SKILLS BasePlate EN PDF

SKILLS Project
BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Design process for pinned and fixed column base joints

Base-plate resistance
Anchor bolt resistance
Concrete resistance
Weld resistance
Application of the component method to pinned and

fixed column base joint.
3
LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Pinned column base joint
Rigid column base joint
Application
Conclusion
4
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Typical pinned column base joint
Column
Grout
Base plate
Concrete foundation
Anchor bolt
6
INTRODUCTION
Typical fixed column base joint
Column
Base plate
Anchor bolts
Concrete foundation
7
INTRODUCTION
Analysis of the joint according to EN 1993-1-8
Joint is modelled by a typical components : T-stub
Two models for loadings :
Resistance in compression : T-stub in compression with concrete,
Resistance in tension : T-stub in tension (anchor bolts + base plate
+ column web).
FT,Rd FT,Rd
FT
leff
8
INTRODUCTION
Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1993-1-8 :
gM0 =1 : column web in tension, bending of the base-plate

gM2 =1,25 : Anchor bolts in tension/shear, weld resistance
Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1992-1-1 :
gC =1,5 : Concrete in compression, bond anchorage resistance
The national annexes may give indications
9
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Evaluation of the resistance in compression of T-stubs in

contact with concrete. EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5
Resistance in compression of the joint : association of
resistances of T-stubs in compression.
Concrete resistance reached : fjd

Fc,Rd
leff
fjd
beff
Web T-stub : Fc,bw,Rd
11 Flange T-stubs : Fc,fc,Rd

Foundation bearing strength EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5

fjd abf b j fcd EN 1992-1-1 6.7
Where:
abf coefficient which accounts for diffusion of concentrated
force within the foundation.
bj may be taken as 2/3 (see Note)
fcd Concrete design strength :
fck
fcd a cc
gc
fck Compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days
acc = 1
gc = 1,5
12
Expression of abf :
df eh eb
abf = min 1+ ; 1+2 ; 1+2 ; 3
max(hp ,bp ) hp bp
Note : bj = 2/3 if : em
50 mm
df
em min 0,2bp Axis x-x

0,2h eh
p
Axis y-y
eb
Strength of grout 0,2fcd
bp Axis z-z
Else : fjd fcd

hp
13
Resistance in compression of a T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 (6.4)

FC,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff Effective length of the T-stub
beff Effective width of the T-stub such as : beff t 2c
c Additional bearing width of the flange : F c,Rd
fyp
c tp c
3 fjdg M0 t
c
fyp Yield strength of base plate leff
gM0 =1 tp fjd
beff
14
Large and short projections : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5
t = tfc t = tfc or twc
beff beff
tp tp
fjd fjd
c c
bcc c
a) Short projection b) Large projection

Flange T-stub : Flange T-stub :
beff tfc c b c beff t fc 2c
Web T-stub :
beff t wc 2c
15
Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub :

Fc,fc,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff min bp ; bfc 2c

beff min c; hp hc /2 tfc min c; hc /2 tfc
beff beff
c c c
c c
tfc
leff bfc bp leff bfc bp
c c
hc hc
hp hp
Large projection Short projection

16
Resistance in compression of the web T-stub :

Fc,bw,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where:
leff hc 2tfc 2c 0
beff 2c twc
c
c c
leff
twc c
beff
c
tfc
hc
17
Resistance in compression of the joint : NC,Rd 2Fc,fc,Rd Fc,bw,Rd

NC,Rd fjd hcpbcp lcp bcp twc 2c
Where :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c c c
bcp min bp ; bfc 2c tfc

c
lcp hc 2tfc 2c 0 twc

bfc bp
c
hc
hp
18
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - RESISTANCE IN TENSION
Joint modelled by a T-stub (anchor bolts, base plate) in tension
Evaluation of the tensile resistance of the T-stub
6 possible failure modes :
Base plate/anchor bolts (modes 1, 2, 1-2 and 3)
Column web (mode 4) and weld
FT,Rd FT,1,Rd FFT,Rd

