Beyond Time and Space

Beyond
Time and Space

The Beyond Series
By Dr. Chuck Missler
Beyond Time and Space
Part of The Beyond Series
Copyright 2016 Koinonia House Inc.
Published by Koinonia House
P.O. Box D
Coeur dAlene, ID 83816-0347
www.khouse.org
ISBN: 978-1-57821-651-2
All Rights Reserved.

No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form
whatsoever without the written permission of the Publisher.
All Scripture quotations are from the King James Version

of the Holy Bible.
Table of Contents
Ch. 1: The Boundaries of Reality . . . . . . . . . . 1
Paradoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Ch. 2: The Nature of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Linear v. Nonlinear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Special Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Special Relativity and Time Dilation . . . . 11
Atomic Clocks and Relativity . . . . . . . . . 16
General Relativity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Ch. 3: Hyperspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The Fabric of Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
The Stretch Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Hyperdimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Lower Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Ch. 4: Our Digital Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Our Digital World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Ch. 5: A World Made For Man . . . . . . . . . . 47
A World Designed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Ch. 6: Nonlinearities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Our Nonlinear Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
From Hot to Cold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Black Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
The Arrow of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The Law of Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Zero-Point Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The Speed of Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Changing Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Dimensionless Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Ch. 7: The God Outside of Time . . . . . . . . 77
Biblical Nonlinearities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Prophesies Fulfilled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Our Prophetic Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
The God Outside Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Our Own Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
1
Chapter 1
The Boundaries of Reality
Time and Space.

A physicist will never use either one of those
terms separately, because they are connected,
woven together like two pieces of the same fabric.
When one expands, the other contracts, stretching
and pulling against each other in a manner that
can be penciled out by mathematicians but not so
easily portrayed in our everyday life.
We directly experience time and three
space dimensions (length, width and height),
but additional dimensions exist past the ones
we see with our physical eyes. We sense they are
there, but we can no more directly touch them
than Charlie Brown can reach out and poke
the person reading his comic strip. We cant feel
those additional dimensions with our fingers,
but they affect us. They affect us in more ways
than we can imagine.
This book is the first in a series, the introduction
of our exploration of the nature of reality. In the
next book, Beyond Coincidence, we will consider
the miracles of life - the many tiny details of the
2 Beyond Time and Space
physical world that have been precisely balanced

so that we can exist. In Beyond Perception we
will dive into the quantum world, investigating
exciting discoveries at the smallest levels of reality.
Finally, in Beyond Newton we will move from the
smallest to the largest: space, where we consider
the burning questions of physics: does dark matter
really exist, what is zero point energy and how does
magnetized plasma explain our observations of the
universe? Throughout all of these investigations,
we find the brilliant engineering of the One who
spoke it all into being.
In this study, were going to explore the
implications of Einsteins theories of relativity.
Well examine the physics and then delve into the
ways his breakthrough ideas tie in with what the
Bible says about our destiny.
Paradoxes
We live in a multi-dimensional universe.
We make errors in our lives because we tend
to look at this world with a linear mentality,
forgetting that our reality is not a simple straight
line. We constantly encounter paradoxes that
can only be explained by looking past the three-
dimensions we can see with our physical eyes.
Where mysteries reside, metaphors must reign.
We run into questions we cant easily untangle,
and we do our best to make sense of them
using familiar concepts and mental pictures.
The Boundaries of Reality 3
Metaphors give us ready assistance in wrestling with

the multitude of apparent paradoxes that can
confuse us.
One of the most common paradoxes
contemplated by philosophers and scientists alike
is that of fate versus free will. Are we the victims
of fate? Does God have our destinies planned
out in advance, or do we truly make our own
decisions? Are our lives predetermined by the
chemical interactions in our brains and bodies,
inextricably linked with the chemical interactions
of the multitudes of other lifeforms on our planet?
Do we have real freedom of choice, or are our
decisions etched in stone long before?
We face a real conundrum when we consider
the matter of fate versus free will. The Scriptures
seem to acknowledge both. Yes, God has plans
and purposes for us, things He has determined in
advance for us. And, yes, we are held responsible
for the choices we make. Yes we have a free
will, we have the power to create and destroy,
to rescue and to devastate in real, lasting ways.
Yet we are predestined to accomplish certain goals.
That sounds like a paradox, but only when
viewed from within the constraints of the Time
dimension. When we stop looking at the world
linearly, we find that the paradox evaporates.
To understand these things, we need a better
grasp of time itself.
5
Chapter 2
The Nature of Time
We think of time as the measurement of days,

hours and seconds. Its what allows us to meet
our friends at the caf or start work and school
in unison. We grow into adults if we are given
enough time, and we might get the chance to grow
old if we use it wisely. Its more than a mere idea,
however: time is a physical property. Thats not an
obvious concept, but its profoundly important to
understand. We dont live our daily lives in three
dimensions, but in four. This is why physicists
always speak of space-time as a single term;
space and time are inextricably tied together.
The discoveries of physics during the past two
centuries have given us insights not enjoyed by the
generations of Bible scholars that went before us.
The geometry of eternity is not a simple timeline
down which we can run our fingers. Time is not
linear and absolute, but - like space - it can flex.
It can be stretched and contracted. This is why we
often hear the metaphor, the fabric of space-time.
What we once thought of as a ruler is more like
a rubber band.
Linear v. Nonlinear
In school we learned about the geometry of
triangles. We were taught that the angles of a
triangle add up to 180o. Whether its equilateral or
isosceles or scalene, the angles of a triangle always
add up to 180o, and we can use that knowledge to
compute unknown angles and other information
from the known measurements we have.
Trigonometry
30 45
60 45
90 90
30 180 45 180
90 45
90 60
Lets suppose, however, that my son Mark

and I go out to Kansas where there are large
fields, and we lay out a triangle and measure the
angles and discover that these angles add up to
195o. We frown and go around and measure all
the angles again, and we find the same result.
The Nature of Time 7
What happened? You might laugh and say, Well,

thats what wed expect from anything we send
Chuck and Mark to do. Theres another answer,
though. It may be our angles truly do add up to
195o. How? Doesnt that break the rules? No,
because were no longer dealing with a flat piece
of paper, but with the curvature of the earth.
The equation we learned in grade school only
applies to a two-dimensional plane, and the rules
change when we start adding more dimensions.
Out there in Kansas, the curvature of the earth
is discernible at the size of the fields we were
measuring, and Mark and I realize we need to take
another approach to take into account the three
dimensions of the earths surface.
90
>180
90
90
I entered the Naval Academy as a young

man, and as I studied the globe and navigation,
I quickly discovered triangles of more than 180o.
Its possible to find a triangle on the planet Earth
that has 90o in each corner. This greater-than-180o
set of measurements indicates a convex surface,
a rounded surface like the lens on the surface
of your eyeball. A triangle with less than 180o
indicates a concave surface, one that dips inward
like the inside of a spoon.
What happens when we add even more
dimensions? Something like the violation of the
180o rule led Dr. Albert Einstein to realize that he
was grappling with properties of multi-dimensional
space. He saw inconsistencies between Newtons
laws of physics and what he was seeing in real life.
He began to appreciate that space has more than
three dimensions and that Plancks constant was a
four-dimensional constant. Thus he gave us what
could be called the Einstein revolution.
Special Relativity
In 1905, 26-year-old Albert Einstein published
On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies.
He was looking for a way to reconcile Maxwells
laws of electromagnetism with Newtons
mechanics, because something went wrong with
the measurements when the electromagnetic
objects in question were in motion. The equations
didnt work anymore. Einstein found that time
needed an updated definition, and so he writes:
It might appear possible to overcome all the

difficulties attending the definition of time
by substituting the position of the small hand
of my watch for time. And in fact such a
definition is satisfactory when we are concerned
with defining a time exclusively for the place
where the watch is located; but it is no longer
satisfactory when we have to connect in time
series of events occurring at different places, or
- what comes to the same thing - to evaluate
the times of events occurring at places remote
from the watch.1
In this paper, Einstein came to some important
conclusions regarding the nature of time and
space. He found they were not absolute.
Time isnt the same for a person standing still as it
is for somebody moving. Its not that one person
is correct and the other is incorrect; time itself can
be different depending on ones frame of reference.
Both time and length are altered for people moving
compared to those standing still. Yet, certain things
still held. Einstein said:
1) Every law of physics is the same for
every inertial reference frame.
2) The speed of light is the same for
every observer, no matter how fast that
observer is going.
What does all that mean? Think of an inertial
reference frame as a box - the place where the
watch is located. Lets say Mark sits inside a box.
Inside Marks box, all of Newtons laws hold true.

