It is proposed to build 3.

0 Megawatts Capacity Mini-Hydroelectric Power Plant with two

operating units at 1.5 MW each.

Refer to Figure A-16, page 675, Power Plant Engineering by Frederick T. Morse:
For 1.5 MW or 1500 KW, 3-phase, 60 cycle synchronous generator, efficiency ( gen) at
300 rpm at full load is 95.4%

Turbine efficiency (T) at full load is 92%.

From Figure 9-15 of Sec.9.6.2 Efficiency-Load Relations for Reaction Turbine,
Adjustable-blade propeller type:

Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers , 14th Edition

Effective Head or Net Head (Hnet):

Discharge Capacity of the Storage with Two Operating Units is: Q = 7 m3 / s

P = 1.5 x 106 W
P = g Q Hnet T gen

Hnet = P
g Q T gen

1.5 x 106
Hnet =
103(9.81)(7)(0.92)(0.954)

Hnet = 24.90 m

Where:
density of water = 1000 kg/ m3
g gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/ s2
Q volume discharge = 7 m3 / s
Hnet net head
T turbine efficiency
gen generator efficiency

From Table 9-1 0f Sec. 9-4 Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers , 14 th Edition,
Type of turbine applicable is the adjustable-blade propeller type or Kaplan turbine.

Absolute Velocity of Water (V):

V = CV 2g Hnet

Formula 11.10 page 343, Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications

by Daugherty & Franzini, 6th edition
 Where: CV coefficient of velocity
- measure of the extent to which friction retards the jet velocity
of a real fluid.

For good nozzles with smooth walls, CV is usually from 0.97 0.99. (from Sec.
11.13 Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications by Daugherty & Franzini, 6 th
edition)

Using CV = 0.97,

V = 0.97 {2(9.81)(24.90)}

V = 21.44 m/sec

The absolute velocity of a body is its velocity relative to the earth.

Penstock Diameter (D)

Q = AV

Q = ( D2 / 4) V
1/2
D=[4Q/V]

D = [ 4(7) / (21.44) ] 1/2

D = 0.645 m

Where:
Q volume discharge
A Area of the penstock cross-section
V absolute velocity
D penstock diameter

Power Produced by the Turbine:

P = Pout / gen

P = [1.5 x 106 / 0.954]

P = 1,572,327 W = 1,572.33 KW

Specific Speed of the Turbine NS :

From Sec.9.5.1 Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers , 14th Edition

NS = NP
Hnet 5/4

NS = 3001572.33 KW
(24.9)5/4

NS = 214 rpm

Where: N relative speed, 300 rpm

P power output of the turbine in KW
Hnet net head in meter

For a specific speed of 100 to 250 rpm, use Kaplan Turbine

(See Sec.16.2 page 489 Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications by
Daugherty & Franzini, 6th edition)
(For the rotative speed, for practical engineering purposes it is customary to use
rpm for most hydraulic machinery.)