T,Rd
FT,Rd
leff b)
19
FT,1,Rd
Failure modes of base plate/anchor bolts
Mode 1 : Yielding of the base plate Mode 2 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1,Rd FT,1,Rd FT,2,Rd
FT,2,Rd
Prying
effect
Q Q
Q Q
Mode 1-2 : Yielding of the base plate Mode 3 : Failure of anchor bolts
FT,1-2,Rd FT,3,Rd
No prying
effect
FT,3,Rd FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd FT,4,Rd
20
Mode 4 : Yielding of the column web in tension
Rd FT,4,Rd
The prying effect has an influence on the choice of failure

modes.
Failure modes 1 and 2 are not possible without prying force
and are replaced by failure mode 1-2.
21
Prying effect and failure modes : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Prying effect Presence of prying effect Absence of prying effect
FT,1,Rd FT,Rd
FT,Rd FT,2,Rd
Deformation
Q Q
*
Condition Lb L *
b
Lb >L b
FT,1,Rd ; FT,2,Rd FT,1-2,Rd ; FT,3,Rd

Resistance of FT,Rd min FT,Rd min
the T-stub F ; F
T,3,Rd T,4,Rd F
T,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
F F
Anchor bolt elongation length : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Lb 8d em tp twa 0,5k
Where:
k
twa Thickness of the washer base plate tp
d Anchor bolt diameter grout em
Concrete
8d
23
Limit anchor bolt elongation length : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
3
8,8m As
Lb
*
leff,1tp3
Where:
As Tensile stress area of one anchor bolt
leff,1 Effective length : twc
leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc p/2
m
aw
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
Base plate tp
24
Effective lengths of the T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.6
Circular mechanism Non circular mechanism
e m m e
e m m e
Yield line
p
twc
leff,cp 2 m leff,nc 4m 1,25e
25
Resistance of modes 1 and 1-2: EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Failure mode Mode 1 Mode 1-2

FT,1,Rd FT,1-2,Rd
FT,1,Rd FT,2,Rd
Yielding of
m
the base
plate
Q Q
4Mpl,1,Rd 2Mpl,1,Rd
Resistance of FT,1,Rd FT,1-2,Rd
the T-stub m m
tp2 fyp
Where: Mpl,1,Rd mpl,Rdleff,1 ; mpl,Rd ; leff,1 =min leff,cp ; leff,nc
4g M0
FT,3,Rd 26 FT,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
Resistance of modes 2 and 3: EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.2
Failure mode Mode 2 Mode 3

FT,1,Rd
FT,2,Rd
FT,3,Rd
m e
Ft,Rd,anchor Ft,Rd,anchor Ft,Rd,anchor
Failure of
anchor bolts
Q Q
Resistance of 2Mpl,2,Rd 2nFt,Rd,anchor FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor

FT,2,Rd
the T-stub mn
Where: Mpl,2,Rd mpl,Rdleff,2 ; leff,2 =leff,nc ; n=min e; 1,25m

FT,3,Rd
F t,Rd,anchor Resistance of Fone anchor bolt
T,4,Rd 27
Tensile resistance of anchor bolts : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.12
1. Base plate
2. Grout
3. Concrete foundation
(a) Hook : bond resistance (b) Washer plate : No bond
28
Resistance of one anchor bolt, two failure modes:
Tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section, Ft,Rd,
Bond anchorage resistance, Ft,bond,Rd.
Ft,Rd,anchor min Ft,Rd ; Ft,bond,Rd
Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section :

0,9 fub As EN 1993-1-8 Table 3.4
Ft,Rd
g M2
Where:
fub Tensile strength of the anchor bolt EN 1993-1-8 Table 3.1
gM2 = 1,25
29
Bond anchorage resistance of a straight bolt :
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd
Where: Ft,Bond,Rd
d Nominal diameter of an anchor bolt
fbd Design bond strength :
If d < 32 mm : 0,36 f
fbd ck
gC lb
If d 32 mm : 0,36 fck 132 d
fbd
gc = 1,5 gC 100
fyb 600N /mm2

fyb : Yield strength of the anchor bolt.
30
Bond resistance of a bolt with a hook : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.6.12 (5)
dlb fbd
Ft,bond,Rd
0,7
Ft,Bond,Rd
Check that :
fyb 300N /mm2 lb
5d
90
31
Resistance of mode 4:
Failure mode Mode 4
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
Yielding of the column twc

web in tension
Resistance of the beff,t twc fy,wc

FT,4,Rd Ft,wc,Rd
T-stub g M0
Where:
f y,wc Yield strength of the column web
beff,t =leff,1 32
Weld resistance :
fu / 3
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
bwg M2
Where:
aw weld throat thickness of the web
bw correlation factor EN 1993-1-8 Table 4.1
fu nominal ultimate strength of the weaker joined part

lw,wb total effective length of the web welds
lw,eff,t =2leff,1 lw,wb
Final resistance of the joint in tension :