An object in motion stays in motion unless its
acted on by an outside force. Force is equal to
an objects mass times its acceleration (F=ma).
For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction and so forth. If a 5 N force acts on Marks
watch, Marks 0.2 kg (7.0 oz) watch accelerates.
It goes from rest to 25 m/s (about 56 mph) in
one second. If the force on it halts, that watch
will continue zooming in the same direction until
some other force comes along to stop it. Mark can
hold the watch and look at the time and count the
seconds that go by. Inside the box, time and space
are dependable things.
But Mark cant say anything about whats going
on outside his box. He doesnt know how fast the
watches are ticking in other boxes. His box could
be zooming through space at a million m/s and he
wouldnt ever know it. He does not say, My watch
went from 1,000,000 m/s to 1,000,025 m/s with
that little bit of force. No, he says, My watch
went from rest to 25 m/s in a second. If he passed
a planet, he could measure his velocity relative to
the planet, but for a long time he has only the
objects inside his box - his inertial reference frame
- to use as guides for measurement.
Then, one day Mark looks out of his box
and he sees Johns box floating ahead of him!
He approaches Johns box and sees that his own
box is moving 4 m/s (9 mph) faster than Johns.
It doesnt matter how fast the boxes are zooming

through space, Mark can measure his velocity
relative to the other box and see that hes going
4 m/s faster. When he increases his velocity by
10 m/s, he finds that he is traveling 14 m/s faster
than John.
Heres something interesting though. Mark
pulls away and begins to pick up speed, and John
declares over the radio, I just clocked you at
100 m/s! Mark measures, and he finds that this
is true; he is traveling 100 m/s faster than John.
This makes sense. A minute later, George flies
by Mark, and Mark says, Wow. He was going
150 m/s. John says, Oh? I clocked him at
250 m/s. They quickly realize they are both
right. Nobody knows how fast George is flying in
ultimate reality, but our men realize hes traveling
150 m/s faster than Mark and 250 m/s faster
than John.
Special Relativity and Time Dilation
Mark and John start comparing notes,
and they decide to measure the speed of light.
Mark measures it from his box, and John measures
it from his box, and they find that the speed of
light is the same for both of them. They both see
that light travels at 3 x 108 m/s. Good. They are
in agreement.
Next, however, they discover something that
confuses them both. Mark finds that when he
speeds up, his watch ticks more slowly than Johns.

As long as they are traveling at the same velocity
relative to each other, their watches tick at the
same rate. As soon as Mark speeds up, Johns watch
ticks just a tad faster than his. Mark and John both
think thats pretty odd. They switch, and they find
the opposite is true. When John travels faster,
then his watch slows down relative to Marks.
Whats even stranger is that when Mark turns
around and zooms past John in the opposite
direction, they are able to look through the
windows at each others watches, and the other
persons watch appears to be ticking more slowly
to both of them.
Thats very strange, Mark and John both say.
They resume moving in the same direction,
and they make a large number of measurements
at different speeds. They find that the rate each
watch ticks does change based on how fast its
going. Finally, John turns off his blasters and floats
while Mark zooms ahead. They keep in contact
over radio, and they find the differences increase
exponentially the closer Mark approaches the
speed of light. The men take years logging these
variations, and they chart their results:
John Time Mark % Time
velocity for John velocity light speed for Mark
0 m/s 10 years 1.5 x 108 m/s 50 % 8.66 years
0 m/s 10 years 2.99 x 108 m/s 99.67% 0.73 years
John has aged 40 years by the end of this

experiment, while Mark has aged just a little over
15 years. Mark says, Boy. I wish I had bought
some of that Apple stock before I left.
This is similar to the old thought experiment
about astronaut twins. On Earth they are the same
age, of course. They were born at the same time.
One twin travels at 50% of light speed to Alpha
Centauri, a star 4 light years away. This is an
18-year round trip from the perspective of the
brother grounded on Earth, but when his twin
returns home, his log book shows that hes been
gone only 15 years 7 months. The space traveling
twin is now 2 years and 5 months younger than
his twin brother.
This strange phenomenon of the speeding
or slowing of time is known as time dilation.
Time stretches as one travels closer to the speed
of light. At the same time, spatial dimensions like
length and width get shorter as one travels faster.
This is why physicists refer to space-time rather
than just space and time. Time is an additional
dimension to our reality. Time and space can
stretch and bend, but they are as connected as
the width, length and height of a box. If two
children fight over a rubber box, each pulling in
opposite directions, the box might get longer, but
its width will narrow to compensate. If you step on
a rubber ball, its sides will bulge out as its forced
to be shorter. The same is true for space and time;
as one gets longer, the other gets shorter.
Back at the beginning of all this, though,
Mark found something that puzzled him.
When Mark hit the accelerator and traveled at
50% of light speed, he took a measurement of the
speed of light again. He assumed, of course, that he
would measure light traveling half as fast as normal
relative to him, just as John traveled slower or
faster relative to him depending on how fast he was
going. But, as Mark approached 50% the speed
of light, he found that light was still 3 x 108 m/s!
He hollered at John (who thought Mark
was talking quite a bit slower than normal).
John assured him that light speed hadnt changed
for him either. Even as Mark approached a velocity
of 2.99 x 108 m/s faster than John, the speed of
light remained the same for both of them.
This sounds exceptionally bizarre, but its what
Einstein theorized in 1905. He said that the speed
of light would remain the same for all observers.
He also said that Newtons laws held inside any
box - any reference frame.
Einstein theorized that strange things would
happen as one approached the speed of light
relative to those who werent moving so fast,
and he was right. Whats more, we now recognize
that these strange things take place at much slower
velocities - theyre just harder to detect. As objects
approach the speed of light, the differences become
easily discernible.
Einstein didnt simply pull these things out of

his enormous brain. Nearly 20 years prior in 1887,
Albert Michelson and Edward Morley had already
demonstrated that the speed of light was the same
in every direction, which meant light speed wasnt
affected by Earths zooming pace around the Sun.
This conclusion wasnt the direct purpose of the
Michelson-Morley experiment, but it is one of
the facts gleaned from it. Michelson and Morley
expected light speed to be slower in one direction
than another because of Earths movement through
space. It wasnt. No matter where Earth was in its
orbit, the speed of light remained constant.
There have been many subsequent pieces of
evidence demonstrating that Einstein was correct.
Consider muons, for example. Muons are leptons,
subatomic particles in the same class as electrons,
but about 200 times more massive. Muons have a
half-life of just 2.197 microseconds, which means
that after 2.197 s, half of any group of muons
will have decayed into electrons and neutrinos.
In other words, half of any group of muons are
gone after 2.197 s. Without special relativity,
muons shooting through the Earths atmosphere to
the ground should take 15 half-lives to get there.
That means, only one out of every 32,800 muons
should reach the ground. But, we find thats not
the case. About one-fourth of the muons that hit
our atmosphere make it to the ground - two half-
lives worth. This is explained by special relativity.
The muons are zipping through our atmosphere

at 0.99% the speed of light, and the time dilation
factor is 7.09. The muons behave as though
time has slowed down for them, as predicted
by Einstein, and they survive until they reach
the ground.
Special relativity has had many bizarre
consequences, including the famous postulate
that energy and mass are different versions of
the same thing. Just as energy can be converted
to mass, mass can be converted to energy with a
calculated equivalence of E=mc2. This ground-
breaking revelation eventually led to the splitting
of the atom and the atomic bomb. The reality of
Einsteins revelations were constantly demonstrated
in discoveries throughout the 20th century.
Atomic Clocks and Relativity
Even if time is relative, we still want to measure
it as accurately as we can. There are a large number
of cesium atomic clocks around the world.
These represent the best efforts of humankind to
measure time objectively - by using something
as precise as the bouncing of electrons between
energy states in a cesium-133 atom. A second
is now defined (and has been since 1967) as
9,192,631,770 of these cesium electron vibrations.
One significant cesium clock is located at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology in
Boulder, Colorado and another is at the National
Physics Laboratory (NPL) in Teddington,

