Nama : Fery Ardi Kurniawan

NIM : G99151023
Kelompok : 505
Kepaniteraan Klinik IKM 31 Agustus 2015 11 Oktober 2015

Please answer the following questions shortly!

A doctor works in a Public Health Center (PHC) in Sragen recorded data of patients with Anemia.
Amongst 10.000 people living in the PHC area in 2013, 60% of them were female. In 2013, there
were 500 cases of anemia, 100 in male, while 400 happened in female. Before 2013, the nurse
recorded another 1000 cases of anemia had happened most of them (80%) happened in female).

1. From the paragraph, please calculate

a. Cummulative incidence of anemia in 2013
case
Number of a new time period 500
I= a =
9000
Population at risk at the beginning

b. Prevalence of anemia in the end of 2013

Number of newold caseat a point of time 1000+500
P= X 100% = X 100%
Population 10000
1500
P= X 100% = 15%
10000

2. From the paragraph, please calculate

a. Odds ratio of female vs male for developing anemia in 2013
400 1
Risk female 5600 14 39
OR female vs male = = = =
Risk male 100 1 14
3900 39

b. Risk ratio of male vs female for developing anemia in all time

300
Oddmale 4000 0.075 3.75
RR male vs female = = = =
Odd female 1200 0.2 1
6000

3. Explain the difference of :

a. Neonatal mortality rate and infant mortality rate
Neonatal Mortality Rate Infant Mortality Rate
Pembilang menggunakan data jumlah Pembilang menggunakan data jumlah
kematian bayi berusia kurang dari 28 hari kematian bayi berusia kurang dari 1 tahun
Bermanfaat untuk mengetahui : Bermanfaat sebagai indikator yang sensitif
1. Tinggi rendahnya usaha perawatan terhadap derajat kesehatan masyarakat
post-natal
2. Program imunisasi
3. Pertolongan persalinan
 4. Penyakit infeksi

b. Fertility rate and birth rate

Fertility Rate
Pembilang merupakan data jumlah
kelahiran hidup dalam 1 tahun
Penyebut merupakan populasi wanita
berusia 15-44 tahun pada saat
pertengahan tahun
Birth Rate
Pembilang menggunakan data jumlah
kelahiran (baik yang hidup maupun yang
mati) dalam 1 tahun
Penyebut merupakan jumlah populasi pada
pertengahan tahun

c. Endemic and epidemic

Endemik Epidemik
Kasusnya persisten, menetap Jumlahnya meningkat melebihi dari angka
yang diperkirakan
Jumlahnya dari moderate-high

Indonesia is planning to implement a policy to require female age 10-14 years of age to be
vaccinated for HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) which is the most important etiology for cervical
cancer. The purpose of this vaccination is to protect this population from exposure to HPV which
usually occurs after first sexual experience (teenager). Cervical cancer is the second most common
cancer in Indonesia in female after breast cancer. The policy also requires female age > 40 years old
to be examined with pap smear for early detection of disease.

1. Draw a simple diagram explaining the natural history of disease, and types of prevention that
can be done for each stage!

Paparan Dimulainya gejala

Masa Inkubasi Durasi

Adanya perubahan Saat diagnosis

patologis
Tahap rentan Tahap Subklinis Tahap Klinis Tahap
Kesembuhan,
Kecacatan,
Kematian
Pencegahan Primer : Pencegahan Sekunder : Pencegahan Tersier :
Promosi Kesehatan, Pemeriksaan IVA test Tatalaksana medik,
Penyuluhan atau pap smear untuk pembatasan kecacatan,
Vaksinasi deteksi dini rehabilitasi