Drive shaft

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Drive shaft with universal joints
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint> at each end and a spline
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_spline> in the centre
13-04-05-Skoda Museum Mlad Boleslav by RalfR-009.jpg
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by
_RalfR-009.jpg>

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:13-04-05-Skoda_Museum_Mlad%C3%A1_Boleslav_by
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A *drive shaft*, *driveshaft*, *driving shaft*, *propeller shaft* (*prop
shaft*), or *Cardan shaft* is a mechanical component for transmitting
torque <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque> and rotation, usually used
to connect other components of a drive train
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive_train> that cannot be connected
directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement
between them.
As torque carriers, drive shafts are subject to torsion
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion_(mechanics)> and shear stress
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stress>, equivalent to the
difference between the input torque and the load. They must therefore be
strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional
weight as that would in turn increase their inertia
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertia>.
To allow for variations in the alignment and distance between the
driving and driven components, drive shafts frequently incorporate one
or more universal joints
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint>, jaw couplings
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw_coupling>, or rag joints
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rag_joint>, and sometimes a splined joint
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_spline> or prismatic joint
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prismatic_joint>.

Contents
 [hide]
* 1 History <#History>
* 2 Automotive drive shaft <#Automotive_drive_shaft>
o 2.1 Vehicles <#Vehicles>
+ 2.1.1 Front-engine, rear-wheel drive
<#Front-engine.2C_rear-wheel_drive>
+ 2.1.2 Front-wheel drive <#Front-wheel_drive>
+ 2.1.3 Four wheel and all-wheel drive
<#Four_wheel_and_all-wheel_drive>
o 2.2 Drive shaft for Research and Development (R&D)
<#Drive_shaft_for_Research_and_Development_.28R.26D.29>
* 3 Motorcycle drive shafts <#Motorcycle_drive_shafts>
* 4 Marine drive shafts <#Marine_drive_shafts>
* 5 Locomotive drive shafts <#Locomotive_drive_shafts>
* 6 Drive shafts in bicycles <#Drive_shafts_in_bicycles>
o 6.1 Advantages <#Advantages>
o 6.2 Disadvantages <#Disadvantages>
* 7 Drive shaft production <#Drive_shaft_production>
* 8 See also <#See_also>
* 9 References <#References>

History[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
1>]
The term *drive shaft* first appeared during the mid 19th century. In
Stover's 1861 patent reissue for a planing and matching machine
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thickness_planer>, the term is used to
refer to the belt-driven shaft by which the machine is driven.^[1]
<#cite_note-1> The term is not used in his original patent.^[2]
<#cite_note-2> Another early use of the term occurs in the 1861 patent
reissue for the Watkins and Bryson horse-drawn mowing machine
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_bar_mower>.^[3] <#cite_note-3>
Here, the term refers to the shaft transmitting power from the machine's
wheels to the gear train that works the cutting mechanism.
In the 1890s, the term began to be used in a manner closer to the modern
sense. In 1891, for example, Battles referred to the shaft between the
transmission and driving trucks <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogie> of
his Climax locomotive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_locomotive>
as the drive shaft,^[4] <#cite_note-4> and Stillman referred to the
shaft linking the crankshaft to the rear axle of his shaft-driven
bicycle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicycle> as a drive
shaft.^[5] <#cite_note-5> In 1899, Bukey used the term to describe the
shaft transmitting power from the wheel to the driven machinery by a
universal joint <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint> in his
Horse-Power <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_power_(machine)>.^[6]
<#cite_note-6> In the same year, Clark described his Marine Velocipede
using the term to refer to the gear-driven shaft transmitting power
through a universal joint
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint> to the propeller
shaft.^[7] <#cite_note-7> Crompton used the term to refer to the shaft
between the transmission of his steam-powered Motor Vehicle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_car> of 1903 and the driven
axle.^[8] <#cite_note-8>

Automotive drive shaft[edit

 <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
2>]

Vehicles[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sectio
n=3>]
An automobile <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile> may use a
longitudinal shaft to deliver power from an engine/transmission to the
other end of the vehicle before it goes to the wheels. A pair of short
drive shafts is commonly used to send power from a central differential
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanics)>, transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)>, or transaxle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaxle> to the wheels.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universal_joints_shaft.jpg>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Universal_joints_shaft.jpg>
A truck two section propeller shaft