England (19 miles across London from the old
Royal Observatory in Greenwich). These are
very complex devices, and they have become
increasingly precise. In 1955, the worlds first
atomic clock at the British NPL was accurate
to one second in 300 years. In comparison, the
NIST-F2 clock launched in Boulder in 2014 was
reported to not lose or gain a second in about 300
million years.2
In the famous 1971 Hafele-Keating experiment,
four cesium atomic clocks were placed on
commercial airliners and flown around the
world, both eastward and westward, and they
were compared to clocks on the ground at the
Naval Observatory. The differences in the times
between the clocks were not extreme, but they
matched what was expected from Einstein. In
line with Einsteins relativity theories, Hafele and
Keating expected the clocks to lose 40 (+/-23)
nanoseconds while flying eastward and to gain
275 (+/-21) ns while flying westward compared to
the clocks on the ground at the Naval Observatory.3
The actual results were significantly similar to the
theorized results: the eastward flying clocks lost
(59+/-10) ns and the westward flying clocks gained
(273+/-7) ns.4
In the 1960s, I was on the board of directors
of a company that was acquiring Frequency Time
Systems in Boston. The president of FTS was
giving us a proud demonstration of their product,

a cesium clock that was accurate to better than one
second per million years, and I raised my hand as
an acquiring director, and I said, I have only two
questions. How do you know? And who cares?
It turns out that the accuracy of these clocks is
related to the accuracy of all kinds of technology.
Our phone and Internet communications depend
on perfectly timed switches that allow digital
messages to get routed through networks at the
same rate so that data packets arent lost. Air flight
and ship navigation, even navigation of the family
car, all depend on the accuracy of our Global
Positioning System (GPS), which in turn depends
on the timing offered by atomic clocks. When I
travel, it mystifies me that this little thing in my
phone can find me on the planet surface with
enough accuracy to tell me Im in the wrong lane.
Whether Im in the United States or New Zealand,
whether Im driving on the right side of the road
or the left, my phone GPS is precise enough to
tell me that I have to move into the right lane in
order to make the exit.
Many years ago I was renting a Hertz car that
had an early GPS system called a Magellan.
As I spoke with my wife on the phone, the GPS
womans voice told me to get into the right lane
for the coming exit. Nan wanted to know why she
heard a woman speaking. When I tried to explain,
she pretended not to believe me. She knew what it
was, but she wouldnt let it go, and she kept saying,
Who is that in the car with you?
To maintain this accuracy, engineers have to
take relativity into consideration, since satellites
are racing around the Earth at great speeds high
above the ground. The differences in time for the
satellites in orbit and communication systems on
the ground must be calculated and factored in.
It is the accuracy of the cesium atomic clocks tied
to satellites that allows the precision of our GPS
devices, and our understanding of relativity is
connected to all of it.
Relative speed isnt the only thing that affects
time. If I had a cesium clock in my office and I
raised it one meter, it would speed up by one part
in 1016. That is 10 with 16 zeros after it. Elevation
matters. Every year, the most accurate cesium
clocks are off from each other. Not very much,
but their differences are predictable and measurable.
The clocks in Boulder and Teddington, for
instance, dont stay exactly in step, because Boulder
is at an elevation of 5,430 ft., and Teddington is
less than 100 ft. above sea level.
Which of them is the correct one, the cesium
clocks on the planes or the ones on the ground?
Which is better, the cesium clock in Boulder or
the one in Teddington? The answer is, theyre all
correct. Time itself is different at sea level than it is
at a mile high elevation, because time also changes
with gravity. Even the difference in elevation has

relativistic effects because of the gravity involved.
Which brings us to Einsteins general theory
of relativity.
General Relativity
Einstein published about special relativity in
1905. Ten years later, he offered a more complete
picture when he generalized relativity and unified
it with Newtons law of gravitation. Einsteins
general theory of relativity defined gravity as the
warping of space-time. In November of 1915,
Einstein presented his ideas to the Prussian
Academy of Science, using his field equations
to show that matter and energy affect the very
geometry of space-time by making it curve.
Imagine a bed sheet stretched out, held aloft
by its four corners. Now imagine that a marble
is dropped onto it. The marble makes a straight
path across the sheet, depressing the sheet as it
rolls. Lets say it settles in the middle of the sheet.
The sheet is warped, its curved because of the mass
of the marble. Now imagine that another marble
rolls across the sheet. It is taking the straightest
path possible. It reaches the area warped by the
first marble, and it swoops into it, because it is still
following the straightest possible path, and now
the path is curved. This second marble has enough
momentum to roll out the other side of the dip,
but its own path has been bent in the process.
A third marble doesnt have enough momentum

to escape the well, and it follows the straightest
possible path into a circular revolution around
the first marble, rolling around and around it
until they collide. Plink. With the additional mass
of this third marble, the depression is now even
deeper than before, the sheet is even more curved,
making it less likely that subsequent marbles
will escape.
In Einsteins view, the Earth and other planets
are like marbles of varying sizes rolling around and
around the Sun. Theres no friction in space to slow
us down. We just make our elliptical swoops past
the Sun over and over, year after year, following
the straightest path possible while trapped in the
space-time curvature created by the mass of the
Sun. We have a high enough velocity to avoid
flying into her, but not enough to escape her
altogether. In the meanwhile, the Moon revolves
around our little planet, caught in the curve of
our own gravitational well. Of course, the sheet
analogy gives us a two-dimensional picture of a
four-dimensional reality. The three-dimensional
space around the Sun is being curved, along with
time. Space-time is warped by the mass of the
Sun, the Earth, the Moon - and by each of us in
our own little way.
Even light cant escape the warping influence of
gravity. Like the second marble, its path through
the cosmos can be altered as it flies in and out of
the gravitational wells created by massive bodies

warping space-time.
Since mass curves space-time, time is clearly
affected by gravity. Time runs faster in a weak
gravitational field than in a strong one. As we
move upward in altitude from sea level on the
Earths surface, we experience a time dilation of
1 in 1016 per meter, and our watches will tick just
a little faster.
Einstein was able to test his theory based on
real observations, even in 1915.
For a long time, astronomers had been puzzled
by the fact that Mercurys orbit didnt fit Newtons
equations quite right. As Mercury makes its
elliptical path around the Sun, it moves forward
a little each year, so that its orbit follows a daisy
pattern with the Sun at its center. This movement
forward is called its precession. All the planets
have a precession, and all make nice flower-
like patterns in their orbits. At the turn of the
19th century, the precession of the other planets all
seemed to obey Newtons laws, but Mercurys orbit
was off by 43 arc seconds per century. It wasnt
much, but it was significant enough to require an
explanation. Einstein calculated the perihelion
precession of Mercury using his field equations
for general relativity, and he found that they fixed
the long-standing problem.
It didnt take long for other experimental

evidence to show up in support of general relativity.
A 1919 solar eclipse showed that the light from
distant stars warped in their path around the
Sun. Renowned physicist Arthur Eddington had
measured the positions of stars in the Hyades star
cluster in January and February, months before
the eclipse. By the time of the eclipse in May, the
light from the stars had to pass through the Suns
gravitational field to reach Earth. The eclipse made
it conveniently dark enough to see the stars in
order to measure their positions. After Eddingtons
teams plotted the stars locations during the
eclipse and compared them to their locations
months prior, it became obvious that Einstein
had been right: light bent around massive objects.5
Hafele and Keating had to take these
gravitational effects into consideration when they
did their flying cesium clock experiment in 1971.
Special relativity predicted that time would slow
for one set of clocks and speed up for another set of
clocks. But, general relativity predicted that gravity
would counter the effects of special relativity,
and the researchers had to add these additional
factors when calculating their predictions.
Theres no distinction between time and space.
We live in a four-dimensional physical continuum.
Time changes with mass, acceleration, and gravity,
among other things. We have four measurable,
physical dimensions - length, width, height,
and time - and they can shorten and lengthen,

stretch and contract depending on speed
and gravity.
The universe is not as straight forward as it
appears. According to Edward Wittens M-Theory,
there are at least 10 dimensions, plus supergravity.
The human race has long believed in the spiritual,
but through physics we now understand there
truly are additional dimensions beyond those we
directly see and touch.
25
Chapter 3
Hyperspaces
Scientific American in June of 2005 ran an

article on the changing of physical constants like
the speed of light, and part of its conclusion was
that our universe appears to be but a shadow of
a larger reality.6 Physicists John Barrow and John
Webb considered the implications of the changing
constants of nature, and they concluded that this
world may not be all that is - the full reality is
something larger than were experiencing, which
is what the Bible has been saying all along.
We do not experience the majority of the reality
of this Universe. Physicists now tell us that the
physical matter and energy tied up in the stars and
asteroids and unseen planets and moons in the
universe is just 5% of all the matter and energy that
exist. Dark matter and dark energy, inaccessible
to us and directly undetectable, make up 95% of
all the matter and energy, and we are observers of
just the 5% that is detectable.
The search for dark matter and dark energy
continues, and in the meanwhile, we read in
Scripture about aspects of our reality that we dont
normally encounter, a whole world that goes on
behind the scenes, out of our physical vision. In 2

