., 2007).

. ,
, ,
. , , ,
,
, .

, , , ,
.

1.3.2

)
,
, , (Charman et al., 1997) ,
, ,
(Libby et al., 1998. Sheratt, 2002). ,
,
( ) ,
(, ),
(Wolfberg, 1999).

(Beyer & Gammeltoft,

2000).
 53

(Integrated Play Groups Model)

Pamela
Wolfberg (Wolfberg, 1999. Yang, Wolfberg, Wu, & Hwu, 2003),
, , ,

. Lev Vygotsky,

.
Vygotsky
, Barbara
Rogoff , , ,
, ,
, .
,
.
,
( )
,
( ), .

( Walden)
,
,
, ,
,
(Gena, 2006).
, .
, ( Walden).
,
(Ball, 1996. Choi-Schonell, 2000).


 54

8 (Teitzel & Terkelsen, 1997).

, . ,
(Choi-
Schonell, 2000).
, Stahmer (1995),
,
. ,

, , ,
, .
,
, /
(play group guide).
. , ,
. ,
.

, , ,
.
(Wolfberg, 1999)
, ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
, ...,
(,
, , , , ...). ,

8

.
, ,
.
.
, (, 2002).
 55

(
).
.
,
( )
, ,
, ,
, ... (Wolfberg, 1999).

) (peer-modeling)
() / ,
( observational
learni ng). Bandura (1977, 1997)
.
. ,
,
(Bandura, 1977). ,

.
,
Bandura.
, ,

.

(video modeling)
() (video modeling)
, , ,
.
, ,
(Bellini & Akullian, 2007. Boudreau & DEntremont, 2010).
,
, , ,
 56

, . To
,
,
. , ,
. ,

, ,
.
(ASD),
(Bellini & Akullian, 2007. , 2002).

, . ,

video modeling, ,
, (
) (, 2002).
, ,
, (Boudreau & DEntremont, 2010).
,
, (vivo-
modeling) (.., , ,
), ,
, , (Charlop-Christy, Le, &
Freeman, 2000).

,
(Charlop-Christy, 1993, 1994. DAteno, Mangiapanello, & Taylor,
2003). , ,
(Bellini & Akullian, 2007).
, ,


 57

.
(Baron-Cohen, 1987).

Bandura, (peer-modeling)
,
,
, , , ,
, ...).
9,
(Gena, Couloura, & Kymissis, 2005),
, ,
,
, (Ball, 1996.
, 2002).
(peer to peer),
,
(Matson et al., 1996). Coleman Stedman
(1974) ,
.

)
,
.
( ),
. , .
,
,
, , ,
(, 1997).

9
, , ,
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:
(, 2002).
 58

,
.
, ,
( ). ,
,
.
,
(Garfinkle & Schwartz, 2002. Gena et al., 2005).
,
,
. ,
.

,
(Lefvre, 1998).

)
(Social Stories) Carol Gray
1990 (Beyer & Gammeltoft, 2000).
,
(Gray & White, 2003).
,
.

( ) .
, ,
,
, . ,

.
, ,

 59

. , ,
.

1.4.
:

1.
(), -, ,
. :

,

,

( , ,
, ...),
.

2.
, .

3. , ,
,


, . ,
,
/ ,
.
2 :
) ,

) ,
 60

:
,
, ,
,
(in-vivo modeling)
, (video-
modeling)
,
.

4.
( ):





(untrained stimuli probe stories)
/

5. ,
(one-month follow-up).

6. (social validity)
( , ),
,
. , , ,

, , ,
.
 61

,

.
:
(
)










.

, ,

, (, ,
, , , , ...).
 62

2 :
2.1.

2.1.1
4 (2 2 )
, 4:8 7:6 . , (4:8
), (5:1 ), (5:5 ) (7:6 )10.
(
),
.


, :

1. ,
2. ,
3. , ,
4. (
) (, 2002).

