BrainStorming

One of the most widely used and effective creativity techniques is the
"Brainstorming", where the ideas are given in a working group and its
different variants. This technique is recommended in many cases and can
combine is with others many. It began in the field of enterprises, applying to
varied issues such as productivity, the need to find new ideas and solutions
for the products on the market, find new methods that develop creative
thinking at all levels. But soon is extended also to the field academic to
create courses specific to develop her creativity.

The Brainstorming, as we have said, is a creativity technique, and as such

its fundamental objective is to devise a solution to a specific problem, or
improve existing solutions.

It allows us:

- Raise and solve existing problems

- Raise possible causes
- Present alternative solutions
- Develop creativity
- Discuss new concepts
- Overcoming conformism and monotony

Steps to make a BrainStorming:

Definition of objectives
Set the objectives of the meeting, types of objectives, which are have
of achieve.
The choice of participants
the effectiveness of a meeting depends on the participants. It would
have look if the people are compatible.
Plan the development of the meeting
It is defined in the order of the day that is a development of the
issues that is addressed.
Organization of the meeting material
Documents preparation room annexes aspects: bottle water, paper,
pens... Make a reminder of it call ensure you that will attend.
Pareto

The Pareto Diagram is a simple and graphic method of analysis that allows
to discriminate between the most important causes of a problem (the few
and vital) and those that are less (the many and trivial).

The advantages of the Pareto Diagram can be summarized in:

It allows you to focus on the aspects whose improvement will have

the most impact, thus optimizing the efforts.

Provides a simple and quick overview of the relative importance of

problems.

It helps to prevent some causes from getting worse when trying to

solve others and to be resolved.

Your graphical view of the analysis is easy to understand and

encourages the team to continue with the improvement.

The steps to follow for the development of a Pareto diagram are.

1. Select the data to be analyzed, as well as the period of time to which the
data are referred.

2. Group the data by categories, according to a specific criterion.

3. Tabulate the data.

4. Draw the Pareto diagram.

5. Represent the corresponding bar graph which, on the horizontal axis, will
also appear in descending order.

6. Outline the cumulative curve.

You draw a point that represents the total of each category. After connecting
these points a polygonal line will be formed.
7. Identify the diagram, labeling it with data such as: title, performance
date, period studied, ...

8. Analyze the Pareto diagram.

Ishikawa

The diagram of cause-effect is known also as the "diagram of them thorns of

fish" by the form that has or with the name of Ishikawa by its creator, was
developed for facilitate the analysis of problems through the representation
of the relationship between an effect and all their causes or factors that
originate said effect, by this reason receives the name of "diagram of cause-
effect" or diagram causal.

Their applications are very varied, as it is shown below;

Identify the true causes, and not only their symptoms, of a given
situation and group them by categories.
Summarize all those relationships between the causes and effects of
a process.
To promote the improvement of the processes.
Consolidate those ideas of the team members about certain activities
related to quality.
To also favor the thinking of the team, which will lead to a greater
contribution of ideas.
Obtain a more global and structured view of a given situation since an
identification of a set of basic factors has been done.

In order to correctly perform a Cause-Effect Diagram, the following steps are

outlined:

Clearly define the effect whose causes are to be identified and put in
writing
Draw a long horizontal arrow and place the previously defined effect
on the tip.
Identify the primary factors through a brainstorm. Place them around
the horizontal arrow and attach them to these by inclined lines.
Write the secondary, tertiary factors, etc., also through a brainstorm.
 To help determine the possible causes you can answer the following
questions, Who? What? Where? When? How? How much?
Analyze and select the actual causes.
Prove the validity of the causal sequence, that is, starting from the
root cause follow the reasoning until the effect investigated and check
that it makes logical sense.