Seat No.: _____ Enrolment No.

______

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.E. Sem-II [All Branch] examination June 2009

Subject code: 110009

Subject Name: Maths - II
Date: 17/06/2009 Time: 10:30am-1:30pm
Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 ATTEMPT THE FOLLOWING:

(a) Define rank of the matrix. Find the rank of the matrix 03
 1 2 4 0
A =  −3 1 5 2 
 −2 3 9 2 
(b) Let R3 have the Euclidean inner product. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to 04
transform the basis vectors u1 = (1, 1, 1) , u2 = (−1, 1, 0) and u3 = (1, 2, 1) into an
orthonormal basis {v1 , v2 , v3 } .
(c) Find the eigenvalues and bases for the eigenspaces of A25 and A+2I, where 03
3 0 
A=  
8 −1
(d) i. Show that the functions f ( x) = x and g ( x) = sin x form a linearly 01
independent set of vectors in C1 ( −∞, ∞ ) .
cos θ − sin θ  01
ii. Show that if 0 < θ < π , then A =   has no real
 sin θ cos θ 
eigenvalues and consequently no eigenvectors.
iii. Define singular matrix. Find the inverse of the matrix A if it is 02
invertible
1 0 1
A =  −1 1 −1
 0 1 0 
Q.2
(a) Determine the dimension and basis for the solution space of the 03
system 3 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0, 5 x1 − x2 + x3 − x4 = 0
(b) Justify your answer. Why the following sets are not vector space under the 02
given operations?
i. The set of all pairs of real numbers ( x, y ) with the operation
( x1 , y1 ) + ( x2 , y2 ) = ( x1 + x2 , y1 + y2 ) and α ( x, y ) = (2α x, 2α y ) .
ii. In R3, the operations defined as under
( x1 , y1 , z1 ) + ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) = ( z1 + z2 , y1 + y2 , x1 + x2 )
(c) Let λ be an eigenvalue of a matrix A. 02
Then prove that (i) λ + k is an eigenvalue of A + kI (ii) k λ is an eigenvalue
of kA .

1
 (d) i. Solve the following system by Gauss-Elimination method 04
2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 0, − 2 x + 5 y + 2 z = 1, 8 x + y + 4 z = −1
ii. By using Gauss-Jordan elimination, Find the inverse of the given 03
matrix
 1 1 -2 
 5 5 5 
 
1 1 1
A =  
 5 5 10 
 
 1 -4 1 
 5 5 10 

OR
(d) I For which values of K and λ the following system have (i) no solution 04
(ii)unique solution (iii) an infinite no. of solutions
x + y + z = 6, x + 2 y + 3 z = 10, x + 2 y + Kz = λ
1 4 5 4
II 2 9 8 2
Find basis for the row and column spaces of A =  .
2 9 9 7
 
 −1 −4 −5 −4 
Q.3
(a) Prove that ( M n ( R),+,•) is a vector space over R . 05
(b) Determine whether the following spans the vector space R3 ; 03
(i) v1 = ( 2, −1,3) , v2 = ( 4,1, 2 ) and v3 = ( 8, −1,8 ) ,
(ii) v1 = (2, 2, 2), v2 = (0, 0, 3) and v3 = (0,1,1) .
(c) Let M 22 have the inner product A, B = tr ( AT B). Find the cosine of the angle 02
2 6  3 2 
between A and B, where A =   ,B =  
 1 −3  1 0 
(d) Show that v = {( x, y ) / x = 3 y} is a subspace of R2. State all possible subspaces 02
of R2.
(e)  2 0 −1 02
Find the rank and nullity of the matrix A =  4 0 −2
 
0 0 0 
OR
Q.3 (a) Let V = {( x, y ) / x, y ∈ R, y > 0} .Let ( a, b ) , ( c, d ) ∈V and α ∈ R. Define 05
( a, b ) + ( c, d ) = ( a + c, b ⋅ d ) and α ⋅ ( a, b ) = (α a, bα ) .
(b) Define basis of a vector space. Let v1 = (1, 0, 0 ) , v2 = ( 2, 2, 0 ) and v3 = ( 3,3,3) . 03
Show that the set S = {v1 , v2 , v3 } is a basis for R3 .
(c) Define inner product space. Let u = u1 , u2 , v = v1 , v2 ∈ R 2 . Define 05
u, v = 4u1v1 + u2 v1 + 4u1v2 + 4u2 v2 . Prove that ( R 2 , ⋅ , ⋅ ) is an inner product
space.
(d) Let V be a vector space. For a nonempty set A , prove that A ⊂ span( A). 01
Q.4 (a) Check whether the following transformations are linear or not? 02
(i) T : V → R, where V is an inner product space, and T (u ) = u .
(ii) T : M mn → M nm , where T ( A) = AT .