, ,
, ,
, (
....),
,
. ,
( C.A.R.S.,
Vineland, Bayley ,
WISC-III, Raven Progressive Matrices
DPA), .

10
,
.
 63

, ,

, , ,
,
. , ,
,
, ,

,
, , , ,
, .

.
,
(....), 2:8 ,
. ,
, , 3 (3 ). ,
2 (3
). .
,

. , Portage (2-3 ),
5 . 2:6

, ...., .
3:11 2 .... ( 9
) 2 (8 ).
...., , ,
,
.
 64

,
, .
2:6 ,
, ,
.... (4 ),
(5 ). 3:3
,
.... ,
, 3 (4 ).


.... 6 ,
9 .
.... 7
(9 ).
.

, :

) C.A.R.S. (Childhood Autism Rating Scale)

,
,
C.A.R.S. (Schopler, Reichler & Renner, 1986),
(
):

4:4
( ): 28 ( )
( ): 35 ( )
 65

( ,
).

5:1
( ): 41 ( )

5:1
( ): 37 ( )
( ): 32 ( )

( ,
, ).

7:1
( ): 30 ( )
( ): 29 ( )
(
, ).

, , ,
.

,
, .

) Vineland (Vineland Adaptive Behavior

Scales)
,
Vineland (Survey Form, Interview
 66

Edition) .
(The Adaptive Behavior Composite standard score)
,
, (. .: 100) (Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti,
1984). ( ):

4:5

: 539
: ( )
1:10
: 5813
: 5914
: 6115
: 5121

Vineland Survey Form ,

53
0,001, 51
61.
... 0,1%,
( ) / Low (mild deficit) 1:10 .
( ) / Low (Mild to oderate
deficit).
11,
SP 25
10 .
SP 20, SP 35, SP 10

11
, Carter et al. (1998) (The
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism) 4
: () 10 , () 10 , ()
10 , () 10 .
 67

30%.
,
(SP
Below verage) (SP Average).

: 629
: ( )
2:4
: 6513
: 6114
: 6115
: 8121

Vineland Survey Form ,

62
0,001, 61 81.
...
1%, ( ) /
Low (mild deficit) 2:4 .
( ) / Low (Mild to oderate deficit).
,
SP 35
10 .
SP 25, SP 35, SP 75
55%.

(SP Below verage),
(SP Average),
(SP Above Average).
 68

5:1

: 439
: ( )
1:6
: 4911
: 5612
: 5013
: 33-
:

Vineland Survey Form ,

43
0,001, 33
56.
... 0,1%,
( ) / Low (moderate deficit) 1:6
. ( ) / Low
(Severe to moderate deficit). ( 1)
(Nonsignificant) (4),
...
,
SP 10
10 .
SP 30, SP 5, SP 2
15%.
,
(SP Below
verage), (SP Average).
 69

: 61
: ( )
2:8
: 6911
: 7012
: 6013
: - ( )
: - ( )

Vineland Survey Form ,

61
0,001, 60 70.
...
0,5%, ( ) /
Low (mild deficit) 2:8 .
( ) / Low (Mild to Moderate deficit).
,
SP 55
10 .
SP 60, SP 45
60%. (,
)
(SP Average).

5:2

: 479
: ( )
1:11
: 5011
 70

: 5812
: 5913
: 38-
:

Vineland Survey Form ,

47
0,001, 38
59.
... 0,1%,
( ) / Low (moderate deficit) 1:11
. ( ) / Low
(Severe - oderate deficit).
,
SP 15
10 .
SP 40, SP 45, SP 5
35%.

(SP Below verage),
(SP Average).

: 549
: ( )
2:5
: 5411
: 5912
: 5713
: 68-
:
 71

Vineland Survey Form ,

54
0,001, 54 68.
...
0,1%, (
) / Low (mild deficit) 2:5 .
( ) / Low (Mild to Moderate deficit).
,
SP 25
10 .
SP 45, SP 35, SP 75
60%.

