Physical Education

Physical Education is "education through the physical". It aims to develop

students physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and
their ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with
the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. It also develops students
confidence and generic skills, especially those of collaboration, communication,
creativity, critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation. These, together with the
nurturing of positive values and attitudes in PE, provide a good foundation for
students lifelong and life-wide learning.
Physical education
Physical education, Phy. Ed., or PE, also known in many Commonwealth countries as physical training or PT,[1] is
an educational course related to the physique of the human body. It is taken during primary and secondary
education and encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health.

Asia
In South Korea, it is mandatory for pupils to take a total of 3 hours of physical education
through primary and secondary level schools
In Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2
hours of PE every week, except during examination seasons. Pupils are able to play
games like football, badminton, captain ball, and basketball during most sessions.
Unorthodox sports such as touchball, fencing, and skateboarding are occasionally played.
In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis,
shooting, and squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in
every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils.[citation needed] Pupils
are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad
jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1.6 km for primary [10- to 12-year-olds]/2.4 km for
secondary and junior college levels [13- to 18-year-olds]). Students are graded by gold,
silver, bronze or fail. NAPFA for pre-enlistees serves as an indicator for an additional 2
months in the country's compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail.
In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools to secondary schools are expected to do 2
periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except a week before examination. In most
secondary schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, football, netball, basketball and
tennis are available. Pupils are allowed to bring their own sports equipment to the school
with the authorization of the teacher.
In the Philippines, PE is mandatory for all years. Unless, the school gives the option for a
student to do the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme instead for fifth and sixth
year. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their
physical education curriculum.[3][4][5][6][7]
In Indonesia, students ranging from Kindergarten to High School have PE integrated with
their curriculum. Kindergarten until Grade 3 of Elementary students have gymnastics,
starting from Grade 4 of Elementary School, students will be introduced to traditional
martial arts Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, tennis, football,
futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, several other games
such as basketball, volleyball, cricket, tennis, badminton, kho kho, kabaddi, etc. are
played. Several drills and physical training are taught.

Health
Health (disambiguation) Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a
living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and
self-manage when facing physical, mental or social challenges.[1] The World Health
Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity."[2][3] This definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as
lacking operational value and because of the problem created by use of the word
"complete" [4][5][6] Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition
that correlates health and personal satisfaction.[7][8] Classification systems such as the
WHO Family of International Classifications, including the International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Diseases
(ICD), are commonly used to define and measure the components of health.
Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in
humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal
health are covered by the veterinary sciences. The term "healthy" is also widely used in
the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of
humans, such as in the sense of healthy communities, healthy cities or healthy
environments. In addition to health care interventions and a person's surroundings, a
number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals, including
their background, lifestyle, and economic, social conditions, and spirituality; these are
referred to as "determinants of health." Studies have shown that high levels of stress can
affect human health.[9]
Definition
As defined by World Health Organization (WHO), it is a "State of complete physical,
mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health
is a dynamic condition resulting from a body's constant adjustment and adaptation in
response to stresses and changes in the environment for maintaining an inner
equilibrium called homeostasis.

Music
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence. The
common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and
its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and
softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the
"color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-
emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of
instruments and with vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping, and there are
solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental
accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives
from Greek (mousike; "art of the Muses").[1] In its most general form, the
activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music
(songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of
music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers
defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies.
Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point
to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century
composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is
no noise, only sound."[2]
The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music vary according
to culture and social context. Indeed, throughout history, some new forms or styles of
music have been criticized as "not being music", including Beethoven's Grosse Fuge
string quartet in 1825,[3] early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s[4] and hardcore punk in
the 1980s.[5] There are many types of music, including popular music, traditional music,
art music, music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys.
Music ranges from strictly organized compositionssuch as Classical music symphonies
from the 1700s and 1800s, through to spontaneously played improvisational music such
as jazz, and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from 20th and 21st
century.
Music can be divided into genres (e.g., country music) and genres can be further divided
into subgenres (e.g., country blues and pop country are two of the many country
subgenres), although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often
subtle, sometimes open to personal interpretation, and occasionally controversial. For
example, it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy
metal. Within the arts, music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art or as an
auditory art. Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra
performance, heard live as part of a dramatic work (a music theater show or opera), or it
may be recorded and listened to on a radio, MP3 player, CD player, Smartphone or as
film score or TV show.
In many cultures, music is an important part of people's way of life, as it plays a key role
in religious rituals, rite of passage ceremonies (e.g., graduation and marriage), social
activities (e.g., dancing) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to
playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir. People may make
music as a hobby, for example, a teen who plays cello in a youth orchestra, or by
working as a professional musician or singer.