Kings 6, the servant of Elisha wakes up and sees the
Syrian armies surrounding them, and hes terrified.
Elisha prays for God to open his eyes to see.
And when the servant of the man of God
was risen early, and gone forth, behold, an
host compassed the city both with horses and
chariots. And his servant said unto him, Alas,
my master! how shall we do? And he answered,
Fear not: for they that be with us are more
than they that be with them. And Elisha
prayed, and said, LORD, I pray thee, open his
eyes, that he may see. And the LORD opened
the eyes of the young man; and he saw: and,
behold, the mountain was full of horses and
chariots of fire round about Elisha.
2 Kings 6:15-17
This is one of those rare places in the Scripture
where someone is given a glimpse of a broader
reality, the reality behind the scenes. We know
that angels exist. They are spoken of throughout
the Bible. In Daniel 10, a messenger is sent to
Daniel as soon as he starts praying, but it takes
three entire weeks before the angelic messenger
is able to get through because he has to fight past
the prince of the kingdom of Persia. 7 In Ephesians
6, Paul warns us about the real war thats being
waged, and its not against the flesh and blood
beings around us. Humans arent the real problem.
We are fighting, Paul tells us in Ephesians 6:12,
Hyperspaces 27
against principalities, against powers, against the

rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual
wickedness in high places.
The Fabric of Space
We think of space as empty. Thats what the
word space means, after all - a void. However,
during the 20th century we learned that space isnt
empty at all. Every square centimeter of space is
filled with energy, and space-time can be bent
and warped like fabric. Its very interesting that
this is how the Bible has described space all along,
just as though it were fabric. Consider the
following verses:
Which alone spreadeth out the heavens,
and treadeth upon the waves of the sea.
Job 9:8
Who coverest thyself with light as with
a garment: who stretchest out the heavens
like a curtain:
Psalm 104:2
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the
earth; that stretcheth out the heavens as
a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent
to dwell in:
Isaiah 40:22
The burden of the word of the LORD for
Israel, saith the LORD, which stretcheth forth
the heavens, and layeth the foundation of the
earth, and formeth the spirit of man

within him.
Zechariah 12:1
There are dozens of passages that treat space
as something that can be stretched. In fact,
it gets worse than that. According to the Bible,
space can be:
Torn Isaiah 64:1
Worn out like a garment Psalm 102:25-26
Shaken Isaiah 13:13;
Haggai 2:6;
Hebrews 12:26
Burnt up 2 Peter 3:12
Rolled up Isaiah 34:4;
Revelation 6:14
Thats an important set of descriptions. If the
heavens can be rolled up, that means there must
be an additional dimension in which to roll it
up. After all, a two-dimensional photograph cant
be rolled up in two dimensions - theres no room
available to bend the flat sheet. It has to have three
dimensions available for rolling to be possible.
In order for space to be rolled up, there must be
an additional dimension that allows that kind of
movement. These texts all imply that there are
additional spatial dimensions past the four we
directly experience.
Hyperspaces 29
The Stretch Factor

We understand theres a stretch factor to the
space that were in. I have a good friend named
Gerald Schroeder who is a nuclear physicist
residing in Jerusalem. Hes an Orthodox Jew and
not a Christian, but he has written a great book
called Genesis and the Big Bang. I dont necessarily
agree with him, but he offers an interesting
viewpoint about the days of Creation. He points
out that the stretch factor of the expansion of the
universe is about 1012. Thats 10 with 12 zeros
after it. He takes this exponential expansion and
relates it to the first chapter of Genesis, equating
Day 1 with eight billion years, Day 2 with four
billion years, Day 3 with two billion years and
so forth. These add up to about 16 billion years,
which he multiplies by 365 days per year to equal
approximately 6 x 1012. In other words, if we
shrink that down by the expansion factor of the
Universe, we get six days.
Did God build the universe in six literal days?
It could be. Do those days now appear to be 1012
greater than they once were? It could be. Schroeder
sees the expansion of the universe as strictly a
stretch factor - and he correlates the expansion of
the universe to the apparent differences from the
six days of Creation during which only Gods clock
was running. Adam only showed up on the last
day. Its one possible way to explain the apparent
discrepancy between Genesis 1 and the common

dating of the universe.
Im intrigued by the ideas of physicists like
Gerry Schroeder, but Im more intrigued by Pauls
letter to the Ephesians. In chapter 3, Paul makes
an interesting remark while talking about knowing
the love of Christ:
That Christ may dwell in your hearts by faith;
that ye, being rooted and grounded in love,
May be able to comprehend with all saints
what is the breadth, and length, and depth,
and height; And to know the love of Christ,
which passeth knowledge, that ye might be
filled with all the fulness of God.
Ephesians 3:17-19
He says, what is the breadth, and length,
and depth, and height. Did you notice
that? How many dimensions are there? Four.
Pauls words are consistent with contemporary
physics. It is unlikely that he realized the universe
has four dimensions, but the Holy Spirit guiding
him certainty knew all about it. Pauls expression
here vastly transcends his own understanding.
Lets look at these words in Greek. The word
- platos - means breadth and suggests
great extent while - mkos - is length
just as we think of it. The word - bathos -
is depth and can be deep like a well, or it can
mean deep as the things of God are deep. Finally,
Hyperspaces 31
- hypsos - refers to the height of places.

These are four dimensions that are descriptive
of space as we know it today. Pauls Epistle
to Ephesians is surprisingly sophisticated from
a physics point of view.
Hyperdimensions
This is a Calabi-Yau manifold, named after

Eugenio Calabi who first suggested that these
six-dimensional folded surfaces might exist, and
Shing-Tung Yau, who proved they did. They are
especially important in superstring theory, where
theoretical physicists use the Calabi-Yau manifold
to describe the hidden six dimensions that we
cannot directly experience.
The word hyperdimension comes from the Greek

word - hyper - which means over or above
or beyond. Hyperdimension is really just a fancy
word for more than three spatial dimensions.
You and I are used to three spatial dimensions
- length, width and height - but when we deal
with the additional dimensions beyond those
we can see with our physical eyes, were dealing
in hyperdimensions. Were moving past plane
geometry and even three-dimensional Euclidian
geometry. On June 10, 1854, Georg Friedrich
Bernhard Riemann gave one of the worlds most
important lectures on mathematics when he
introduced metric tensors, an advanced form
of mathematics that described how one might
measure the curvature of space and additional
dimensions.
Riemann was a genius far ahead of his time.
He died of tuberculosis at the young age of 39,
but during his short life he gave the world a
wide array of innovative mathematical thinking.
It took another 60 years before the real value of
Riemannian geometry was recognized - when
Einstein offered it a practical application in the
general theory of relativity. In 1915, Riemannian
geometry finally became testable.
Einstein went to his death frustrated, by the way,
because he didnt recognize that there additional
dimensions beyond the four he understood as
space-time. There were things Einstein couldnt
Hyperspaces 33
reconcile, because he stopped at four; he didnt

continue adding more dimensions.
In 1921, Theodor Kaluza added a fifth
dimension to the description of space-time,
and in 1926 Oskar Kline gave a quantum spin
to Kaluzas ideas. The Kaluza-Kline theory of
gravitation and electromagnetism explained the
world in five dimensions and provided a precursor
to superstring theory. In 1953, Wolfgang Pauli
extended Kaluza and Kleins five dimensions
to six, developing a six-dimensional theory of
Einsteins field equations of general relativity. Pauli
didnt publish it formally, but a few years later,
Yang and Mills developed fields that reconciled
electromagnetics for both the weak and strong
nuclear forces. The physicists found clarity
by adding dimensions to their understanding of
the Universe.
At least five possible string theories became
popular during the 1980s. Then, at the string
theory conference at University of Southern
California in 1995, Edward Witten suggested
that the five string theories were actually just
different faces of a single theory which he called
M-theory (for Magic / Mystery / Matrix Theory).
M-Theory predicts at least 10 dimensions (3+1+6).
Adding supergravity to the mix offered a total of
11 dimensions - 10 space dimensions and one
time dimension.
We have a hard time conceiving of hyperspaces.

Theoretical physicists try to explain them and
produce ways to visualize them, but we have
very little means to truly comprehend additional
dimensions. There are only two kinds of people that
can really deal with hyperspaces - mathematicians
with advanced training and small children. Small
children seem to have no problem.
Lower Dimensions
Since its difficult for us to conceptualize
additional dimensions, we will attempt to
appreciate the situation by going the other way.
We can easily conceptualize two-dimensional
flat things because we are greater than they are.
We are three-dimensional, and its much simpler
for us to understand dimensionality by taking
things down a level.
I want to introduce two people, but I want
you to be compassionate, because these two
people have a serious handicap. Mr. and Mrs.
Flat here live in only two dimensions.
Hyperspaces 35
I want to credit Edwin Abbotts 1884 book

Flatland for this idea, because it gives us highly
useful tools in dealing with dimensionality. Lets
take two pieces of paper and designate them as
two separate 2D flatlander worlds. On one sheet
we draw Mr. Flat and on the other we draw Mrs.
Flat. Alone on their sheets of paper, these two
individuals cannot see or hear or touch each
other. Mrs. Flat doesnt know that Mr. Flats paper
exists, and she cannot conceive of leaving her two-
dimensional space to get to him.
We 3D beings have an advantage, though.