NT,Rd min FT,Rd ; Ft,w,Rd Nt,Ed
33
PINNED COLUMN BASE JOINT - SHEAR RESISTANCE
Three ways to transmit shear force to concrete block :
Friction resistance between base plate and concrete (compression),
Shear of anchor bolts (compression/tension),
Use of shear nibs (important tension force).
34
Design friction resistance : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (6)
Ff,Rd Cf,dNc,Ed
Where:
N c,Ed Compression force
C f,d Coefficient of friction Axial force Nc,Ed
For sand-cement mortar :
Shear force
C f,d 0,2 VEd<0,2Nc,Ed
Friction
eh
35
hp
Shear resistance of an anchor bolt: EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (7)
abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
Where:
fyb Yield strength of the anchor bolt
abc 0,44 0,0003 fyb and 235 N/mm2 fyb 640 N/mm2
Fvb,Rd
36
Shear resistance in presence of compression : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.2 (8)
Addition of friction resistance and shear resistance of anchor bolts :
Fv,Rd Ff,Rd nFvb,Rd VEd

Where:
n Number of anchor bolts
Axial force Nc,Ed
Shear force
VEd
Friction
Shear of anchor
bolts
37
eh
Shear resistance in presence of tension :
VEd Nt,Ed
1
nFvb,Rd 1,4FT,Rd
Where:
FT,Rd Tensile resistance of the T-stub in tension
Axial force Nt,Ed
Shear force
VEd
Shear of anchor
bolts
38
eh
Shear resistance of welds (in compression) :
Vw,Rd fvw,d a lw,eff VEd
Where: fvw,d fu / 3
bwg M2
lw,eff total effective length of the welds in the direction of shear
a weld throat thickness in the direction of shear
Check of the shear resistance of welds (in tension) :

2 2
Nt,Ed VEd
Fw,Ed fvw,d a
lw,eff,t lw,eff
39
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INTRODUCTION
Calculation of the bending resistance and initial rotational
stiffness in presence of axial force :
Mj,Ed
Nj,Ed Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
Mj,Rd
j,Ed
Sj,ini j,Ed
Initial rotational stiffness :

Mj,Ed
S j,ini
j,Ed
41
Application of the component method :
Nj,Ed Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
FT Fc
j,Ed
Mode 2
Mcanisme partiel et
rupture des tiges
T-stub in tension : T-stub in compression :
FT,2,Rd =(2Mpl, 2, Rd +nFt, Rd)/(m +n)
FT FC
Tronon en T
comprim
Aire de rpartition m e
uniforme de pression
entre la platine et son leff
appui
beff
42
Lever arms :
Tensile force positioned at the centre of anchor bolts,
Compression force at the centre of the column flange.
hc
Bending moment :
Mj,Ed zCFC zTFT
Mj,Ed
Bending resistance : resistance
tfc
reach on a T-stub.
FC FC,Rd or FT FT,Rd zT zC
FT FC
43
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- BENDING RESISTANCE
Bending resistance depend on eccentricity : e Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
N
Nj,Ed Nj,Rd
Dominant tensile force : Dominant compression force :
0 eN zT zC eN 0
Nj,Rd Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd Mj,Rd
zT zT zC zC
FT
FT,Rd FC FC,Rd
2 T-stubs in tension 2 T-stubs in compression

44
Dominant bending moment : eN zT or eN zC

Joint composed of a tensile part and a compressive part :
Resistance reaches in one these parts,
Nj,Rd Nj,Rd
Mj,Rd Mj,Rd
zT zC zT zC
FT,Rd FC FT FC,Rd
T-stub in tension critical T-stub in compression critical

45
Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 (6.4)
FC,Rd fjdbeff leff
Where: FC,Rd
leff min bp ; bfc 2c
hc hp hc
beff min c , t fc t fc min c ,
2 2
fyp leff
c tp beff
3 fjdg M0 c c
c
tfc
twc
leff
bfc bp
beff c
hc
hp
46
Resistance of the tensile part of the joint (2 anchor bolts):
Analysis of the resistance of an equivalent T-stub :
FT,Rd
EN 1993-1-8 Figure 6.10
Same calculation as for pinned column base joint:

