Kiseisen Shingu-Miwasaki between coastal revetment stricken place survey results (draft)

Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Earth and General Engineering

1. Introduction

This report, West Japan Railway at the request of the Corporation, to investigate the disaster point
of coastal revetment between Kiseisen Shingu-Miwasaki that occurred in 2015 July and August, the
estimation of the disaster cause from the standpoint of coastal disaster prevention, countermeasure
confirmation of the effect, a summary about the way of the future of management. Survey date, survey
location is as follows.

(1) Survey date 2015 January 27,

(2) Survey location Shingu City, Wakayama Prefecture Prince months Hama (Kiseisen Shingu-
Miwasaki between 183k300m near the affected part)

The disaster point

Prince months beach

Kiseisen

(Fig.1)

2. Overview of the affected coast

Affected the coast (prince months beach), the coast extension is about 2.9km (extension of the coast and
the line are adjacent to each other about 1.7km) is, has become of them sandy beach about 2.1km, and
Pebble Beach about 0.8km ( Fig.2). Stricken place is a place of Pebble Beach, a diameter of about 15cm
about the seawall side, the shoreline around is there is a gravel having a diameter of about about 7cm.
Sakagawa adjacent to the affected place (3-way-covered rivers, river width 3m) was confirmed the gravel
of, since the shape is there is no round breccia are found here and there, rather than the conglomerate,
which has been flowing down from the mountains, we have moved from the coast considered to gravel.
Year-round, is about 30m from the seawall to the shoreline, changes in the shoreline is large, revetment in
the past have been reported cases of disaster in response to the scouring. It should be noted, is a sea turtle
spawning areas, are included in the designated place of Yoshino Kumano National Park, it is specified in
the coastal conservation area

3.

(0.8km)

(2.1km)

Overview of the seawall disaster

According to West Japan Railway Co., Ltd., a research result, the affected summary is as follows.

(1) September 1997, large-scale seawall back of the roadbed depression occurs due to the
influence of the high waves, as this disaster measures, about under basic steel sheet pile (bank
protection such as that shown in Figure .3 on the front of the existing seawall 6m) and was
constructed a seawall

Fig.3
 (2) 2015 July 17, gravel outflow that has been deposited on the shore under the influence of high
waves caused by Typhoon No. 11, seawall bottom receives a scouring, it is sucked out sediment seawall
rear, roadbed depression (line extension 11m , width 7m, depth 9m) has occurred. This was followed by
the emergency and recovery by backfilling by bottle nets and 1t sandbags.

(3) under the influence of high waves by 2015 August 22, Typhoon No. 16, the same roadbed
depression at the same point (line extension 10.4m, width 10m, depth 9m) has occurred. In addition to the
backfilling by bottle nets and 1t sandbags, it was ground improvement by the seawall back and chemical
liquid injection, etc. to the seawall bottom. It should be noted, the place is, because it is specified in the
coastal conservation area, wave-dissipating blocks and the like to the seawall front has not been
constructed.

4. Estimation of the disaster cause

From the submitted data from field survey results and West Japan Railway Co., Ltd., to consider
the topographical features and waves of movement of the point, to estimate the disaster cause.

(1) the event of a disaster is to pass through a typhoon the Kushimoto off the coast, as shown in
FIG .4, as shown in Fig .5, it is believed to have been swept a high wave from an oblique direction
(southerly) to the coast .

(2) The effect of this wave, gravel that has been deposited on the front of the affected the seawall,
as shown in FIG. .5, But moved to the northward (Shingu direction along the railway wayside of the
seawall), the affected places It is because it does not receive a supply of gravel from the south, coastal
embankments in the affected part is considered to have been locally erosion. In addition to this
phenomenon, by the force pulling back the waves rushed to the seawall, that gravel has moved off the
coast direction is also considered to have promoted the erosion of the beach of the seawall.