We can look down at both of the Flats on their
pieces of paper. We can see them, but they cannot
look out to see us. They have no third dimension
in order to see out. It is nothing for me to
pick up Mrs. Flat and move her into Mr. Flats
environment. As soon as I do it, she thinks a
miracle has taken place; Mr. Flat appears before
her. She doesnt realize she has just gone through
trans-dimensional travel. She doesnt know she
was dropped suddenly into another universe.
Its a trivial thing to us because we are three-
dimensional, but her entire world has changed. Its
easy to see how powerful that extra dimension is.
Something else here is very important. As a 3D
being, I can be more intimate with Mr. Flat and
with Mrs. Flat than they can be with each other.
I can stand next to both of them even while theyre
a world away from each other. They cant see me or
feel me, and yet Im just a breath away from them,
easily able to touch them at any time.
Consider something else. The Flats cant
comprehend me as a full three-dimensional being.
If I press my finger on their paper, they dont see
my hand; they cant conceive of that. Instead,
they see a circle, or an oval, depending on my
angle. They can see the spot where my finger
intersects their two-dimensional world. If I hold
a golf ball over Mr. Flats sheet, he sees nothing.
Hyperspaces 37
If I could lower the ball and pass it through his

two dimensional plane, he would see first a dot,
and then a circle that expanded into a circle the
same diameter as the ball, then shrank to a dot
again before it disappeared. He would panic,
because he cant conceive of a third dimension or
its implications.
Now, suppose I want to communicate to
them. How do I communicate to a person in a
two-dimensional universe? I could give them a
projection. I can take a 3D object like a flower and
project it into two dimensions. The Flats might
be able to understand that. I might also try to
help them understand a 3D object by unfolding
it side by side. For example, I could take a small
cardboard box, and I could unfold it and lay it out
flat, though Im sure theyd still struggle to imagine
the full three dimensions of the box.
We have the same difficulty in conceptualizing
greater dimensions than our own. Still, we can
use this illustration to see how beings in higher
dimensions might interact with us without our
comprehending the full reality of their existence.
There is a four-dimensional box called a tesseract.
Salvador Dali has attempted to portray a tesseract
in his famous painting of Corpus Hypercubus,
demonstrating the power of Christs crucifixion
in 4D time and space. Its a four dimensional
cube unraveled in three dimensions. It stunned
me to realize that Salvador Dali had the kind of

mathematical insight to understand what he was
doing here.
As we play with these things, we quickly see

they are not intuitive to us. Yet, the Bible gives
us indications. It gives us hints at the greater
dimensions of the Universe.
In Luke 24 Jesus has been talking to the two
disciples on the road to Emmaus. When He sits
down to eat with them, He blesses the food.
Hyperspaces 39
Then in verse 31, He disappears from sight.

A few verses later, He suddenly appears in the
upper room where the eleven had gathered to
hide from the authorities. They are in a room with
six sides - four walls, a ceiling and floor. They are
frightened, with the doors locked and the windows
shut. Jesus suddenly shows up in the middle of
the room. They are shaken up and think Hes a
ghost or a spirit, but He shows them that Hes
physically real.
And as they thus spake, Jesus himself stood
in the midst of them, and saith unto them,
Peace be unto you. But they were terrified and
affrighted, and supposed that they had seen
a spirit. And he said unto them, Why are ye
troubled? and why do thoughts arise in your
hearts? Behold my hands and my feet, that it is
I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath
not flesh and bones, as ye see me have. And
when he had thus spoken, he shewed them his
hands and his feet. And while they yet believed
not for joy, and wondered, he said unto them,
Have ye here any meat? And they gave him a
piece of a broiled fish, and of an honeycomb.
And he took it, and did eat before them.
Luke 24:36-43
He tells them to touch Him and feel Him,
to make sure Hes real. He eats food with them.
And yet, Jesus has the ability to enter and leave a
six-sided space without penetrating any of the six
sides. Hes physical, but Hes not limited to three

spatial dimensions. Hes able to enter the room,
just as I was able to touch the Flatland paper
from above.
John has a sense of the greater reality out
there. One of my favorite passages is in 1 John.
An understanding of physics gives us insight into
this incredible verse:
Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it
doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we
know that, when He shall appear, we shall be
like Him; for we shall see Him as He is.
1 John 3:2
We will see Him as He is. Right now, God
cannot express Himself to us in His fullness,
because we are merely three-dimensional beings
with no ability to comprehend His infinite Person.
To remedy this, He put all that He is into a little
baby who was born in a stable in Judea 2000
years ago, and through Jesus we are able to see
what the Father is like. He represents the Father.
He thinks and acts like the Father. He does the
work of the Father. Yet, in Jesus we are still seeing
a three-dimensional representation of God - a flat
photograph rather than the real thing. John tells us
that one day we will be able to see Him as He IS in
all His majesty. We will not see a nine-dimensional
representation of a 10-dimensional being: we shall
be able to see Him face to face.
41
Chapter 4
Our Digital Universe
Lets take a moment to look at the very building

blocks of our physical world. Say I have a piece
of string, and I cut it in half. I can take whatever
I have left over and cut it in half again. It seems it
would be theoretically possible to do this forever.
Whatever Ive got left over, I can always cut in half.
Wrong. Thats not true after all.
Eventually there is a length that cannot be cut
in half, or it loses a property known as locality.
The ultimately small length is called the Planck
length and it is 1.62 x10-35 m. To get some
perspective of how incomprehensibly tiny that is,
the classical diameter of a proton is 1.75 x 10-15
m. This means we could fit 1.08 x1020 Planck
lengths across the center of a proton - 1.08 times
100 billion billions. Its a very small length.
The Planck length seems infinitesimal, and yet it
is a finite length. All existing lengths are multiples
of the Planck length. Any discrete, indivisible unit
is called a quantum, which is why the study of
the very small is called quantum physics.
There is also a minimum length of time, 10-43

seconds. Thats the smallest unit of time possible.
Its the length of time that light takes to travel one
Planck length, but its about the same time it takes
light to bounce off ones eye - its the twinkling
of an eye.
Everything - length, mass, energy, and time
itself - are composed of indivisible units. We do
not find actual particles this small, of course.
The building blocks of the atom are called
quanta, because they are little packages of matter.
In school, we were shown the Bohr model of
the atom. The simplest atom is hydrogen, with a
single proton in its nucleus and a single electron
spinning around in its first energy level. Its a
convenient picture of the atom, and it works
for our imaginations. Even if it were an accurate
picture, it wouldnt be close to scale. We know
that a proton is about 1.75 x 10-15 m wide. Adding
hydrogens one electron makes the atom a full 10-10
m wide. If the nucleus of a hydrogen atom were
the size of a golf ball, the electron would have to be
spinning around it three quarters of a mile away.
The important part isnt the absolute number, as
these are obviously very small spaces. The important
thing is the ratio between the components.
In other words, however many protons and
neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, the
electrons in the outer shell are flying out 100,000
Our Digital Universe 43
times that size. So if we were going to build a

model, we have an ambitious project. If we make
the nucleus as big as a golf ball, our electron has
to be three quarters of a miles away. Thats just the
linear distance. The area is r2 and the volume is
4/3 r3, which means the volume is roughly 1015
the size of the nucleus. In other words, the nucleus
of an atom has the same volume ratio to a full atom
as one second does to 30 million years.
Let me dramatize what this means. If I said
that the book you are holding is solid, and you
said, Theres nothing here at all. Its empty, you
would be more correct. The book or digital device
in your hands is mostly empty space. Each atom
in it is mostly empty, because the nucleus has the
same ratio volume to the full atom as one second
has to 30 million years.
Why does it feel solid? Because the atoms in
this book are in electrical collision with the atoms
of your hands, so it feels solid. It has physical
properties, but its the collision of those molecules
that create the appearance of its being solid.
Its mostly empty. I want you to get a sense of the
illusion that is what we call solid matter.
When we talk about Planck length, we talk
about true length. As weve noted, the smallest
unit of length is 1.62 x 10-35. Time is made up of
indivisible units of Planck time, each 10-43 seconds
long. And what we discover with all of this is that
the universe is digital. Its not continuous, its made

up of small packets, small building blocks.
Our Digital World
There are two concepts that we can talk about
in mathematics, but we discover they dont exist
in our limited reality. One is infinity, and the
other one is randomness. Those are terms we use
a lot, but dont actually observe. In the spiritual
macrocosm, we can say that we have an infinite
reality. In our observable world, however, we know
that our universe is finite. It has a beginning.
It has an end. There is no infinity in astronomy.
We can talk about it mathematically, but we cant
find it physically. We cant find it on the small side
either. Theres a limit to smallness. Everything is
ultimately digital.
True randomness doesnt exist either.
The field of mathematics called chaos theory
deals with the complexity of nature. If you recall,
the character Ian Malcolm made chaos theory
famous in Michael Crichtons books Jurassic Park
and Lost World. Chaos theory argues that there is
an underlying order to everything, but we cannot
predict outcomes because of the complexity,
the vast number of variables involved in what
ultimately happens in our brains or the weather
or stock market. Outcomes are greatly affected by
whats called the butterfly effect - small initial
differences can make broad, telescoped changes in
Our Digital Universe 45
the end. Edward Lorenz coined the term butterfly

effect by suggesting that the details of a hurricane
could be affected by a butterflys wings flapping
weeks before. Randomness is just an appearance.
The ultimate point is that it appears we are
in a digital simulation. What we think is real
- the physical world around us - might actually
be a digital projection, a simulated environment.
This whole world that we experience has limits,
and while those limits are a multitude of light
years beyond us out in space and just as difficult
to reach on the small scale, the limits are there.
We are guilty of making linear assumptions in
a nonlinear world. The minute we discover that
the world is digital, by definition that makes it
nonlinear. The entire existence of the world around
us is made up of discrete pieces, like the game
of Minecraft with much smaller blocks and a far
better resolution.
47
Chapter 5
A World Made For Man
When we attempt to model what we know