Different effective length, leff
Replace m by mx, e by ex in resistance of T-stub
47
Effective lengths of the T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.6
Circular mechanism Non circular mechanism
2 mx 4mx 1,25ex
2m 0,625e w /2
leff,cp min mx w x x
leff,nc min
m 2e
x 2mx 0,625ex e
bp /2
e w
ex
bp mx
48
Lever arm Bending resistance Mj,Rd
Loading
z for a given value of eN
Nj,Ed < 0 and 0 eN +zC Nj,Ed < 0 and-zC eN 0

Dominant
z = zC + zC
compression force FC,Rd z FC,Rd z
The smaller of and
zC / eN 1 zC / eN 1
Nj,Ed > 0 and 0 eN +zT Nj,Ed > 0 and -zT eN 0

Dominant tension
z = zT + zT
force FT,Rd z FT,Rd z
The smaller of and
zT / eN 1 zT / eN 1
Nj,Ed 0 Nj,Ed 0
Dominant bending and eN > +zT or eN < - zT and eN < - zC or eN > zC
z = zT + zC
moment FC,Rd z FT,Rd z
The smaller of and
zT / eN 1 zC / eN 1
Mj,Ed > 0 is clockwise, Nj,Ed > 0 is tension. Mj,Ed Mj,Rd
eN Table 6.7
Nj,Ed Nj,Rd
49
FIXED COLUMN BASE JOINT- INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS
EN 1993-1-8
The column base joint can be classified rigid :
(2) 5.2.2.5
for frames where the bracing system reduces the
horizontal displacement by at least 80% :
- if 0 0,5
- if 0,5 0 3,93 and
S j,ini 72 20 1 EIc / Lc
- if 3,93 0 and S j,ini 48EIc / Lc
30EIc
Otherwise : S j,ini
Lc
Where :
Lc : storey height of the column,
Ic : second moment of area of the column,
0 : slenderness of the column in which both ends are
assumed to be pinned.
50
Otherwise the column base joint is semi-rigid :

Joint model by a rotational stiffener in the global analysis :
Rotational stiffener
Sj Sj
Sj Sj,ini if Mj,Ed 2Mj,Rd /3
Sj,ini
Sj if 2Mj,Rd /3 Mj,Ed Mj,Rd

(1,5Mj,Ed / Mj,Rd ) ; 2,7
51
Model for the calculation of the initial rotational stiffness :

Tensile and compressive parts modelled by axial stiffener.
Initial rotational stiffness : Mj,Ed
S j,ini
j,Ed
Nj,Ed Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
j,Ed
FC
j,Ed
kT kC
zT zC
52
Stiffness of compressive part of the joint EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11

Ec leff beff
kC k13
1,275E
Where:
leff Effective length of the T-stub,
beff Effective width of the T-stub,
Ec Elastic modulus of concrete (see EN 1992-1-1),
E Elastic modulus of steel.
FC
Flange c
Concrete
53 Contact between flange and concrete

Stiffness of the tensile part of the joint EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11

Depends on the presence or absence of prying effect.
Presence of prying effect : Absence of prying effect :
Lb L
*
b
Lb >L*b
FT FT
B B B B
T T
Q Q
54
Stiffness of the tensile part in presence of prying effect :

1
kT EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
1 1

k15 k16
k16 : stiffness coefficient of anchor bolts in tension :

As
k16 1,6
Lb
k15 : stiffness coefficient of base plate in bending under tension :

0,85 leff tp3
k15
m3
55
Stiffness of the tensile part in absence of prying effect :

1
kT EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11
1 1

k15 k16
k16 : stiffness coefficient of anchor bolts in tension :

As
k16 2
Lb
k15 : stiffness coefficient of base plate in bending under tension :

0,425 leff tp3
k15
m3
56
Rotational stiffness depend on the eccentricity : Mj,Ed

eN
Nj,Ed
Dominant tensile force : Dominant compression force :
0 eN zT zC eN 0
Nj,Ed Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed Mj,Ed
FT,1
j,Ed FT,2 FC,1 FC,2
j,Ed
kT kT
zT zT kC kC
zC zC
2 T-stubs in tension 2 T-stubs in compression