Art?
What is Art? (Russian: ? Chto takoye iskusstvo?) is a book by Leo
Tolstoy. It was completed in Russian in 1897 but first published in English due to
difficulties with the Russian censors.[1]
Tolstoy cites the time, effort, public funds, and public respect spent on art and artists[2] as
well as the imprecision of general opinions on art[3] as reason for writing the book. In his
words, "it is difficult to say what is meant by art, and especially what is good, useful art,
art for the sake of which we might condone such sacrifices as are being offered at its
shrine".[4]
Throughout the book Tolstoy demonstrates an "unremitting moralism",[5] evaluating
artworks in light of his radical Christian ethics,[6] and displaying a willingness to dismiss
accepted masters, including Wagner,[7] Shakespeare,[8] and Dante,[9] as well as the bulk of
his own writings.[10]
Having rejected the use of beauty in definitions of art (see aesthetic theory), Tolstoy
conceptualises art as anything that communicates emotion: "Art begins when a man,
with the purpose of communicating to other people a feeling he once experienced, calls
it up again within himself and expresses it by certain external signs".[11]
This view of art is inclusive: "jokes", "home decoration", and "church services" may all be
considered art as long as they convey feeling.[12] It is also amoral: "[f]eelings very bad
and very good, if only they infect the reader constitute the subject of art". [13]
Tolstoy also notes that the "sincerity" of the artistthat is, the extent to which the artist
"experiences the feeling he conveys"influences the infection. [14

TRIVIA
Did you know
Your body is made up of trillions of atoms.
Atoms are not alive!
A long life for a human is 650,000 hours.
Of the billions and billions of species of plants and animals that have existed on earth,
only 99.99 have survived. Congratulations, you made it!
When you are born your body is made up of over 300 bones inbut as an adult you have
only 206.
It takes finger and toenails 6 months to grow from bottom to tip.
The wind speed of a sneeze is over 100 mph.
Pencils...
did you know that the typical pencil can write 45,000 words or draw a line 35
miles long?
Cell Phones...
The average American spends 7 hours per month talking on their cell phone.

A national survey by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that with technology allowing
nearly 24-hour media access as children and teens go about their daily lives, the amount
of time young people spend with entertainment media has risen dramatically, especially
among minority youth. Today, 8-18 year-olds devote an average of 7 hours and 38
minutes (7:38) to using entertainment media across a typical day (more than 53 hours a
week). And because they spend so much of that time 'media multitasking' (using more
than one medium a
t a time), they actually manage to pack a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes (10:45) worth
of media content into those 7 hours.

January - The month of January is named after the Roman god Janus who had two heads,
one looking back at last year and the other looking forward to the next.

Health
1) Did you know that - the most important meal is breakfast?
Having a good healthy breakfast is important in balancing blood
glucose levels.
Try to refrain from drinking coffee or tea, as caffeine forces the
adrenal glands to produce adrenaline, which raises blood sugar levels
and then triggers the release of insulin. That is why we feel high
soon after we take caffeine, but subsequently may feel low later
(which in turn creates the craving for more tea or coffee).
2) Did you know that - the largest human organ is the skin?
The skin is the largest organ in the body. It defends our bodies
against disease and infection, regulates body temperature and also
aids in vitamin production.
To maintain good dermal health the important nutrients are: vitamins
A, C, E and the minerals zinc, iron, iodine, selenium.
Consume lots of foods that contain the antioxidant nutrients.
Antioxidants combat free radicals. Free radicals have been blamed for
a host of problems (wrinkles, ageing, cancer, poor health, low
immunity .. etc). More info on Antioxidants coming soon.
3) Did you know that coffee, alcohol and sugar are notorious
nutrient destroyers?
Drinking caffeinated drinks all day can deplete important nutrients
such as magnesium, vitamins A, B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3
(niacin), B5.
More info >> nutrient destroyers.
4) Did you know that - the total combined human hair of one
head can take the weight of 2 elephants.
For a healthy individual with no hair diseases, hair fiber is very strong
with tensile strength around 1.6 x10 -9 N / m2. That is about as
strong as copper wire of the same diameter. One strand of hair can
support up to 100 gms in weight. So a whole head of hair (which has
about 100,000 to 150,000 strands of hair) could support up to 12
tonnes (roughly the equivalent of 2 African elephants !!).
5) Did you know that Vitamin C is necessary for the
absorption of iron?
>> More info on Vitamin C (a potent antioxidant)
6) Did you know that meat tenderizers are synthesized from the
papaya fruit.
Another common fruit - the Kiwi fruit, also has meat tenderizing
propeties.
7) Did you know that Vitamin D can be produced in our bodies from
the action of sunlight on the skin?
Vitamin D, is also known as "The Sunshine Vitamin". Because our
bodies can produce vitamin D from sunlights ultra-violet rays on our
skin. It is a very important vitamin for healthy, strong teeth & bones.
However, it is the most toxic (in high doses).
>>More info on Vitamin D
8) Did you know that Vitamin A is a powerful anti-oxidant and has
many health benefits, but taking too much vitamin A (in the
preformed state, also known as Retinol) can lead to vitamin A
poisoning?
So when shopping for vitamin A supplements, always look for beta-
carotene (pro-vitamin A). Beta-carotene is non-toxic. Our bodies will
turn beta-carotene into Retinol only when it is needed. So there is
little chance of Retinol poisoning.