about the physical universe, we discover a large
number of factors that are carefully balanced to
make life possible. In atomic physics, we find that
the strong nuclear force is precisely engineered to
hold protons and neutrons together in the nucleus,
against the repulsive electromagnetic force trying
to push two positive protons apart. The strong
nuclear force, coupled with neutrons - which
arent affected by the electromagnetic force - allows
protons and neutrons to cling to each other in
the nucleus. If this force were stronger, hydrogen
would have long ago combined into helium and
heavier elements, and we would have no water,
no hydrogen ions, none of the many aspects of the
world that allow for life. Helium burns faster than
hydrogen, and there would be no long-living stars
like our Sun. If the force were weaker, any heavier
elements would be unstable. They wouldnt hold
together, and the periodic table would disappear.
No more iron or zinc or the complex chemistry
necessary for life. The heavier elements would
dissipate and the world would be filled with only
the lighter elements like hydrogen and helium.
If the gravitational constant were lighter, we

could fly out of orbit around the Sun, besides
losing our own moon and atmosphere. If it were
stronger, wed get sucked into the Sun or be too
far away to enjoy its light. The air pressure would
increase, driving up the surface temperature.
Volcanic activity would increase due to greater
pressure beneath the earths crust.
There are multitude of characteristics about the
world that seem conveniently balanced for life as
we know it, including the magnetic field of Earth,
its axial tilt and albedo, its oxygen-to-nitrogen
ration, carbon dioxide and water vapor levels, the
atmospheric electric discharge, and hundreds of
others. Its worth noting the many things that have
to be carefully balanced in order for life to exist
and persist. Something as seemingly unimportant
as the distance of the Sun from the center of the
galaxy has benefits to us.
In 1992 I lost my house in Big Bear, California
to a massive earthquake. We dont tend to like
earthquakes, but it turns out that seismic activity
is essential for life. Earthquakes are part of the
mountain building process, and mountains offer
storage for water in the form of snow and ice,
providing rivers and streams that keep the earth
watered during the summer. Too much seismic
activity is destructive, releasing toxic gasses into
the air and devastating landforms. Just the right
A World Made For Man 49
amount, however, allows for the rain cycle,

among other things.
There are characteristics of the universe itself
that allow us to live contentedly; the rate of
entropy, the number of stars and the distances
between them, the rate of luminosity, and the
uniformity of the dispersal of the stars are all
important. All of these require some sophistication
in cosmology to appreciate, but as we make
models, we realize that changing these ratios just a
little bit ends with a universe that doesnt work for
us. Its astonishing. These convenient coincidences
are called the anthropic principle after the Greek
word for man - anthrpos - because the entire
universe looks like it was designed for the benefit
of man. We will deal with these things in more
detail in Beyond Coincidence.
Theres another recent discovery thats extremely
provocative. The mathematical relationship
between the Sun, Moon and Earth has given us
revelations about stars in general. The size of the
Earth, Moon and Sun are such that when the
Moon gets between us and the Sun, the Moon
is exactly the right size and distance to block out
the Sun for a solar eclipse, yet leave visible the
corona glowing around the edge of it. If the
Moon was a little bit smaller or a little bit bigger,
we wouldnt be able to see the corona. Because we
could see the corona during eclipses, the discipline
of spectroscopy was able to be developed. Through

spectroscopy, we can determine the weight
and composition of distant stars. Astronomy
gained this technological step up because of the
phenomenon of a solar eclipse.
These sorts of things tells us that not only
was the universe designed for man, but it was
designed for discovery. It wasnt just designed to
maintain our life; it was designed to be explored
and understood. Guillermo Gonzalez and Jay W.
Richards published a book, The Privileged Planet:
How Our Place in the Cosmos was Designed for
Discovery. They make the case that our place in
the Milky Way happens to be in exactly the right
place to investigate all the characteristics of the
galaxy. They also have a DVD thats well done,
and its astonishing the wonders they highlight
for us. If you are interested in these things,
they present information that amazes me.
This leads to another observation I want to
make. One of the most astonishing characteristics
of the Biblical text is that it anticipates our
technological advances. We have a briefing called
Technology and the Bible that talks about these
things in depth. There are things in the Bible
that make no sense unless we have access to the
inventions of the past century. In no other time
in history could the entire world be destroyed
by war, but the development of nuclear weapons
now make Matthew 24:22 possible, And except
those days should be shortened, there should no flesh

be saved: but for the elects sake those days shall be
shortened. The Bible seems to anticipate satellites
and worldwide television. The things we take for
granted were anticipated in the Biblical text, and
it impacts our personal priorities even more deeply
than just our intellect.
A World Designed
Those who study science quickly realize that the
natural world is filled with brilliant engineering.
Research and development guys can learn a lot by
studying the machinery already running beautifully
in living creatures. Yet, despite the genius we
consistently see in nature, secular scientists insist
that this design is only an appearance not based
on the evidence, but because thats what their
worldview requires.
In the information sciences and in biology, we
often find Bishop Paleys fabulous watch example
cited. Paley argued that if he found a watch in a
field, he would assume a watchmaker had made
it, even if he didnt see the watchmaker present.
It is clear that there is a Watchmaker of this world.
There has to be, because the digital nature of the
universe is seen in DNA and RNA, the codes
of life.
The DNA in each of our cells is made of a
self-correcting digital code. The binary code we
use to program computers uses just two sources
of information, two digits, 0 and 1. All computer

programming is ultimately based on zeros and
ones. On the other hand, DNA uses four sources
of information, A, T, G, and C (representing the
four nucleotide bases adenine, thymine, guanine
and cytosine). Compared to the two-digit binary
code, these four letters offer a vast array of coding
possibilities. Whats more, DNA has an error-
correcting system built in.
The biological world is digital, which requires
programming. Digital codes make no sense
unless the meanings of the codes have been
predetermined, and programming requires a
Programmer. For example, in the famous story of
Paul Reveres ride, Revere and his compatriots set
up a code in advance to communicate whether the
British were invading by land or by sea. If they saw
a single lantern in the tower of Old North Church,
that meant the British were coming by land, and
two lanterns meant they were rowing in by sea.
One if by land and two if by sea. Thats a digital
code. It means nothing without an agreement
beforehand.
An excellent presentation of DNAs digital code
can be found in Stephen Meyers 2009 book,
The Signature in the Cell. Meyers work is very
understandable, and he offers powerful, dramatic
material on the manifest signature of God written
on every cell of our bodies.
Leonardo da Vincis famous Vitruvian Man

represents the symmetry we see in the architecture
of the human body. The feet and fingers of the man
touch the edges of a perfect circle. His naval falls
in the center. Even in movement, he is balanced
within the circle and the square.
The beauty of creation rests not just in

humankind alone, but in all of nature. From the
smallest to the largest, the universe demonstrates
great balance and symmetry. More than that,
philosophers and scientists alike have long noted
that the universe seems perfectly balanced to allow
life on Earth to exist. The very laws of physics - from
the fundamental forces that hold atoms together
to the forces of gravity and electromagnetism -
are just right for the existence of molecules, the
formation of heavy elements, the health of the
Earths magnetic field, and the stability of planets
and stars. Its an amazingly choreographed dance,
and those who study physics understand details
that are easily lost on those who dont.
55
Chapter 6
Nonlinearities
At the same time, we should not make

the mistake of looking at this world two-
dimensionally. We think tomorrow will be like
yesterday and next week will be like last week.
Those are linear assumptions that fail to take into
account the multitude of complicating factors,
the additional variables we dont see. Its practical
to make linear assumptions, but in our heart of
hearts we realize that theres a risk here of running
into a nonlinearity.
We watch the news and every month we
see natural and man-made disasters. A flood
in Missouri and an earthquake in Chile and a
tsunami in Japan can cause rampant devastation
and completely up-end the daily lives of the people
in those places. On September 11, 2001, terrorists
used jet planes to destroy two towers of the tallest
building in New York City, and on November 13,
2015 concerted terrorist attacks on unsuspecting
Parisians killed 130 people and wounded hundreds
of others.
Disasters can take place without warning.
We do not know when an ice storm or tornado or
wildfire or terrorist or an emotionally disturbed