57
Dominant bending moment : eN zT or eN zC

Joint composed of a tensile and compressive part :
Nj,Ed
Mj,Ed
FT
FC
j,Ed
kT kC
zT zC
58
Lever arm Initial rotational stiffness Sj,ini
Loading
z for a given value of eN
Nj,Ed < 0 and 0 eN +zC Nj,Ed < 0 and-zC eN 0

Dominant
z = zC + zC
compression force E z 2 kC
Sj,ini
2
Nj,Ed > 0 and 0 eN +zT Nj,Ed > 0 and -zT eN 0

Dominant tension
z = zT + zT
force E z 2 kT
Sj,ini
2
Nj,Ed 0 Nj,Ed 0
and eN > +zT or eN < - zT and eN < - zC or eN > zC
Dominant bending zC kC -z T kT
z = zT + zC E z2 1 ek =
moment S j,ini kT +kC
1 1 1 ak
e
kC kT ak = k
eN
Mj,Ed > 0 is clockwise, Nj,Ed > 0 is tension.
eN
Mj,Ed Table 6.12
Nj,Ed
59
APPLICATION
APPLICATION PRESENTATION OF THE EXAMPLE
Detail of the joint and the concrete block
Axial force : NEd Column : IPE 450 in S235
Base plate 48022010 in S235

Shear force Vz,Ed
Grout of 30 mm thickness
Concrete class C25/30
lb=400mm
df=500mm
Anchor bolts M24 class 4.6
Axis x-x
eh
Axis y-y
eb
400 bp=220 Axis z-z
hp =480
800
61
Detail of the joint
15 10
14,7
2 anchor bolts M24 225
Class 4.6
9,4
225
190
15
Flange weld : 6 mm
40 140 40
e m 60,8 40
Web weld : 4 mm
62
Load Case 1 (compression) :
Nc,Ed = 85 kN
Vz,Ed = 35 kN
1-1 Check the resistance in compression

1-2 Check the shear resistance
Load Case 2 (tension) :

NT,Ed = 8,86 kN
Vz,Ed = 17,5 kN
2-1 Check the resistance in tension

2-2 Check the shear resistance
63
APPLICATION 1-1 RESISTANCE IN COMPRESSION
Concrete (C25/30) design strength :
fck
fcd a cc
gc
25
fcd 1 16,7 MPa
1,5 50 mm

The value of bj is equal to 2/3, as : em 30 mm min 0,2 bp
0,2 h
p
Coefficient abf :
df eh
eb
abf = min 1+ ; 1+2 ; 3
1+2 ;
max(h ,b )
p p hp
bp
800 480 400 220
abf min 1
500

; 1
; 1 , 3 1,67
480 480 220
64
Foundation bearing strength :
fjd abf b j fcd
fjd 1,67 2/3 16,7 18,6 MPa
Additional bearing width of the flange :

fyp
c tp
3 fjd g M0
235
c 10 20,5 mm
3 18,6 1,0
65
Geometrical parameter :
hcp min hp ; hc 2c min 480;450 2 20,5 480 mm
bcp min bp ; bfc 2c min220;190 2 20,5 220 mm
Short projection
lcp hc 2tfc 2c 450 2 14,7 2 20,5 379,6 mm 0
Resistance in compression of the column base joint :

NC,Rd fjd hcp bcp lcp bcp twc 2c
18,6 480 220 379,6 220 9,4 2 20,5 /1000
766,6 kN
66
Check of the resistance in compression:
NC,Rd 766,6 kN Nc,Ed 85 kN
hc = 450
bc =15 20,5 bc =15
c
twc = 9,4
tfc= c
bfc =190 14,7 leff = 220
c
c= 20,5
c
beff
hp = 480
67
APPLICATION 1-2 SHEAR RESISTANCE (CASE 1)
Friction resistance :
Ff,Rd C f,dNc,Ed
Ff,Rd 0,2 85 17 kN
Shear resistance of one anchor bolt :
abc fub As
Fvb,Rd
g M2
(0,44 0,0003 240) 400 353
Fvb,Rd 41,6 kN
1,25 10 3
Shear resistance of the joint