Front-engine, rear-wheel drive[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sect
ion=4>]
Main article: Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel_drive_layout>
In front-engined, rear-drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FR_layout>
vehicles, a longer drive shaft is also required to send power the length
of the vehicle. Two forms dominate: The torque tube
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_tube> with a single universal
joint <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint> and the more
common Hotchkiss drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotchkiss_drive>
with two or more joints. This system became known as /Systme Panhard
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Panhard>/ after the
automobile company Panhard et Levassor
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panhard> patented it.
Most of these vehicles have a clutch
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch> and gearbox
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearbox> (or transmission) mounted
directly on the engine, with a drive shaft leading to a final drive in
the rear axle. When the vehicle is stationary, the drive shaft does not
rotate. Some vehicles (generally sports cars, most commonly Alfa Romeos
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Alfetta> or Porsche 924s
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_924>), seeking improved weight
balance between front and rear, use a rear-mounted transaxle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaxle>. This places the clutch and
transmission at the /rear/ of the car and the drive shaft between them
and the engine. In this case the drive shaft rotates continuously with
the engine, even when the car is stationary and out of gear.
A drive shaft connecting a rear differential to a rear wheel may be
called a half-shaft. The name derives from the fact that two such shafts
are required to form one rear axle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axle#Drive_axles>.
Early automobiles often used chain drive
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive> or belt drive
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_drive> mechanisms rather than a
drive shaft. Some used electrical generators and motors to transmit
power to the wheels.

Front-wheel drive[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sect
ion=5>]
In British English <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English>, the
term "drive shaft" is restricted to a transverse shaft that transmits
power to the wheels, especially the front wheels. A drive shaft
connecting the gearbox to a rear differential is called a *propeller
shaft*, or *prop-shaft*. A prop-shaft assembly consists of a propeller
shaft, a slip joint <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip_joint> and one
or more universal joints
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint>. Where the engine and
axles are separated from each other, as on four-wheel drive
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-wheel_drive> and rear-wheel drive
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rear-wheel_drive> vehicles, it is the
propeller shaft that serves to transmit the drive force generated by the
engine to the axles.
Several different types of drive shaft are used in the automotive industry:
* One-piece drive shaft
* Two-piece drive shaft
* Slip-in-tube drive shaft
The slip-in-tube drive shaft is a new type that improves crash safety.
It can be compressed to absorb energy in the event of a crash, so is
also known as a collapsible drive shaft.

Four wheel and all-wheel drive[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sect
ion=6>]
These evolved from the front-engine rear-wheel drive layout. A new form
of transmission called the transfer case was placed between transmission
and final drives in both axles. This split the drive to the two axles
and may also have included reduction gears, a dog clutch or
differential. At least two drive shafts were used, one from the transfer
case to each axle. In some larger vehicles, the transfer box was
centrally mounted and was itself driven by a short drive shaft. In
vehicles the size of a Land Rover
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Rover>, the drive shaft to the front
axle is noticeably shorter and more steeply articulated than the rear
shaft, making it a more difficult engineering problem to build a
reliable drive shaft, and which may involve a more sophisticated form of
universal joint.
Modern light cars with all-wheel drive
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-wheel_drive> (notably Audi
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi> or the Fiat Panda
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Panda>) may use a system that more
closely resembles a front-wheel drive layout. The transmission and final
drive for the front axle are combined into one housing alongside the
engine, and a /single/ drive shaft runs the length of the car to the
rear axle. This is a favoured design where the torque is biased to the
front wheels to give car-like handling, or where the maker wishes to
produce both four-wheel drive and front-wheel drive cars with many
shared components.

Drive shaft for Research and Development (R&D)[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sectio
n=7>]
The automotive industry also uses drive shafts at testing plants. At an
engine test stand <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_test_stand> a
drive shaft is used to transfer a certain speed / torque from the
Internal combustion engine
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine> to a
dynamometer <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamometer>. A "shaft guard"
is used at a shaft connection to protect against contact with the drive
shaft and for detection of a shaft failure. At a transmission test stand
a drive shaft connects the prime mover with the transmission.