shooter will blast a hole in our day-to-day lives.
Empires rise and collapse, sometimes in one night.
The great Babylonian Empire fell without a battle
when the armies of Cyrus the Great diverted
the Euphrates River and entered the city, taking
it for Persia. In one night, a well-placed EMP
blast could put the United States of America
back in the technological Dark Ages. We need
to live our day-to-day lives, go to work and pay
our bills and educate our children, but we also
need to appreciate the potential for nonlinearities
and be prepared.
Our Nonlinear Universe
There have been many models of the universe
through the ages. Before the redshift was discovered,
many cosmologists believed the universe was static
- flat and unmoving. It had existed from eternity
past and would continue on into eternity future.
Stars formed and burned away, collapsed and
exploded millennia after millennia in the constant,
never-ending vacuum of space.
Then came spectroscopy, the science of
interpreting light waves from space. Astronomers
began dissecting the light from distant planets
and stars and inferring information about those
objects, including their velocity, temperature, mass
and even composition. In 1895, astronomer James
Edward Keeler used spectroscopy to examine the
Nonlinearities 57
rings of Saturn. He was able to prove that Saturns

rings were made up of a multitude of small objects
revolving around the large planet, because some
pieces were moving faster than others.8 Doppler
shifts in the light reflecting off chunks showed that
they were moving at different speeds.
In 1912 Vesto Slipher was using spectroscopy
to measure how fast the other planets were
spinning, and he saw that distant galaxies had
redshifts, which he interpreted to mean they
were moving away from earth.9 In 1914 he also
discovered that galaxies were rotating.10 By 1929,
Edwin Hubble learned that the light from distant
galaxies was constantly shifting to the red side
of the electromagnetic spectrum, which was
understood to be a Doppler effect, indicating that
the galaxies were flying away from us. He suggested
that the more distant the galaxy, the faster it was
receding from us. Hubbles Law was developed
to calculate the distance of a galaxy based on its
recessional velocity.
In 1927, two years before Edwin Hubble got
all the credit, a Belgian priest named Georges
Lematre derived the equivalent of Hubbles
Law. Lematre argued that the universe was
expanding from a single point, offering the first
major proposal of the Big Bang theory. At first
the Big Bang was considered a Creationist theory,
because it suggested the universe had a moment of
creation. Now, of course, it is standardly accepted

cosmology in one form or another.
Its not difficult to prove that the universe had
a beginning. The physics of thermal decay tells us
it must have had one.
From Hot to Cold
We learn from early childhood about thermal
decay. We dont know to call it that, but we
recognize that heat flows from hot bodies to cold
bodies. Weve yelled at our brothers or sisters to
get their cold feet off our legs. Weve watched snow
melt in our hands. Heat flows from hot bodies to
cold. Its a simple observation, but we can draw
a significant conclusion from it: the universe
cannot be infinitely old. If it were, the temperature
throughout the universe would be uniform.
After an infinite number of years, all the mass would
have converted to energy, and that energy would
have dissipated throughout all of time and space.
The universe would have long ago experienced a
heat death. This simple thermodynamic reality
tells us that the universe had a beginning.
What was that beginning? There are some
problems with the Big Bang model that is taught
in the classroom, and astrophysicists have tried
to make adjustments that fix the problems.11
The issue I want to note, however, is that this
universe that had a beginning is also destined for
Nonlinearities 59
an ending. If enough time passes, every star, every

planet will wither away. There will eventually be no
differences in temperature, no energy differences,
no ability for anything to accomplish any work.
Physicists recognize that eventually the world will
end in a heat death, and it will all be over.
There are those who have argued for an
oscillating universe model, in which the universe
expands from the Big Bang until all the matter
that was flying outward begins to slow down
due to various attractive forces between particles.
Eventually it all reverses direction and gets pulled
back together into a Big Crunch, from which
it explodes again - over and over. Even in that
scenario, however, theres still entropy and loss of
energy. The universe cant oscillate forever. More
importantly, we see no evidence of oscillation.
The expansion of the universe is not slowing
down; its not getting ready to eventually collapse
backward toward the center in a Big Crunch.
In fact, according to modern physics, the universe
is expanding at an accelerated rate. In 2011
Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt, and Adam G.
Riess won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their
observations of supernovae that demonstrated
this.12 Not only is the expansion of the universe
not slowing down - its picking up speed!
This universe and all the life in it is destined
to end. Even from a secular physicists point of
view, billions and billions of years from now its

going to have an ending. We are in a temporary
environment. This is a reality we all need to face.
Its even more disturbing, perhaps, to
appreciate that you and I are not truly temporary.
These four physical dimensions we directly
experience are certainly temporary, but there is
a part of each of us that is here for the duration.
We have an additional dimensionality - whether
we call it soul or spirit - that is not subject to the
laws of physics or the betrayals of time, because it
has no mass. Our outward man is in a temporary
environment, subject to the destructive forces of
thermal decay, but our inward man is beyond the
leash of time and is therefore eternal. The Apostle
Paul never claimed to be a physicist, of course,
but he understood these things better than most
of us, sharing their mysteries with the Corinthians
when he said:
For which cause we faint not; but though our
outward man perish, yet the inward man is
renewed day by day. For our light affliction,
which is but for a moment, worketh for us a
far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory;
While we look not at the things which are seen,
but at the things which are not seen: for the
things which are seen are temporal; but the
things which are not seen are eternal.
2 Corinthians 4:16-18
Nonlinearities 61
Black Holes
There are a multitude of nonlinearities in
our universe, not the least of which are black
holes. From 18th century scientist John Michell
to current-day theoretical physicist Stephen
Hawking, cosmologists love to discuss the
possibilities and implications of black holes.
They are not alone. The idea of a black hole
has captured the imaginations of generations,
and a multitude of science fiction authors and
screenwriters have built a mythology around these
alleged gravity pits of the cosmos.
Theoretically, a black hole is created by an
extremely large mass compacted into a tiny
space. According to general relativity, gravity is
the distortion of space-time. Imagine all the mass
of the Earth pressed to the size of a schoolyard
marble. This exceedingly dense marble would
create a gravity field so powerful that space-
time would bend completely around itself, and
anything that passes over the event horizon of
this hole is sucked in, including light itself.
In 1916, Karl Schwarzschild developed a
formula to calculate the radius of the event horizon
for a black hole. An object the mass of the Moon
could create a black hole if it collapsed to the size
of a sphere with a radius of just under 0.11mm.
Our Sun would have to collapse to a radius of
just under 3km. Any object can become a black
hole if it contracts into a sphere smaller than its

Schwarzschild radius. At the surface of that sphere,
light speed is the escape velocity, but anything that
passes over the event horizon is sucked into the
hole of gravity, and from that hole we can get no
light, no particles and no information.
We know nothing about what happens inside
a black hole. Its suspected that the additional
masses of the newly added objects crush together
into a tighter and tighter, increasingly dense point,
expanding the area of the black holes gravitational
influence. Cosmologists believe the Big Bang was
caused by a singularity, a tiny point made from
all the matter, all the space-time in the Universe.
There are some surprising aspects to all of this.
Einsteins equations for general relativity provide
models that could permit loops in time. If space-
time bends back on itself and creates a loop,
entropy would decrease in that area, which implies
a reversal of time.
The Arrow of Time
Time is relative. I can fly from Los Angeles to
Melbourne, and because of time zone changes,
I will arrive two days after I left. A 16-hour
nonstop flight will cost me 33 hours in time.
Yet, a strange thing happens when I fly back to
Los Angeles. The flight only takes 14 hours this
time because of the spinning of the earth below.
More importantly, I get those lost time zone hours
Nonlinearities 63
back, and I actually will arrive three hours before

I left. If I fly out of Melbourne at 9:30 am, I can
reach Los Angeles at 6:30 am on the same day.
If we saw a house of cards collapse and then
suddenly rise again and reform itself, we might
think we were living in several frames of a video
that was being rewound. We could argue that we
were watching time in reverse. There is something
like this in quantum physics. In quantum physics,
a time reversal can technically take place
Time
Space
A Feynman diagram plots quantum reactions
against time. It represents the creation and
annihilation of particle-antiparticle pairs.
When an electron (e-) and positron (e+) collide,
they annihilate each other and emit a photon
(represented by the sine wave). That photon
can then split into an electron and a positron.
Feynman represented the positron as simply an
electron moving backwards in time. An arrow
pointing backward in a Feynman diagram doesnt

represent where an antiparticle is moving in
space, but rather signifies that it is an antiparticle.
All antiparticles in Feynman diagrams are shown
as moving backward on the timeline.
This leads us to the question when we observe
a positron, is that positron really an electron in a
time reversal? A particle physicist will tell you both
are equivalent.
In fictional literature, there are a multitude of
plots that involve time reversal, and they always
offer the problem of the paradox. Lets say that
I went back in time and whistled the tune to
Fur Elise under Beethovens window at night,
and because of that, he wrote the song. Suddenly
the song has no true beginning. Did Beethoven
create it, or was it in the world because I whistled
it to him? Yet, I only whistled it because he
wrote it and gave it to the world - so that I was
able to learn it so that I could go back in time
and whistle it to him, putting it in his head.
This becomes a paradox. In the movie Back to the
Future, Marty McFly almost prevents his parents
from getting together, which nearly annihilates
his own existence. But, if his existence ceased,
he would never have been born to go back in
time to interrupt his parents original romance.
The Time Machine, the Terminator series and a
wide array of other books and movies have toyed
with the possible paradoxes produced by time
Nonlinearities 65
travel and time warps. The 2014 movie Interstellar

