Parameters Affecting TBM

Performance and Methods of Their

Determination

Suitability of and Condition of Machine

Type of Machine
Cutting Tools
BUS
Muck Handling
Operation and Maintenance
Operating Staff
Power Supply
Handling of Water
Ventilation
Maintenance Facilities
Supply of Materials
Geological Factors
Drillability of Rock
Abrasion of Cutters and Head
Problems with Blocky Material
Stability of Face
Support Requirements
Problems with Water
Support of Grippers
 TBM
Principles and Case Histories
Mohale tunnel
Cut in basalt with
traces of cutters
Type and Scope of Tests and
Classifications

Mechanical Properties
Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Point Load Index
Schmidt Hammer
Punch Test
Brittleness (S20)
Petrographic Analysis
Grain Size
Proportion of Hard Components
Texture (Interlocking)
Schimazek Fr Index

Abrasion Tests
Cerchar, Taber, Goodrich, Sievers,
AVS

Penetration Tests
Linear Cutter Test

Rockmass Parameters
Spacing of Discontinuities
Characteristics of Discontinuities
Orientation of Discontinuities
Penetration rate
and
Total Hardness
DRI related to rock type and
Compressive Strength
DRI related to Point Load Strength
DRI in function of rock type
Cerchar Abrasion Test

NTU Abrasion Test

 SJ Test

Brittleness Test
Determination of DRI from
Brittleness and SJ
Cutter Life in Function of Compressive Strength and Quartz Content

Different Textures of Quartz-bearing Rocks

 Linear Cutter Test
10
TBM Penetration Rates
9

8 Gneiss
Gneiss
7 Mafic Rocks
Granites

6
mm/rev

0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
tons/cutter

Penetration Rates for Different Rock Types

 Penetration Rate in Function of Orientation of Foiation
TBM Pe ne tr ation Rate s in Function of Q and UCS

300

250

200
Unconfined Strength [UCS]

150

100

50

0
1 10 100 1000
Q Rating

2,5 m/h 3 m/h 3,5 m/h

4 m/h Logarithmisch (2,5 m/h) Logarithmisch (3 m/h)
Logarithmisch (3,5 m/h) Logarithmisch (4 m/h)

Penetration Rate Referred to Q-Rating

Production rate in function of
degree of jointing
Cutter Life Index
for different rock types
TBM type and support
Demag Test Prototype
(1965)
Early Tentative TBM Design (DEMAG)
DEMAG Test Site
 Pilot Tunnels
for
Geist Road Tunnel
Luxemburg
Geist Tunnel in Sandstone under Luxemburg City
Geist Tunnel Luxemburg, Front-Loading Cutterhead
Geist Tunnel, Luxemburg
Calaveras Project - California

Rock: Metamorphics and Granodiorite

Strength 70 - 140 MPa

Headrace Tunnel
Robbins TBM, 5.5 m diameter
40 Cutters, 4 - 8 changed daily
Average Advance 688 m/month
(15 m/d in Quartzite)
Utilization about 50%

Raise
Full 4.5 m Section failed
2 m Pilot Advance 3 - 9 m/d

Pressure Tunnel
Jarva TBM, 4.3 m diameter
Advance 24 - 30 m/d

Only 15% of the headrace tunnel have been

lined.
 Calaveras Power Tunnel

Drillcore Shoofly Complex Schist

Drillcore from Sa. Nevada Batholith Granodiorite
Calaveras Power Tunnel, Segment of Front-Loading Cutter Head
Calaveras Tunnel, Drill-and-Blast and TBM Sections
 Gneiss

Calaveras Tunnel - Mixed Face Conditions

Granodiorite with Mafic Dike, Drilled with Button Bits

Calaveras Tunnel - Finger Shield on Robbins TBM
Calaveras Tunnel - Popping Rock in Granodiorite

Calaveras Tunnel - Shearing and Slabbing

Calaveras Tunnel - Overbreak and Support
Calaveras Tunnel - Overbreak and Support
Timken bearing of cutter
Calaveras Tunnel - Cutter Store (16)

Calaveras Tunnel - Worn Cutters

Calaveras Tunnel - Worn Cutters and Bearings
Raise Boring
Equipment for directional drilling
 Raise Borer /Schematic)

6 ft Raise Borer Used on Calaveras Shafts

Calaveras - Raise Borer at Surge Tank/Pressure Shaft
 Drill Stem Sorage

Broken Drill Stem

Upper Tamakoshi
Rig for
Pilot Hole
 Mohale TBM
Double Shield
Cutter head
Mohale
tunnel.double
shield TBM
Mohale tunnel, damaged cutters
Mohale tunnel, placing of segments
Mohale tunnel, placing of segments
Mohale Tunnel
Dismantling of TBM
Main Bearing
Akheloos Diversion Tunnel
Greece
Akheloos Diversion Cretaceous Limestone
Akheloos Diversion Sheared Shale and Siltstone
Akheloos
Diversion
Sheared Shale and
Siltstone
Akheloos Diversion Sheared Shale and Siltstone
 Akheloos Diversion
Spiling

Akheloos Diversion
Sound, Folded Limestone
2nd Manapouri Tailrace Tunnel
New Zealand
2nd MTT. Assembly
Changing cutters
Manapouri Tunnel, Robbins TBM
Inside of Cutter Head
Finger Shield

Shearing and Slabbing

Rock at 2MTT
Mixed Face
2MTT UCS data
Manapouri Tunnel - Worn and Seized Cutters
Manapouri - Worn Cutters and Drill Cuttings
Effect of number of buckets
2nd Manapouri Tailrace Tunnel
 AlpTransit
Gotthard Basis Tunnel
Gotthard BasisTunnel,
Assembling Herrenknecht TBM
AlpTransit
Geological log of fault zone
Effect of fault on progress rate
Karahnjukar Headrace
Rig for Rock Bolting
AlpTransit
Karahnjukar Headrace Tunnel
Iceland
Karahnjukar
Tunnel Muck
Kaiser Wilhelm Railway Tunnel
Germany
EPB Machine
Kaiser Wilhelm Railway Tunnel, Segment Lining
Kaiser Wilhelm
Railway Tunnel
EPB TBM
Kaiser Wilhelm Railway Tunnel
Road Headers
Westfalia, Daule-Peripa Diversion Tunnel
Daule Peripa Diversion Tunnel
Paurat Machines (Urfa, Kali Gandaki)
AlpTransit