Machine Design

Dr. Mostafa Rostom A. Atia

Assistant Prof.
(Lec.1)
 Contents
Introduction
Strength of material
Engineering materials
Fits and tolerance
Design considerations
Threads
Fasteners
Power screw
Rivets
Welded joints
Keys and splines
Springs
Couplings
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Introduction
 Definition

Machine design is the art of creating a new

element or a group of mechanical elements to
perform a prescribed task independently or in
harmony with other elements.

This task may involve power transmission,

generation or dissipation, energy storage, load.
support, part or system protection or merely
appearance purposes.

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Design steps

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 Definition of problem
The function, of the element
Its geometric relation to other elements
The loads (static and. dynamic) imposed, on the element
the kind of environment temperature, humidity, dirt, corrosive elements, to
which the element will be subjected.
The stability of environmental conditions and how they would change
The required serviceable life of the element.
The available production means
The available materials and. their physical and mechanical properties.
The limits set on the production cost
The weight limitations, If any. Imposed. on the design.
Interchangeability of production units
The consequences or failure
The limits on probability of survival

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 Synthesis

The element configuration

The element material
The fabrication process
The safety margin
The degree of accuracy
The mode of failure

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 Analysis and optimization

Force analysis
Stress analysis
Deformation
Crack propagation
Heat transfer
Thermodynamics
Fluid mechanics
Weight analysis

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 Evaluation

Feasibility study
Cost
Availability
Costumer satisfaction

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 Presentation

Construction drawings
Shapes and proportions of components
Components proper location
Fits between components
Identification of components as number, size,
material, surface finish and process of
manufacturing when necessary.
Working drawings
Bill of material

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 Design considerations

Strength/stress Life
Distortion/deflection/stiffness Noise
Wear Styling
Corrosion Shape
Safety Size
Reliability Control
Friction Weight
Usability Surface
Utility Lubrication
Cost Marketability
Processing Maintenance
Thermal Properties Volume
Scrapping / recycling Liability
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 Codes and standards
A standard
is a set of specifications for parts, materials, or processes
intended to achieve uniformity, efficiency, and a specified
quality.
One of the important purposes of a standard is to place a limit
on the number of items in the specifications so as to provide a
reasonable inventory of tooling, sizes, shapes, and varieties.
A code
is a set of specifications for the analysis, design, manufacture,
and construction of something.
The purpose of a code is to achieve a specified degree of
safety, efficiency, and performance or quality.

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Some standard providers

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SI Base units

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Some SI derived units

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Preferred sizes and numbers

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