Topic: Linear Equation in One Variable

Prerequisite Concepts: Operations on Polynomials

Objectives: In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Familiarized with Linear equation
2. Find the solution of an equation involving one variable:
a. From a given replacement set c. Mental Math
b. Guess and Check Method d. Flow diagram
3. Apply Properties of Equality
a. Addition Property of Equality b. Multiplication Property of Equality
Linear equation in one variable is an equation that can be written in the form:
ax + b = c where: a, b, and c are real numbers, a 0
Example: x = 7, w 3 = 10, 3z + 4 = 12 z, 5(y - 2) = 5y 10
I. Finding solution of a linear equation from a replacement set
Solution is a number that makes the equation a true statement and is check by substituting this number to the variable and
performing the operation.
Example:
x + 7 = 16 ;x=9 Replace x with 9 9 + 7 = 16
3y 7 = -13 ; y = -2 Replace y with -2 3(-2) 7 = -13
Replacement Set is a set of values that may replace the variable in an equation.
Solution Set is the set of all replacements that make an equation true.
2x + 5 = 21 ;x = {6 , 7, 8, 9, 10} (replacement set) x = { 8 } (solution set) Replace x with 8 2(8) + 5 = 21
4 5 7 8 8 8 8
3x 1 = 7 ;x = { , , 2 , , } (replacement set) x = { } (solution set) Replace x with 3( ) 1 = 7
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
II. Solving Linear Equation by Guess-and-Check Method
Example 1: x+3=5 Example 2: 4x - 2 = 14
Trial x x+3 Remarks Trial x 4x - 2 Remarks
1st 0 0+3=3 3<5 1st 2 4(2) - 2 = 6 6 < 14
2nd 1 1+3=4 4<5 2nd 4 4(4) - 2 = 14 14 = 14
3rd 2 2+3=5 5=5 3rd 6 4(6) - 2 = 22 22 > 14
Thus, x = 2 is the solution of the equation x + 3 = 5 Thus, x = 4 is the solution of the equation 4x - 2 = 14
III. Solving Linear Equations by Mental Mathematics
Example 1: Use Mental mathematics to solve the equation 3x + 4 = 13
Step 1: Think of 3x as the number in What number increased by 4 is 13? the number is 9. Thus, 3x = 9.
Step 2: Think of x as the number in What number when multiplied by 3 is 9? the number is 3. Therefore, x = 3.

Example 2: Use Mental mathematics to solve the equation 9 2y = -11

Step 1: Think of 2y as the number in What number subtracted from 9 is -11? the number is 20. Thus, 9 - 20 = -11.
Step 2: Think of y as the number in What number when multiplied by 2 is 20? the number is 10. Therefore, y = 10.
IV. Solving Linear Equations by using Flow Diagram
Example 1: Solve the equation x 3 = 10 using flow diagram.
x Subtract 3 10 Reversing the Flow 10 Add 3 13 x Thus, x = 13

Example 2: Solve the equation 2x + 3 = 7 using flow diagram.

x Multiply 2 Add 3 7 Reversing the Flow 7 Subtract 3 4 Divided by 2 2 x Thus, x = 2

Exercise 1. Solve each equation by using any of the four methods that have been discussed.

1. e + 2 = 10 e=___ 6. a + 7 = 22 a= ___ 11. 3x + 7 = 22 x = ___

2. 10 a = 8 a =___ 7. 32 v = 14 v = ___ 12. 29 3y = 14 y = ___
3. 2s = 14 s= ___ 8. 2e = 38 e = ___ 13. 5d + 13 = 48 d = ___
4. y+3=8 y= ___ 9. r + 16 = 64 r = ___ 14. 26y + 12 = 64 y = ___
5. 13 y = 1 y= ___ 10. 22 a = 6 a = ___ 15. 19 5x = 9 x = ___
Addition Property of Equality (APE)
If a, b, and c are real numbers, and if a = b, then a + c = b + c and a-c=b-c
Example 1: x4=7 (The variable must be the only thing left in LHS)
x-4+4=7+4 Applying Addition Property of Equality, we add both sides with 4 to eliminate 4 on the
LHS
x = 11 Ans.
Example 2: y + 9 = -13 (The variable must be the only thing left in LHS)
y + 9 - 9 = -13 - 9 Applying Addition Property of Equality, we add both sides with -9 to eliminate 9 n the LHS
x = -22 Ans.
Exercise 2. Solve each equation by using Addition Property of Equality

1. e + 2 = 10 e= 6. a - 7 = 22 a= ___ 11. x - 14 = 22 x = ___

2. 10 + a = 8 a= 7. 32 + v = 14 v = ___ 12. 4 + y = 14 y = ___
3. 2 + s = 14 s= 8. e - 8 = 22 e = ___ 13. d - 25 = 10 d = ___
4. y-5=8 y= 9. r + 16 = 64 r = ___ 14. y - 84 = 10 y = ___
5. 3-y=1 y= 10. 22 + a = 6 a = ___ 15. 19 + x = 9 x = ___

Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)

If a, b, and c are real numbers, where c 0, If a = b then a c = b c and

Example 1: 5x = -35 (The variable must be the only thing left in LHS)
1 1 1
(5) 5x = -35 (5) Applying multiplication Property of Equality, we multiply both sides with (5) to
eliminate 5 on the LHS
5 35
(5) x= ( 5 ) simplify
x = -7 Ans.
1
Example 2: 32
y = -4 (The variable must be the only thing left in LHS)
1
(32) 32
y = -4 (32) Applying multiplication Property of Equality, we multiply both sides with 32 to
1
eliminate 32 on the LHS
32
32
y = -4 32 simplify
y = -128 Ans.
Exercise 3. Solve each equation by using Multiplication Property of Equality. Express in lowest term if needed.

1. 5e = 15 e= ___ 1 11. 44x = 88 x = ___

6. 2
a=8 a= ___
2. 3a = 12 a = ___ 1
1 12. y = 30 y = ___
7. 7
v=2 v = ___ 5
3. 6s = 36 s= ___ 13. 32d = 50 d = ___
1
4. 8y = 8 y = ___ 8. e = 16 e = ___
2 14. 2y = 84 y = ___
5. 4y = 1 y = ___ 1
9. r = 15 r = ___ 1
3 15. x = 25 x = ___
1 2
10. a=3 a = ___
4

Exercise 4. Solve each equation by Apply both of APE and MPE. Tip: Use APE first before MPE.

1. 3e - 2 = 13 e= ___ 6. 2
-7=2 a= ___
11. 12
- 14 = 2 x = ___

2. 10 + 2a = 16 a = ___ 7. 32 + = 364
v = ___

12. 15 + = 18 7
y = ___
3. 2 + 3s = 23 s= ___ 8. -8=1 e = ___
3 13. d - 25 = 86 d = ___
4. 2y - 5 = 3 y = ___
9. + 16 = 21 r = ___ 14. y - 62 = 32 y = ___
5. 3 + 2y = 19 y = ___ 5

10. 22 + 4 = 27 a = ___ 15. 24 + 8 = 30 x = ___