(SP Below verage),
(SP Average),
(SP Above Average).

7:1

: 4211
: ( )
1:11
: 3615
: 5114
: 4816
:

Vineland Survey Form ,

42
0,001, 36
51.
 72

... 0,1%,
( ) / Low (moderate deficit) 1:11
. ( ) / Low
(Severe to mild deficit).
( 1)
(Intermediate) (8), ...
,
SP 5
10 .
SP 65, SP 10
30%.

(SP Below verage), (SP
Average).

Vineland, 4
(
,
, ).

) Bayley (Bayley Scales of Infant Development)

, Bayley (Bayley Scales of
Infant Development, 2nd Edition), , ,
. ,

. ,
Bayley,
(1-42 0-3:6 ),
, ,
 73

,
12.
,
, .
T ( ):

( 4:4)
86 / 37-39 (3:1 3:3 )

( 4:9)
80 / 36 (3 )

( 5:1)
98 / 40-42 (3:4 3:6 )

( 7:2)
106 / 42+ (>3:6 )
.

) WISC-III
,
, WISC-III.
( ):

7:1
: 43
: 46

12
, BSID-II ,
.
(Bayley, 1993).
 74

: 55
: 9

,
, . ,
.
(), ,
.

) Raven Progressive Matrices (Standard)

, , ,
, Standard Raven Progressive Matrices
( ), .
( ):

: 7:1
: 10
: 5%
: (intellectually impaired)

RAVEN,
,
.
, (),
,
.

) DPA (The Developmental Play

Assessment Instrument DPA)
, ,
Developmental Play Assessment Instrument DPA ( ).
, DPA
 75

.
2 ,
. ,
, 1, (. 133-136),
.

1
:

1:

C.A.R.S. VINELAND WISC DPA

BAYLEY RAVEN
/ / -III

53 62 4*** 4
4:4 28 35 86 - - 3 0
(1:10)** (2:4)
2 5
43 61 7 4
4:9 41 -* 80 - - 1 2
(1:6) (2:8)
1 3
47 54 5 5
5:1 37 32 98 - - 3 2
(1:11) (2:5)
1 2
42 8 2
7:1 30 29 -* 106 43 10 0 2
(1:11)
1 5

* , ,
**
*** : Absence ( / )
: Emergence ( / )
: Mastery ( / )

4
:
 76

4 .
, , ,
, ( 4 7 ), (
),
( ),
, , , ,
.
,

( ) , (
),
.
-
, ,
.
, ,
/ .
- ,
,
.
, , -
,
.

2.1.2

....,
. , M.Sc.
. ,
, (
), , , , 24-30
.
 77

, , ,
2 :
/ ....,
, , , MSc


( ,
, )
, .

2.2.
( ,
, ,
, , , ,
) ,
(....) ( . 62),
2006 ( )
2007 ( ),
,
.
: , (,
, , ,
) , ,
,
.
, ,
, .
,
. ,
,
, .
,
 78

(.. ), ,
.
,
.
( , ,
, , , ,
,
)
. 1-3
, , ,
. , ,
(zoom) , ,
, .
,
/ ,
. ,
, , ,
,
.

2.3.
, :

/ .
-
, ,
Playmobil, Barbie, .. (
, ).
,
, ,
( . 91-95). , .
, / ,
 79

(.. ,
).
,
5-6 , ..,
,
, ,
( . 98). ,
,
,
, , 13.

:
(
)
PHILIPS
PHILIPS VR6448
SONY Video 8 Handycam (CCD-TR380E).

2.4.

2.4.1
,
, ,
.
, , ( ,
, , ),
, ,
,
.

13
, , ,
, ..
.
 80

(, , ), ,
.
,
....,
, 1-2 ,
....
,
20, 30,
.
. ,
, ,
.