(3) due to the effects of beach erosion, bank protection of basic steel sheet pile (arranged in two
rows) is exposed, there wave collides with a large amount of energy, the strong by the return flow of the
seawall bottom gravel and the seawall back of the earth and sand is sucked out It is believed to have led to
the collapse. It should be noted that, since there is no facility of wave-dissipating blocks and the like to
the seawall front of the affected places, large impact force of the waves, and not the energy of the wave is
lost, the suction of the sediment also seawall back that retraction to force into the sea increases it is
possible that was promoted.
 (4) the place, as can be seen from the change situation of the beach of Fig .6 is very large terrain
variation of the beach is a Pebble Beach. The place is also from this it can be seen that have received very
large the influence of the wave (Fig .6 (c) ~ (g)).

5. Countermeasure

West Japan Railway Co., Ltd. In, as a disaster recovery of the place, was subjected to the
following measures.
 (1) cavity filling

As an emergency measure when the seawall disaster, so went the restoration by sandbags, the
cavity of the seawall back has been a concern. Mortar was injected as this cavity measures.

(2) sucking prevention

As the draft measures by scouring from under the steel sheet pile, with improved ground under
the steel sheet pile.

6. The future of the proposed measures

Based on the above findings, there is a take measures necessary, such as the following.

(1) coastal conservation measures

Of this disaster is to be understood to be rapid erosion by waves beach (Pebble Beach) it occurs
causing, in the disaster prevention line should be considered to preserve the beach First. However, coastal
conservation measures because it is to be performed by the Wakayama Prefecture, coast administrator, in
the conservation and management of the line, it is necessary take measures in cooperation with the
Wakayama Prefecture, coast administrator.

As a coastal conservation measures, it includes the following measures.

Hanaregantsutsumi

In order to weaken the wave force, intended to be built parallel to the shoreline in a little offshore
from the coast, there is an effect of depositing gravel in effect and offshore bank behind to reduce the
wave height of the offshore bank behind. However, the coast of sand that do not have established that and
offshore bank that it is necessary to take into account the impact on the landscape and fishing is moved to
the offshore bank direction, there is a case where a new erosion occurs. Among these, there is a latent
Tsutsumi and artificial reef as in consideration of the landscape.
 beach nourishment Engineering

Such a point where coastal erosion has occurred, and supplies the previously artificially gravel
from the outside, is intended to achieve preservation of the coast. Continuously there is a problem such
that it is necessary to supply the gravel.

wave-absorbing measures

In order to mitigate the impact of the waves acting on the seawall, a measures to set up a wave-
dissipating blocks and the like to the revetment front. There is a problem such as the landscape it is
necessary to consider.

the draft measures

In order to prevent the suction from the seawall, a measures to set up a futon basket, etc. to
revetment front. Although landscape it is necessary to take into account the, it is also conceivable to
consider the landscape a futon basket or the like is buried in the bottom of the beach.

(2) understanding of such beach change and shoreline change

Until the coast conservation measures are taken, it is important to grasp such as fluctuations in the
monitoring and beach topography of the place. For ensuring safety of railway operation, it is desirable to
consider the necessary measures in the railway operators of judgment.

Implementation of monitoring

Established a live camera or the like, it is effective to monitor the status and wave conditions of
beach.

grasp of beach change

By utilizing the on-board camera or a live camera, periodically grasp the change in the beach or
shoreline, it is effective to verify the disaster mechanisms that location. Changes in beaches and shoreline
is not only grasped by a camera or the like, it is more effective to keep out the regular quantitative survey.

Since the coastal change and shoreline change and the like is also when it has data even coastal
administrator, it is important to proceed in cooperation with the coast administrator.

7. Summary
 This time, from the materials, etc. that have been submitted by the results to investigate the site
affected by the disaster, and West Japan Railway Co., Ltd., due to the impact of the waves, the estimated
and taken was measures of disaster cause, summarizes the future of the proposed measures.

Disaster cause of this time, the place is a large susceptible places the impact of topographically
wave, is estimated to be due to variations in the big beach. Taken is to have disaster countermeasures, as
railway operators, although the measures to protect the railway facilities have been taken, those which can
not be said that sufficient measures as long as you do not take the coastal conservation measures. For
coastal conservation measures are those to be taken coast administrator, there is a need to proceed with
measures while taking the coast administrators and sufficient cooperation.