Interesting Heart Health Trivia [Heart Day Special]

Your heart is the centre of your body's cardiovascular system and can be safely called
the most vital organ of your body, which pumps blood and life into you. It has many roles
to play - from transportation of oxygen, to the success of your immune system; it affects
the overall health and well being of your body. Today, as we get ready to celebrate 29th
September as World Heart Day 2011, Dr. Praveer Agarwal, Associate Director,
Interventional Cardiology at Fortis Escorts Heart Institute tells us interesting trivia about
heart health, as part of our week long heart health special. Read on...

1. The human heart beats around 35 million times in a year - The average adult heart
beats 72 times a minute.

2. Even at rest, the heart muscles work twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person
running.

3. The heart pumps about 1 million barrels of blood during an average - Within a
minutes time, a human heart can pump blood to every cell in your body. And over the
course of a day, about 100,000 heart beats shuttle 2,000 gallons of oxygen-rich blood
many times.

4. Broken Heart can pilot heart attack risk- A breakup with a loved one or news of a
family death can increase risk for heart attack. When you experience an emotionally
difficult event, it can also activate the release of stress hormones into the bloodstream
that temporarily "shock" the heart. But this type of achy heart can bounce back in days
with some rest.
5. Long time smokers can benefit by refraining from cigarettes - Within three years of
quitting; the heart attack risks for ex- smokers are the same as for someone who has
never smoked before.

6. Taking care of your teeth can impact your heart health - Developing gum disease can
increase risks of heart attack or stroke by 50%.

7. The heart creates enough energy to drive a truck 20 miles every day That is
equivalent to driving to the moon and back in a life time.
Arts
Question: The Diary of Anne Frank was written in what city? ---

Amsterdam

Question: Name the artist who created the sculpture called the Pieta.

Michelangelo

Question: What 14th century Italian painted the Birth of Venus?

Boticelli

IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists
whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.
Impressionist painting characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often
accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement
as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.
The Impressionists faced harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The
name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, soleil levant
(Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satirical review
published in the Parisian newspaper Le Charivari.
The development of Impressionism in the visual arts was soon followed by analogous styles in
other media that became known as impressionist music and impressionist literature.
Pages in category "Impressionist composers"
B Paul Benoit (composer)
D Claude Debussy
F Ernest Fanelli
H Herbert Hughes (composer)
R Maurice Ravel

Ottorino Respighi
S Carlos Salzedo
MUSIC TRIVIA

Did You Know . . . ??

* A few quickies: After making a mistake when recording Hey Jude Paul McCartney says, Oh, fucking
hell at 2:58; Every member of Nirvana were kicked out of their 'Nevermind' release party for starting a
food fight; Led Zeppelin came up with the title Black Dog after a black labrador walked into the studio
while recording; Chuck Berry aspired to be a professional photographer and only performed music to buy
photography equipment; Angelina Jolies uncle, Chip Taylor, wrote the song Wild Thing; The Doors were
the first band ever to advertise a new album on a billboard; Bob Dylans first draft of Like a Rolling Stone
was six pages long; and Billy Joels Only the Good Die Young is about a man attempting to convince a
Catholic girl to lose her virginity to him.

* "All Along The Watch Tower" ~ Jimi Hendrix ..This was recorded while Hendrix played with the Jimi
Hendrix Experience: Hendrix on guitar, Noel Redding on bass, and Mitch Mitchell on drums. For this song,
however, Redding was not on bass; Hendrix played bass. Redding was also the guitar player for his own
band Fat Mattress, which Hendrix referred to as Thin Pillow. Hendrix often felt that Redding did not put his
heart into the bass and was concerned that Redding concentrated more on Fat Mattress than he did on the
Experience. Things like these eventually led to him being replaced by Billy Cox.