2
 (b)   x    x − 2 x2  03
Let T : R 2 → R 2 , defined by T   1   =  1  and let B = {e1, e2}and
  x2    − x2 
  2  −3 
B ' =    ,    . Then using [T ]B' = P −1[T ]B P, find [T ]B' , where P is the
 1   4  
transition matrix from B ' to B.
(c) Consider the basis S = {v1 , v2 } of R2 , where v1 = ( −2,1) and v2 = (1,3) and 03
let T : R2 → R3 be the linear transformation such that T (v1 ) = (−1, 2, 0) and
T (v2 ) = (0, −3, 5) . Find a formula for T ( x1 , x2 ) , and use that to find T (2, − 3) .
(d) Define kernel of T. Let T : R 3 → P1 be a linear transformation defined 02
by T (a1 , a2 , a3 ) = ( − a1 + 2a2 + a3 ) + ( − a2 + a3 ) x . Find which of the following
vectors are in ker (T ) ; (i ) u = ( 6, 2, 2 ) , (ii ) u = ( 2, −1,1) and (iii ) u = ( 0, 0, 0 ) .
(e) If u and v are orthogonal unit vectors, then what is the distance between u and v? 02
Justify your answer.
(f) Define: Algebraic multiplicity of an eigenvalue. Determine the algebraic and 02
0 1 1 
geometric multiplicity of A = 1 0 1  if the eigenvalues of A are λ = 2, −1, −1
1 1 0 
1
and corresponding eigenvectors for λ = 2 is 1
1
 −1 1
and for λ = −1 are  1  and  1  .
 
 0   −2 
OR
Q.4 (a) State Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Verify Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for the 02
vectors u = ( −3,1, 0 ) , v = ( 2, −1,3) .
(b) 1 1 01
Prove that < u , v, >= || u + v || 2 − || u − v || 2
4 4
(c) Let T : R → R be the linear transformation given by the formula
4 3
05
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (4 x1 + x2 − 2 x3 − 3 x4 , 2 x1 + x2 + x3 − 4 x4 , 6 x1 − 9 x3 + 9 x4 ) . Find
a basis and dimension of ker(T ), rank (T ) and verify the dimension theorem.
(d) Find the projection of u = (1, −2,3) along v = (1, 2,1) in R3 . 01
(e) Let S , T : R 2 → R 2 be the linear transformations given by the formulas 05
T ( x, y ) = ( x + y, x − y ) and S ( x, y ) = (2 x + y, x − 2 y ). (i) Show that S and T are
one to one, (ii) Find formula for T −1 ( x, y ) , S −1 ( x, y ) and ( S o T ) ( x, y ),
−1

(iii) Verify that ( S o T ) = T −1 o S −1.

−1

Q.5 (a)  −1 4 −2  06
Find a matrix P that diagonalizes A =  −3 4 0  , and determine P-1AP.
 −3 1 3 

3
 (b) 2 1 1  04
By using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, if A=  0 1 0  , then prove that
1 1 2 
8 5 5 
A − 5 A + 7 A − 3 A + A − 5 A + 8 A − 2 A + I = 0 3 0 
8 7 6 5 4 3 2

5 5 8 
(c) Find a change of variables that reduces the quadratic form 2 x12 + 2 x22 − 2 x1 x2 to 04
a sum of squares and express the quadratic form in terms of the new variables.
OR
Q.5 (a)  2 −1 −1 06
Find an orthogonal matrix P that diagonalizes A =  −1 2 −1 .
 −1 −1 2 
(b) Find the least squares solution of the linear system Ax = b given by 04
x1 + x2 = 7, − x1 + x2 = 0, − x1 + 2 x2 = −7 and find the orthogonal projection of b
on the column space of A.
(c) Describe the conic whose equation is 5 x 2 − 4 xy + 8 y 2 − 36 = 0 . 04

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