,
.
4 ( . 82-83)
, ( ,
/ , , )

, _______ ( ),
_______ ( , .. ). ,
, .. /
, ,
. , ,
, , ..
.
, .
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
,
. , (probes),
 81

, .. ,
/ /

.
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.
, / ,
, , ,
, , / ,
5 .
,
, , ,
. ,
,
( . 95-96). ,
,

, (
). ,
, ,
( . 94-95).

2.4.2

(normative data)
,
. ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. ,
 82

.

,
, .. ,
, , ( : , , ,
, Lucky Luke, cow-boy, Spiderman, Batman), ,
, , , ...
,
Carol Gray (2002, 2003).

2.4.3
, ,
, ,
. , :
,
,
( , ).
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
,
.
, ,

. ,
(, , , ),
,
(, ),
(, ) . ,
, ,
,
 83

, ,
,
(,
) .
,
(, , , )
, , .
,
,
, , ,
. , ,
, Playmobil
,

, , , . , ,
(.. ) ,
.

,
,
( , . 28-29):
- (role play), .. ,
( )
(object substitution)

(attribution of false properties)
(reference to an absent object)


/
 84

(fantasy play)14,
, .

,
, :
6 - (, ,
, , ) (
, ). , ,
.
,
,
. , ,


. , ,
,
, ,
.

5 (, , ,
). ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ;, ,
, . ,
, ,
, ,

14
(imaginative game) Qurat
(1905), Piaget (1962) Smilansky (1968) Lifter et al. (1993)
DPA. ,
(animations of toys), (creation of imaginary
toys), (transformation of people) (dramatization of tales).
 85

!. ,
4

.

, ,
( ,
. 28-29) , , ,
,
. , , , / ,
/ ,
. ,
, .

:
1. ,
( . 78-79 ),
. :
,
,
, .

.
, ..
, , -
.

2. ,
, ,
.
, , , .
:
 86

, ,
(probe items), ,
, , ...
, , , () ,

, ,
. , ,

.

3. ,

,
, ,
,
, ,
( ) (Gena, Papadopoulou,
Loukrezi, & Galanis, 2007. , 2005. , , & , 2010.
, 2005). , , ,
, .

4. , , ,
( . 78), ,
, . :
Playmobil, ,
.
Playmobil (, , ,
) ( ).
Playmobil .
.
(, , ,
) (, , , ).
 87

, ( ) (
).
Ken Barbie ( )
.
Playmobil (, / ,
/ ).
5. ,
, ,
/ , ( ,
).
6. ,
(.. ,
/
/ , , , /
, /
), (..


). ,
.

.

(Single-Case Research Design)
(non-concurrent multiple baseline design across participants /
subjects). ,
, ,
(Kazdin, 1982).
, ,
.
,
 88

,
.
, .
, ,
ABAB 15
.
, 4 16.
, , , ,
.
,
, . ,
, ,
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.


.
,
(Kazdin, 1982) , ,
.

, 40-44 :

15
(Kazdin, 1982), ()
() , ,
, , () ,
, .
, ,
.
16
2, ,
, , ,
(Kazdin, 1982).
 89

2:

8 8 14 8 2 40

10 8 12 8 2 40

12 8 12 8 2 42

14 8 12 8 2 44

2,
,
,
.
, 8 , ,
, 10 , , 12
, 14 .
, ,
, , /
17 ( 1-6 . 119-
120 122-125).

(Alberto & Troutman,

1990):
(data point) 50%
(variability of the data points)
( )
(trends in the data points),
.

17
/
(Single-Case research / Single-Case Experimental Designs).
,
, (Kazdin, 1982. Shaughnessy, Zechmeister E., & Zechmeister J.,
2003).
 90

, ,
. , ,
. ,
, .

2.4.4

,
. ,
( ).
Kazdin (1982),
:
,
, ,
(Alberto & Troutman, 1990).

( ),
(Kazdin, 1982).