Fv,Rd Ff,Rd nFvb,Rd
Fv,Rd 17 2 41,6 100,2 kN
68
Shear resistance of welds :
fu / 3
Vw,Rd a lw,eff
b wg M2
lw,eff 2 450 2 14,7 2 21 757,2 mm
360 / 3
Vw,Rd 4 757,2/1000 629,5 kN
0,8 1,25
Check of the shear resistance :
Vz,Rd min Fv,Rd ; Vw,Rd 100,2 kN Vz,Ed =35kN
69
APPLICATION 2-1 RESISTANCE IN TENSION (CASE 2)
Length m :
m p /2 twc /2 0,8 2a w
(140-9,4)
m= -0,8 2 4 = 60,8 mm
2
Effective lengths and mechanisms :

leff,cp =2 m Web weld :
4 mm
leff,cp =2 (60,8)=381,9 mm
leff,nc =4m+1,25e
leff,nc =460,8+1,2540=293,1 mm 140
40 40
Effective lengths of mode 1 and 2 :

leff,1 min leff,cp ; leff,nc 293,1 mm e m 60,8 40
leff,2 leff,nc 293,1 mm
70
Presence of prying effect?
Limit anchor bolt elongation length :
8,8m3 As
L
*
b
leff,1tp3
8,8 60,83 353
L
*
2382 mm
293,1 10
b 3
Anchor bolt elongation length :

Lb 8d em tp twa 0,5k
Lb 8 24 30 10 5 0,5 22 248 mm Lb* 2382 mm
Prying effect develops and failure modes 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be

considered.
71
Bending resistance of the base plate (per unit length) :
tp2 fyp
mpl,Rd
4 g M0
102 235
mpl,Rd 5,87kN.mm/mm
4 1,0 10 3
Bending resistances of the base plate

Mode 1 :
Mpl,1,Rd leff,1 mpl,Rd 293,1 5,87 1722 kN.mm
Mode 2 :
Mpl,2,Rd leff,2 mpl,Rd 293,1 5,87 1722 kN.mm
72
Resistance of one anchor bolt in tension
Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section:
0,9 fub As
Ft,Rd
g M2
0,9 353 400
Ft,Rd 101,6 kN
1,25 10 3
Design bond strength :

0,36 fck
fbd
gC
0,36 25
fbd 1,2 MPa
1,5
73
Design bond anchorage resistance:
Ft,bond,Rd dlb fbd
Ft,bond,Rd 24 400 1,2/1000 36,2 kN
Ft,Bond,Rd
Design anchor bolt resistance :
Ft,Rd,anchor min Ft,Rd ; Ft,bond,Rd 36,2 kN

lb = 400 mm
74
Resistance in tension of the T-stub : modes 1 and 2
FT,1,Rd
FT,1,Rd = 113,3 kN
FT,2,Rd =62,9kN
FT,2,Rd
Ft,Rd,anchor m e
Form of the m
mode
Q Q
Q Q
4Mpl,1,Rd 2Mpl,2,Rd 2nFt,Rd,anchor

FT,1,Rd FT,2,Rd
m mn
Resistance of 4 1722 2 1722 40 2 36,2
the T-stub FT,1,Rd 113,3 kN FT,2,Rd 62,9 kN
60,8 60,8 40
n = min (e ; 1,25m) = min (40 ; 1,25 60,8) = 40 mm

FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd
75
Resistance in tension of the T-stub : modes 3 and 4
FT,3,Rd
F FT,4,Rd = 647,5 kNFT,4,Rd
T,3,Rd=72,4 kN
Ft,Rd,anchor Ft,Rd,anchor
Form of the twc
mode
beff,ttwc fy,wc
FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor FT,4,Rd
g M0
Resistance of FT,3,Rd 2 36,2 72,4 kN
293,1 9,4 235
the T-stub FT,4,Rd 647,5 kN
1 10 3
beff,t = leff,1 = 293,1 mm

76
Resistance of the equivalent T-stub in tension:
FT,Rd min FT,1,Rd ; FT,2,Rd ; FT,3,Rd ; FT,4,Rd 62,9 kN
Weld resistance :
fu / 3
Ft,w,Rd lw,eff,taw
b wg M2
360 / 3
Ft,w,Rd 293,1 2 4 487 kN
0,8 1,25 1000
Check of the resistance of the joint in tension :