* On December 18th 2015 Justin Bieber set a new UK Official Chart record as the first artist ever to log
four weeks at Numbers 1 and 2 consecutively. Not only this, but that same week, December 18th to 24th
2015, Justin had an incredible eleven singles in the UK singles chart, holding the numbers 1, 2, 5, 32, 44,
53, 56, 61, 63, 90 and 95 spot on the chart.

* In 1989, the U.S. military blared AC/DC music at General Noriega's compound in Panama for 2
continuous days, after which the dictator surrendered and the British Navy uses Britney Spears' songs to
scare off Somali pirates.

* An all-star jam session took place at a party in LA for actor Peter Sellers' 50th Birthday. The line-up for
the group who named themselves The Trading Faces: Bill Wyman on bass, Ronnie Wood, Jesse Ed Davis,
and Danny Kortchmar on guitars, Keith Moon, organ and drums, Joe Cocker, vocals, Nigel Olsson, drums
and David Bowie and Bobby Keys on sax.

* The "true love" mentioned in the song "Twelve Days of Christmas" does not refer to a romantic couple,
but the Catholic Church's code for God. The person who receives the gifts represents someone who has
accepted that code. For example, the "partridge in a pear tree" represents Christ. The "two turtledoves"
represent the Old and New Testaments. Also all the gifts in the Twelve Days of Christmas would equal 364
gifts

* Before the recording session of, 'When A Man Loves A Woman', the song had no title or lyrics. The
session proceeded with the expectation that Percy Sledge would produce them for the vocal takes. When it
came time to record the vocals, Sledge improvised the lyrics with minimal pre-planning, using the melody
as a guide for rhythm and phrasing. The performance was so convincing that others working on the
session assumed Sledge had the lyrics written down ...

* According to scientific research carried out in 2011, Queen's "We Are The Champions" was found to be
the catchiest song ever written. Musicologist Dr Alisun Pawley from the University of London, and Dr
Daniel Mllensiefen of Goldsmiths University of London, UK, researched into what makes a song
memorable and compiled a list of the ten "catchiest" songs of all time. They reveal the top ten were: "We
are the Champions"-Queen (1977); "Y.M.C.A"-The Village People (1978); "Fat Lip"- Sum 41 (2001); "The
Final Countdown"- Europe (1986); "Monster"-The Automatic (2006) ; "Ruby"-The Kaiser Chiefs (2007) ;
"I'm Always Here"-Jimi Jamison (1996) ; "Brown Eyed Girl"-Van Morrison (1967) ; "Teenage Dirtbag"-
Wheatus (2000) ; and at No.10, "Livin' on a Prayer"- Bon Jovi (1986)

* A study of more than 36,000 people from around the world concluded that musical tastes and
personality type were closely related. The research, which was carried out by Professor Adrian North of
Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh in the UK suggested classical music fans were shy, while heavy metal
fans were gentle and at ease with themselves. Fans of Indie music had low self-esteem and were not hard
working, fans of Rap music had high self-esteem and were outgoing. Country & Western fans were
hardworking and outgoing, Reggae fans were creative but not hardworking, and fans of chart pop had high
self-esteem, were not creative, but where hardworking and outgoing.

* The first person to utter the word "hip-hop" was Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins of Grandmaster Flash and the
Furious Five. He was teasing a pal who had joined the army about the sound boots make on pavement,
and the verbal mash-up made it into his stage act. Eventually, disco groups started referring to bands like
Wiggins' as "hip-hoppers," and, though pejorative, the name stuck

* Back in 1967 on May 1st, "May Day", Elvis Presley married Priscilla; thier six-tier wedding cake cost a
reported $3,200, which would be over $22,000 in today's dollars.
* The 30th Vice President of the United States, and Nobel Prize winner, Charles Gates Dawes, was also a
self-taught pianist and a composer. His 1912 composition, "Melody in A Major" became a well-known piano
and violin tune, and played at many official functions as his signature tune. In 1951 it was transformed
into the pop song "It's All in the Game" when Carl Sigman added lyrics. Tommy Edwards' recording of "It's
All in the Game" was a No.1 hit on the US Billboard record chart for six weeks in the fall of 1958 and Cliff
Richard reached the No.2 spot with it in the UK in 1963. It is the only No. 1 pop single to have been co-
written by a U.S. Vice President or winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.