, ,
(. 62-76),
,
, .

)


, ,
/ .
(sessions),
8 , 2 4
( 3 / training stories 1
 91

/ probe story). 1 2
. , ,
, ,
,
,
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:

:
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:
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:

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:

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(, , , ,
). -, ,
 92

,
( , . 94-95)
, (
. 94). , ,
.

,
,
3:

3: (%)

1 2

10 19,7

19 16

4:

4:

(%)
1. 6
2. - 11
3. ( ) 19
4. 13
 93

5. 6,1
6. ( ) 16
7. 20,5
8. 32,5

,
,
5:

5: (%)

1 2

5 3

6 1

6:

6:

(%)
1. 2
2. 11
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4. 0
5. 8
6. 2
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8. 1
 94

)
,
/
,
. , (
), ,
. ,
, (. 91-92), ,

. ,
, , ,
( . 91-92).

8 8
, , 2
4 (3 1 ),
. ,
. ,
,
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.
,
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. 2 ,
8 .

8 :
 95

7:

( )

( )

2.4.5

12-14 (teaching sessions), 8

, , .
, , , 6
, , :

) (video-modeling)

,
,
,
(video-modeling).
,
.
 96

, ,

, (peer culture),
, , ,
(, 2005).

, 2 ,

, .. , , /

,
. , 2 . 2
,

1 6 2 .
2
,
,
, , ,
. , ,
18.

)

, , , ,

, (. 95-96),
( ,
)
( ).

18
Baron-Cohen, ,
.
 97

,
, . ,
,
, (prompting)
(Gena, 1994) , ,
. , - ,
,
, ,

(in-vivo modeling) ,
(video-modeling) .
3 ,
. ,
, ,
,
, , .

, ,
. ,
,
( . 80).
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, , , , ...)
.
,
,
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, / ,
 98

/ , , ,
, .

2.4.6


(Young, Krantz, McClannahan, & Poulson, 1994).

. ,


:
() ( ) (Gena, 1994)
() , ,
,
, (
)
() (follow-up),
( )
() (, , , ...)
5-6 , ..
, ,
, ,
( . 79)
() ,

() 2 ,
( . 96)
() 2
, ()

() , ,
,
 99

,


() ( -
), . , ,
, ,
.

) (Probe stories)
, 3 (training stories),
,
(probe story),
. ,
(
).
3:1 :
.
3 ,
, . ,
, ,
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)
8
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....,
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4 , .

. ,

.
 100

, , ,
,
,
,
.
(
) ( ).
,
,
, ,

( , , , ).

.

) (Follow-up / post-test)
(4 ) ,
2 :
2 8
, .

. , ,

.
DPA,
,

.
 101

2.5.

2.5.1
, :
: . 28-29,
:
:
( ) .

, :
)
)
(discriminant stimulus) / ,
, -

) , (
, )

) ( )
( . 97-98), (
, ).

, ,
( ).

2.5.2
, ,
, .

. (secondary) , ,

50% .
(data collection sheet) (
 102

), ,
,
. ,
,
, , ,
,
.
, ( ),
,
,
, .
,
,
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1 , / 0
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, 10 1-4
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.
. , 1
10 ,
 103

1 . ,
2 , = 0,5 , 4
, =0,25 . , ,

; , , 1 3
. , , , ! , 2
, , -
, , !
3 ,
1.
10 .
10 ,
10 .
, .
:
) , .. / /
/ , 0,10 / 1
) ,
, .. ; ;
, 0,25 / 1
) , ,
, ..
, 0,10 / 1
)
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) ,
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, , 0,50 / 1
)
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, , 0,50 / 1.
 104

(-),
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.
.
,
,
, , . ,
,
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; !
,
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,
.
, ( ):

( . 106)
(inter-observer agreement)
, ,
%.

- ,
, ,
(, , ,
, . 84-85) ( ,
).
,
 105

, . ,
1 , 2
, 0,5 :

1. -
, ,
, . ,
, -; !
! !, ...