NT,Rd min FT,Rd ; Ft,w,Rd 62,9 kN Nt,Ed 17 kN
77
Check of the shear resistance of bolts :
VEd Nt,Ed 17,5 8,86
0,31 1
nFvb,Rd 1,4NT,Rd 2 41,6 1,4 62,9
Check of the shear resistance of weld :

2 2
Nt,Ed VEd

l

l
f
vw,d a 1?
w,eff,t w,eff
360 / 3
2 2
8,86 17,5
2 293,1 757,2 4 0,033 1
0,8 1,25
78
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Design methods, based on EC3 and EC2, are presented to

check the resistance of pinned column base joint for
different internal forces (compression/tension/shear).
The bending resistance and initial rotation stiffness of rigid

column base joint are determined considering T-stubs in
tension and compression.
These methods are based on the component method of EN

1993-1-8. The different components are: anchor bolts in
tension and/or shear, bending of base plate, base plate in
compression with concrete, welds.
80
REFERENCES
REFERENCES
EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures Part 1-1:
General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 1-1:

General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-8 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 1-8:

Design of joints.
82

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BASE PLATE CONNECTIONS

Design process for pinned and fixed column base joints

Application of the component method to pinned and

Pinned column base joint

Rigid column base joint

gM0 =1 : column web in tension, bending of the base-plate

Recommended partial safety factors according to EN 1992-1-1 :

gC =1,5 : Concrete in compression, bond anchorage resistance

The national annexes may give indications

Evaluation of the resistance in compression of T-stubs in

Concrete resistance reached : fjd

11 Flange T-stubs : Fc,fc,Rd

Foundation bearing strength EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5

em min 0,2bp Axis x-x

Else : fjd fcd

Resistance in compression of a T-stub : EN 1993-1-8 (6.4)

Large and short projections : EN 1993-1-8 6.2.5

t = tfc t = tfc or twc

a) Short projection b) Large projection

Resistance in compression of a flange T-stub :

leff bfc bp leff bfc bp

Large projection Short projection

Resistance in compression of the web T-stub :

Resistance in compression of the joint : NC,Rd 2Fc,fc,Rd Fc,bw,Rd

bcp min bp ; bfc 2c tfc

lcp hc 2tfc 2c 0 twc

FT,Rd FT,1,Rd FFT,Rd

FT,3,Rd FT,3,Rd FT,4,Rd FT,4,Rd

The prying effect has an influence on the choice of failure

Prying effect Presence of prying effect Absence of prying effect

FT,1,Rd ; FT,2,Rd FT,1-2,Rd ; FT,3,Rd

leff,cp 2 m leff,nc 4m 1,25e

Failure mode Mode 1 Mode 1-2

Failure mode Mode 2 Mode 3

Resistance of 2Mpl,2,Rd 2nFt,Rd,anchor FT,3,Rd 2Ft,Rd,anchor

Where: Mpl,2,Rd mpl,Rdleff,2 ; leff,2 =leff,nc ; n=min e; 1,25m

(a) Hook : bond resistance (b) Washer plate : No bond

Design tensile resistance of the anchor bolt section :

fyb 600N /mm2

Yielding of the column twc

Resistance of the beff,t twc fy,wc

fu nominal ultimate strength of the weaker joined part

Final resistance of the joint in tension :

Fv,Rd Ff,Rd nFvb,Rd VEd

Axial force Nt,Ed

Check of the shear resistance of welds (in tension) :

Initial rotational stiffness :

2 T-stubs in tension 2 T-stubs in compression

Dominant bending moment : eN zT or eN zC

T-stub in tension critical T-stub in compression critical

EN 1993-1-8 Figure 6.10

Same calculation as for pinned column base joint:

Nj,Ed < 0 and 0 eN +zC Nj,Ed < 0 and-zC eN 0

Nj,Ed > 0 and 0 eN +zT Nj,Ed > 0 and -zT eN 0

Otherwise the column base joint is semi-rigid :

Model for the calculation of the initial rotational stiffness :

Stiffness of compressive part of the joint EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11

53 Contact between flange and concrete

Stiffness of the tensile part of the joint EN 1993-1-8 Table 6.11

Presence of prying effect : Absence of prying effect :

Stiffness of the tensile part in presence of prying effect :