Motorcycle drive shafts[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
8>]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_R32_hr_TCE.jpg>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BMW_R32_hr_TCE.jpg>
The exposed drive shaft on BMW's first motorcycle, the R32
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_R32>
Drive shafts have been used on motorcycles
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle> since before WW1, such as the
Belgian FN motorcycle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_(motorcycle)>
from 1903 and the Stuart Turner
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Turner_(engineer)> Stellar
motorcycle of 1912. As an alternative to chain
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive> and belt
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_(mechanical)> drives, drive shafts
offer relatively maintenance-free operation, long life and cleanliness.
A disadvantage of shaft drive on a motorcycle is that helical gearing
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear#types>, spiral bevel gearing
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_bevel_gear> or similar is needed
to turn the power 90 from the shaft to the rear wheel, losing some
power in the process. On the other hand, it is easier to protect the
shaft linkages and drive gears from dust, sand, and mud.
BMW <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_motorcycles> has produced shaft
drive motorcycles since 1923; and Moto Guzzi
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_Guzzi> have built shaft-drive
V-twins <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-twin> since the 1960s. The
British company, Triumph
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd> and the major
Japanese brands, Honda <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda>, Suzuki
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki>, Kawasaki
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Motorcycle_Corporation> and
Yamaha <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company>, have
produced shaft drive motorcycles.
Lambretta <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambretta> motorscooters type A
up to type LD where shaft-driven ^[9] <#cite_note-9> the NSU Prima
scooter was also shaft-driven ^[10] <#cite_note-10>
Motorcycle engines positioned such that the crankshaft is longitudinal
and parallel to the frame <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-twin> are
often used for shaft-driven motorcycles. This requires only one 90 turn
in power transmission, rather than two. Bikes from Moto Guzzi and BMW,
plus the Triumph Rocket III
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_Rocket_III> and Honda ST series
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_ST_series> all use this engine layout.
Motorcycles with shaft drive are subject to shaft effect
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_effect> where the chassis climbs
when power is applied. This effect, which is the opposite of that
exhibited by chain-drive motorcycles, is counteracted with systems such
as BMW's Paralever <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralevel>, Moto
Guzzi's CARC <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_Guzzi#CARC> and
Kawasaki's Tetra Lever <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_1400GTR>.

Marine drive shafts[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
9>]
On a power-driven ship, the drive shaft, or propeller shaft, usually
connects the transmission inside the vessel directly to the propeller
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller>, passing through a stuffing
box <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuffing_box> or other seal at the
point it exits the hull
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)>. There is also a
thrust block <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust_block>, a bearing to
resist the axial force of the propeller. As the rotating propeller
pushes the vessel forward, any length of drive shaft between propeller
and thrust block is subject to compression
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_(physical)>, and when going
astern to tension <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_(mechanics)>.
Except for the very smallest of boats, this force isn't taken on the
gearbox or engine directly.
Cardan shafts are also often used in marine applications between the
transmission and either a propeller gearbox or waterjet.

Locomotive drive shafts[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
10>]
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forks,_Washington_Shay_Locomotive_1.JPG>

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Forks,_Washington_Shay_Locomotive_1.JPG>
The rear drive shaft, crankshaft and front drive shaft of a Shay
locomotive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shay_locomotive>.
The Shay <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shay_locomotive>, Climax
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_locomotive> and Heisler
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisler_locomotive> locomotives, all
introduced in the late 19th century, used quill drives
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill_drive> to couple power from a
centrally mounted multi-cylinder engine to each of the trucks
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogie> supporting the engine. On each of
these geared steam locomotives
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geared_steam_locomotive>, one end of each
drive shaft was coupled to the driven truck through a universal joint
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint> while the other end was
powered by the crankshaft <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crankshaft>,
transmission <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)> or
another truck through a second universal joint. A quill drive also has
the ability to slide lengthways, effectively varying its length. This is
required to allow the bogies to rotate when passing a curve.
Cardan shafts are used in some diesel locomotives
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_locomotive> (mainly
diesel-hydraulics, such as British Rail Class 52
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_52>) and some electric
locomotives <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_locomotive> (e.g.
British Rail Class 91
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_91>). They are also
widely used in diesel multiple units
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_multiple_unit>.