, ...
(0,5 )

2. -
, . ,
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; /
- (
, , ,
). ,
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.
(0,5 )

,
10
,
. , , , ,


 106

,
.

10, ,
. , 4,5 10
9, 5/10.

2.5.3

(treatment fidelity), :
() (+)
(-),
() (+)
(-),
() (+) (
) (-), .

2.5.4
(mastery),
,
90%,
,
, , , 33% (
, , ,
). ,
9% ( , ,
),
,
60%, ,
. ,
, 50%.
 107

2.5.5
,
(raw data) . ,
10 (
). 100
,
.
(4 : 3 1
) 2 (data points),

. , ,
,
. , X (),
Y (
),
.
, , (9-14 , )
9-14 ,
, 9-14 .
( 8 ), 4
(
), 4
(2 2
), 4
4 (2
2 ).
(12-14 , ) 12-14
,
, 12-14 ,
.
( 8 ), 4
(2
2 ), 4
 108

(2 2 ), 4
4
(2
2 ).
(2 ) 2
,
2 ,

.

2.6.
,
,
, .

2.6.1

,
, 50-100% 19,

.
(point-by-point agreement)
:
, (
),
( ) 100,
% (Kazdin, 1982).
, 10 (
). 10,
, .

19
(.. ), 100%
(.. ), 50%.
 109

,
98,17 99,69%, ,
20 (Kazdin, 1982).

,
,
,
( )
.
100, %
(Kazdin, 1982).

8

:

8: (%)

(%)

/ /

98,33 96,25 98,81 99,26 98,33 98,99

95,73 100 97,19 99,28 98,33 99

99,67 98,5 98,96 96,84 96,98 96,88

97,14 100 98,33 97,5 100 98,19

100 - 100 100 100 100

20
>80%,
>70%
 110

98,17 98,69 98,66 98,58 98,73 98,61

, , ,
98,33%,
96,25%, 95,73%
100% , 99,67%
98,5% ,
97,14% 100% , ,
100% .
, ,
99,26%, 98,33%,
99,28% 98,33%
, 96,84%
96,98% , 97,5%
100% , ,
100% .

9

:

9: (%)

(%)

/ /

97,22 98,93 98,07 98,94 98,75 98,89

98,76 98,82 98,79 100 100 100

99,23 98,21 98,72 100 100 100

 111

97,35 98,78 98,06 98,81 100 99,11

99,22 100 99,61 - - -

98,36 98,95 98,65 99,44 99,69 99,5

, , ,
97,22%,
98,93%, 98,76%
98,82% , 99,23%
98,21% ,
97,35% 98,78% , ,
99,22% 100%
.
, , ,
98,94%, 98,75%,
, 100%
, , 98,81%
100% .

2.6.2

,
( . 101-102).
93-100%
.

2.7.
, :
()
( ),
()

 112

,
() ,
( )
, , .

2.7.1
DPA (The Developmental Play Assessment Instrument DPA)
( )
( )
,
DPA ( . 74-75),
6 10 ( 1, . 76, , . 135-138
).

2.7.2 (Social Validity)

,
.
, ,
:

)
, , ,
, , ,
,
(.. , ,
), , ,
, , .., , , ,
. , ,
, , ... ,
puzzles.
, ,
.
 113

, .. , .
, ,
, .
, , .
. ,
.
. , ,
.

,
.

, , .
(.. ,
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)
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, ,
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!. , ,
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,
.
. , ..
,
. ,
, ,
 114

21. . ,
, , ,
.
.
, , ,
.
, ..

. , ,
.
. . ,
, , . ,
, ,
.

. , (.. ),
, ,
,
. , Playmobil. , ,
() , .. 22.

)
, , : ,
, , ,
, , . .
, , .
,
.

21
,
DPA,
.
22
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 164

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