Study Guide for Unit 4: Hydrology KEY Name____________________

1. Label the
features of
the ocean
floor by
stating the
name of
each letter
below:

A. Continental shelf G. rift valley

B. Continental slope H. mid-ocean ridge
C. Continental rise I. ocean trench
D. abyssal plain K. volcanic island
F. sea mount

2. Which feature listed above shows what a sea mount will become after years of volcanic
activity? volcanic island
3. Complete the sentences: What percentage of all of Earths water is.
a. salt water (ocean water)? 97%
b. fresh water? 3%
c. fresh and frozen in ice caps and glaciers? 2%
d. fresh and liquid in rivers and lakes? 1%
4. About what percentage of Earths surface is covered with water? 70%
5. Circle one: True or False : The total amount of water on Earth constantly changes.

6. Label and describe each part of the water cycle as shown to the right.
A. evaporation is when water goes from a liquid
state to a gaseous state.
_________________________________________
B. condensation is when water goes from a
gaseous state to a liquid state. It appears as a
cloud.
_________________________________________
C. precipitation is when water falls back to earth
as rain, sleet, hail or snow.
_________________________________________
D. runoff is when water moves from the land to a reservoir such as the ocean, or a river.
_________________________________________
7. What energy source that causes the water cycle to continue? the Sun
8. What is transpiration? when water is expelled as a gas out of a plant. Can be described as
evaporation but out of a plant.

9. Label each part of the wave shown.

A. wave height
B. wave length
C. trough
D. crest
10. What causes waves?
wind
11. Describe what happens to the following types of water. Use the terms rise, sink, more dense
and less dense.
Water that is colder than its surroundings: is more dense and sinks
_____________________________________________________________________________
Water that is warmer than its surroundings: is less dense and rises
_____________________________________________________________________________
12. What is the Coriolis Effect? the bending of wind and ocean currents due to the rotation
of the earth
13. What is a current? the continuous flow of water, like river of moving water in the ocean
14. List the 4 things that control surface ocean currents: 1. Global winds
2. the Coriolis Effect 3. Continental Deflection 4. Temperature
15. Deep ocean currents are caused by density which is affected by temperature and salinity.
16. What is a tide? the continuous rise and fall of Earths oceans and large seas
17. What causes tides? the gravity of the Moon and the Sun pulling on the water
18. Why does the Moon have a greater effect on tides than the Sun? the Moon is smaller, but
a lot closer
19. How often do each of the following occur?
High tides happen twice each day. Low tides happen twice each day.
Spring tides happen twice each month. Neap tides happen twice each month.
Label each of the following diagrams and their parts.
20. This is a Neap Tide. 21. This is a Spring Tide.

At 1 and 3 there are high tides. At 1 and 3 there are low tides.
At 2 and 4 there are low tides. At 2 and 4 there are high tides.
There is the least difference There is the greatest difference
between high and low tides. between high and low tides.