Drive shafts in bicycles[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
11>]
Main article: shaft-driven bicycle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicycle>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dsb-1.jpg>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dsb-1.jpg>
A shaft-driven bicycle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicycle>.
The drive shaft has served as an alternative to a chain-drive in
bicycles <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle> for the past century,
never becoming very popular. A shaft-driven bicycle
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft-driven_bicycle> (or "Acatane", from
an early maker) has several advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sectio
n=12>]
* Drive system is less likely to become jammed, a common problem with
chain-driven bicycles
* The rider cannot become dirtied from chain grease or injured by
"Chain bite" when clothing or a body part catches between an
unguarded chain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_case> and a sprocket
* Lower maintenance than a chain system when the drive shaft is
enclosed in a tube
* More consistent performance. Dynamic Bicycles claims that a drive
shaft bicycle can deliver 94% efficiency, whereas a chain-driven
bike can deliver anywhere from 75-97% efficiency based on condition
* Greater ground clearance
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_clearance>: lacking a
derailleur <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleur_gears> or other
low-hanging machinery, the bicycle has nearly twice the ground clearance
 Disadvantages[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&sectio
n=13>]
* A drive shaft system weighs more than a chain system, usually 1-2
pounds <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)> heavier
* Many of the advantages claimed by drive shaft's proponents can be
achieved on a chain-driven bicycle, such as covering the chain and
gears <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_case>
* Use of lightweight derailleur
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailleur> gears with a high number
of ratios is impossible, although hub gears
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub_gears> can be used
* Wheel removal can be complicated in some designs (as it is for some
chain-driven bicycles with hub gears).

Drive shaft production[edit

<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
14>]
Nowadays new possibilities exists for the production process of drive
shafts. The filament winding
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filament_winding> production process is
gaining popularity for the creation of composite
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material> drive shafts. Several
companies in the automotive industry are looking to adopt this knowledge
for their high volume production process.^[/citation needed
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed>/]

See also[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
15>]
* Girolamo Cardano <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Cardano>
* Giubo <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giubo>
* Power take-off <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_take-off>
* Quill drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quill_drive>
* Shaft alignment <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_alignment>
* Shaft collar <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft_collar>

References[edit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drive_shaft&action=edit&section=
16>]
1. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-1>* Henry D. Stover, Improvement in
Wood-Planing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,190
<http://www.google.com/patents?id=sUIdAAAAEBAJ>, May 21, 1861.
2. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-2>* Henry D. Stover, Planing Machine, U.S.
Patent 30,993 <http://www.google.com/patents?id=zcJpAAAAEBAJ>, Dec.
18, 1860, 1861.
3. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-3>* John DeLancy Watkins and Robert Bryson,
Mowing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,904
<https://books.google.com/books?id=Yr1AAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT440>, July 23,
1861.
4. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-4>* Rush S. Battles, Locomotive, U.S. Patent
455,154 <http://www.google.com/patents?id=tnJPAAAAEBAJ>, June 30, 1891.
5. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-5>* Walter Stillman, Bicycle, U.S. Patent
 456,387 <http://www.google.com/patents?id=XxVSAAAAEBAJ>, July 21, 1891.
6. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-6>* Dudley D. Bukey, Horse-Power, U.S. Patent
631,198 <http://www.google.com/patents?id=xL11AAAAEBAJ>, Aug. 15, 1899.
7. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-7>* Charles Clark, Marine Velocipede, [U.S.
Patent 637,547], Nov. 21, 1899.
8. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-8>* Charles Crompton, Motor-Vehicle U.S.
Patent 718,097 <http://www.google.com/patents?id=sJBHAAAAEBAJ>, Jan.
1903.
9. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-9>* "Lambretta Scooters Models"
<http://www.lambretta.co.uk/models.html>. /Cambridge Lambretta
Workshop/. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
10. *Jump up ^ <#cite_ref-10>* "NSU Prima sales brochures"
<http://www.nsuprima.com/index2.html>. /NSU Prima/. Retrieved 26
August 2016.

