Resistance of material

Circle of Mohr
The Circle of Mohr is a technique used in engineering and geophysics to
graph a symmetric tensor (2x2 or 3x3) and calculate with it moments of
inertia, strains and stresses, adapting them to the characteristics of a circle
(radius, center , etc). calculating the absolute maximum shear stress and the
absolute maximum deformation is possible.

This method was developed around 1882 by the German civil engineer
Christian Otto Mohr (1835-1918)
- Circumference efforts Mohr.
Case 2-D
In two dimensions, Mohr circumference to determine the maximum and
minimum voltage, from two measurements of normal and shear stress on two
angles that are 90:

NOTE: The vertical axis is inverted, so efforts positive and negative going
down efforts are located at the top.
Using rectangular axes where the horizontal axis represents the normal voltage
\ left (\ sigma \ right) and the vertical axis represents the shear or tangential
stress \ left (\ tau \ right) for each of the above levels. Circumference values
are represented as follows:

Mohr circle center:

Radius circumference Mohr:

The maximum and minimum tensions are given in terms of these quantities
simply by:

These values can also be obtained by calculating the eigenvalues of the stress
tensor in this case is given by:

- Case 3-D
If the stress state of a point P of a three-dimensional solid is more complicated
since mathematically represented by a 3x3 matrix for which there are three
eigenvalues, not necessarily different.

In the general case, the normal stress () and tangential () measured on any
plane passing through the point P, represented in the diagram (, ) always fall
within a region bounded by 3 circles. This is more complex than the two-
dimensional case, where the stress state always fell on a single circumference.
Each of the three circumferences bounding region of possible pairs (, ) are
known Mohr circumference.
- Mohr circle for moments of inertia
For flat solid and quasi-flat, can be applied the same technique circumference
Mohr which was used for voltages in two dimensions. It is often necessary to
calculate the moment of inertia about an axis that is tilted, the circumference
of Mohr can be used to obtain this value. It is also possible to obtain the
principal moments of inertia. In this case the calculation formulas of medium
inertia moment and the radius of the circle of Mohr for moments of inertia are
analogous to the calculation of forces:

Circle center:

Radius of the circle:

EXAMPLE:

One element of effort has you want to find:

- The efforts and the main directions, and indicate the item correct
orientation (with respect to the xy system).
- Draw another element showing determine the corresponding
normal stresses.

Graphically you can get the results

- Using Eqs.
The effort is a 45 from normal ie 45 - 25.7 = 19.3