[show <#>]
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Powertrain>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Powertrain>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Powertrain&action=edit>
Powertrain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powertrain>
/Part of the Automobile <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile> series/
Automotive engine <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_engine>
* Petrol engine <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol_engine>
* Diesel engine <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_engine>
Transmission <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)>
* Automatic transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission>
* Clutch <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch>
* Continuously variable transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission>
* Differential
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)>
* Direct-shift gearbox
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-shift_gearbox>
* *Drive shaft*
* Dual-clutch transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission>
* Electrohydraulic manual transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydraulic_manual_transmission>
* Electrorheological clutch
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrorheological_clutch>
* Epicyclic gearing <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicyclic_gearing>
* Fluid coupling <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_coupling>
* Friction drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_drive>
* Gear stick <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear_stick>
* Giubo <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giubo>
* Limited-slip differential
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited-slip_differential>
* Locking differential
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locking_differential>
* Manual transmission <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_transmission>
* Manumatic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumatic>
* Parking pawl <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_pawl>
 * Park by wire <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_by_wire>
* Preselector gearbox <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preselector_gearbox>
* Semi-automatic transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission>
* Shift by wire <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_by_wire>
* Torque converter <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque_converter>
* Transaxle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaxle>
* Transmission control unit
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_control_unit>
* Universal joint <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_joint>
Wheels and Tires
* Wheel hub assembly <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel_hub_assembly>
* Wheel <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel>
o Rim <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_(wheel)>
o Alloy wheel <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy_wheel>
o Hubcap <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubcap>
* Tire <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tire>
o Tubeless <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubeless_tire>
o Radial <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tire>
o Rain <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_tire>
o Snow <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_tire>
o Racing slick <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_slick>
o Off-road <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-road_tire>
o Run-flat <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-flat_tire>
o Spare <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spare_tire>
Hybrid
* Electric motor <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor>
* Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain>
* Electric generator <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator>
* Alternator <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternator>
* Portal Portal <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cars>
* Category Category <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Automobiles>
[show <#>]
* v <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Motorcycle_components>
* t <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Motorcycle_components>
* e
<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Motorcycle_components&a
ction=edit>
Motorcycle components <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_components>
Chassis
* Frame <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_frame>
* Suspension <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(motorcycle)>
* Fork <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_fork>
* Swingarm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swingarm>
* Wheels <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_wheel>

Absbrakes.jpg <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Absbrakes.jpg>
Engine <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_engine>
Layouts (common)
 * Single <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine>
* Parallel twin <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-two_engine>
* V-twin <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-twin_engine>
* Flat twin (boxer) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_twin_engine>
* Triple <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-three_engine>
* Inline-four <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inline-four_engine>
* V4 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V4_engine>
* Flat-four <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-four_engine>
* Straight-six <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-six_engine>
* Flat-six <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-six_engine>
* V8 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_engine>
Layouts (other)
* Rotary piston
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary-engine#Use_in_cars_and_motorcycles>
* Turbine <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTT_Turbine_Superbike>
* Wankel (rotary)
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel_engine#Motorcycle_engines>
Energy source
* Diesel <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_motorcycle>
* Electric
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motorcycles_and_scooters>
* Gasoline (petrol) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol_engine>
* Hydrogen fuel cell
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle#Motorcycles_and_scooters>
Transmission <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_transmission>
Manual
* Sequential manual transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_manual_transmission>
Automatic
* Continuously variable transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuously_variable_transmission>
* Dual-clutch transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-clutch_transmission>
* Semi-automatic
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_transmission#Motorcycles>
Clutch <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clutch#Motorcycles>
* Slipper <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipper_clutch>
Final drive
* Chain drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive>
* Belt drive <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmer_belt>
* *Shaft drive*
Accessories <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_accessories>
* Fairing <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_fairing>
* Pannier <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannier#Motorcycle_panniers>
* Sidecar <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidecar>
 * Trailer <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_trailer>
Other
* Disc brake <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_brake#On_motorcycles>
* Drum brake <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_brake>
* Saddle <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_saddle>
* Tires <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle_tyre>
* Traction control system
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_control_system>
* Anti-lock braking system
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system>
*Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_motorcycles_and_motorcycling>*
Retrieved from
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Categories <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category>:
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* Mechanical power control
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mechanical_power_control>
* Mechanical power transmission
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mechanical_power_transmission>
* Shaft drives <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Shaft_drives>
Hidden categories:
* Articles needing additional references from June 2010
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_referenc
es_from_June_2010>
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rences>
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* Italiano <https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albero_di_trasmissione>
* Simple English <https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driveshaft>
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