explored the use of wormholes to transport
humans to another cosmic home - and all the time
warping possibilities involved in such an effort.
The famous science fiction writer Robert
Heinlein contributed a classic, highly absurd, time
travel story. A baby girl is mysteriously dropped off
at an orphanage in Cleveland in 1945. Jane grows
up lonely and dejected, not knowing who her
parents are, until, one day in 1963, she is strangely
attracted to a drifter. She falls in love with him,
but just when things are finally looking up for
Jane, a series of disasters strike. First, she becomes
pregnant by the drifter, who then disappears.
Second, during her highly complicated delivery,
doctors find that she has both sets of sex organs.
To save her life, theyre forced to surgically convert
her to a him. Finally, a mysterious stranger kidnaps
the baby from the delivery room. Reeling from
these disasters, and rejected by society, scorned by
fate, our protagonist becomes a drunkard and a
drifter. Not only has he lost his parents and lover,
he has lost his only child as well.
In 1970, he stumbles into a lonely bar called
Pops Place, and spills out his pathetic story to
an elderly bartender. The sympathetic bartender
offers the drifter a chance to avenge the stranger
who left her pregnant and abandoned on
the condition that he join the time travelers
corp. Both of them enter a time machine, and
the bartender drops off the drifter in 1963.

The drifter is strangely attracted to a young orphan
woman who subsequently becomes pregnant.
The bartender takes the drifter forward in time
nine months, kidnaps the baby girl from the
hospital, and drops off the baby in an orphanage
back in 1945. The drifter eventually gets his life
together, becomes a respected elderly member of
the time travelers corp, then disguises himself as a
bartender and has his most difficult mission, a date
with destiny meeting a certain drifter at Pops Place
in 1970.
Thus Janes mother, father, son, daughter,
bartender friend and kidnapper are all Jane herself.
The characters are all the same person. This is
certainly a convoluted tale, and the paradoxes are
manifold. Robert Heinlein succeeded in creating
the most absurd rendition of the possibilities
involved in time travel.
Linear time. We tend to presume that time
is linear. We cant move back, except in the
foolishness of science fiction. We can look forward,
but we cant see the future. There are mystics that
try to, but the only One that knows the future is
God. Satan and his minions may try to simulate
future-telling in various clever ways, but we cant
move backward, and we are not very good at
looking forward.
Nonlinearities 67
The Law of Entropy

There are rules in this world. The laws of
physics are well established, and they tell us
certain things about the universe. The first law
of thermodynamics declares the conservation of
energy; it tells us that energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it just changes form from visible light
to matter to work and back into heat.
The second law of thermodynamics states
that entropy always increases in a closed system.
Things constantly tend toward thermal
equilibrium. That is, they naturally get more
random. No machine, no creature operates with
perfect efficiency; energy is always lost in the
form of heat. The second law explains why we
cannot cool a room by leaving the refrigerator
door open; the refrigerator machinery creates
more heat doing its job than the coolness it creates
inside the fridge. A perpetual motion machine will
never work, because energy is always lost in its
operation. Things naturally break down and get
more random. We can put work into organizing a
room, putting every paper in its folder and every
book and toy on the shelf, but it quickly descends
into chaos, and the work required to restore the
order is greater than the effort required to destroy
that order. We see the reality of entropy every day
of our lives, especially if we have small entropy
agents in the form of children or pets.
As discouraging as it may be to live in a

world dominated by entropy, the second law
of thermodynamics gives us an exceptionally
important frame of reference regarding time.
We can absolutely know the direction of time,
because randomness increases as we go forward.
If time were suddenly starting to go in reverse, how
would we be able to tell? It wouldnt do to trust a
clock going backwards, because a clever individual
could program it to run in reverse. If we suspected
that time were actually going backward, how could
we be certain?
There is a very simple way to tell. We could
get a deck of cards and shuffle them. If they get
more ordered, that means we are going backward
in time. Randomness always increases as we go
forward. So, if we shuffle a deck of cards and they
end up in bridge order, then we know we are going
backwards. A tendency for things to move from
randomness toward increased order would be a
reversal of entropy, and hence a reversal of time.
Zero-Point Energy
I mentioned that every square centimeter
of space is filled with energy. Thats actually an
understatement. Physicists have discovered what
is called zero-point energy (ZPE), the energy
that continues to keep helium atoms hopping
and bouncing around even at a temperature of
absolute zero. So-called empty space holds between
Nonlinearities 69
1044 and 10114 ergs/cm3 of energy, and the energy

density may be infinite for all practical purposes.13
Thats the most intense energy field imaginable.
Barry Setterfield puts it this way:
In order to appreciate the magnitude of the
ZPE in each cubic centimetre of space, consider
a conservative estimate of 1058 ergs/cc In our
galaxy there are in excess of 100 billion stars.
If we assume they all radiate at about the same
intensity as our sun, then the amount of energy
expended by our entire galaxy of stars shining
for one million years is roughly equivalent to
the energy locked up in one cubic centimetre
of space. The physical vacuum is not an empty
nothingness.14
Space has a variety of electromagnetic
characteristics. It has permittivity (8.85 x 10-12 farad
per meter), which deals with a materials ability to
resist an electric field. It also has permeability
(4 x 10-7 Newtons per amp2), which has to do
with the ability to store energy in an electric
field. The permittivity and permeability of the
vacuum of space are baselines against which the
permittivity and permeability of other media are
compared. Radio hams and electrical engineers
also know that space has an intrinsic impedance
- resistance to electric flow. Thats why you have
antennas that try to match the impedance of
space. Space is not empty. It has electromagnetic
properties.
These electromagnetic properties can also

affect the way light behaves. If the permittivity
or permeability change across the board in
different parts of the universe, then both the
atomic behavior and the speed of light would also
vary. We cannot say categorically that the speed
of light is constant throughout all of space,
because we dont know what electromagnetic
fluctuations might exist out there.
The Speed of Light
Australian physicists Barry Setterfield and Trevor
Norman published a paper Atomic Constants,
Light, and Time in 1987, in which they outline
the mathematical evidence that the speed of light
in a vacuum is not constant at all.15 When I first
learned about this research and mentioned it in
our Bible studies, I was visited by Hugh Ross
and some of my other physics friends who very
gently tried to counsel me against promoting the
scientific heresy that the speed of light is not a
constant. They were gracious and meant well in
trying to keep me out of trouble. I chose to stick
with Barry and Trevors position, and it has been
repeatedly confirmed.
In 1999, theoretical physicists Andreas Albrecht
and Joao Magueijo published a paper that pointed
out a number of puzzles that could be explained
by a one-time faster speed of light, saying:
Nonlinearities 71
We propose a prescription for deriving

corrections to the cosmological evolution
equations while the speed of light c is changing.
We then show how the horizon, flatness, and
cosmological constant problems may be solved.
We also study cosmological perturbations in
this scenario and show how one may solve the
homogeneity and isotropy problems. 16
In 2002, a team of physicists under Paul Davies
at Macquarie University discovered (to their shock)
that the speed of light appeared to be slowing
down.17 Since 1999, another physicist named John
Webb has repeatedly found that the fine structure
constant, a force that holds atoms together, is
different in one direction of the universe than in
another.18 The fine structure constant is related
to the speed of light, which means that if one can
change, the other can change as well.
Barry Setterfield did the groundbreaking work
in this area, though. He analyzed 164 different
measurements of light speed c that had been
gathered over the previous 320 years, and he found
a statistically significant decay in c during that
period of time. He also investigated c-dependent
constants (like the fine-structure constant) that
included 639 values measured by 25 different
methods. A comparison of dates in orbital time
from archaeology, corals, tree-rings and atomic
dates from radioactive isotopes has provided 1228
data points covering a span of almost 5000 years.
They all demonstrate that the speed of light has

slowed over the centuries.
Adding to all of this were William Tiffts
observations that the redshift in light from distant
galaxies was not continuous, but quantized.
William Tifft is an astronomer with the University
of Arizona, and he reported this troubling redshift
periodicity in a series of papers in the 1970s.19
Tifft was collecting data on aberrant redshifts
that raised doubts about the expanding Universe,
because there was light wave data indicating that
some stars were flying at us rather than away from
us. Tifft also discovered that the redshifts of these
star clusters and galaxies were all multiples of a
discrete value. We would have expected redshifts
to be like music on a violin, which allows a
continuous movement of sound from low to
high pitch, just by running ones finger up the
string. It turned out that the redshifts were more
like the keys on a piano, which go step by step
up each octave. Tifft kept finding the redshift
moving in discrete steps, which implied that he
was not looking at a Doppler effect, but something
else, something digital, something quantized.
If the redshift changes according to step-by-step
quantum levels, that would correspond to discrete
atomic levels, which would be derived from the
speed of light changing.
This was not lost on Setterfield, who recognized
that his research in the change of c would explain
Nonlinearities 73
this unexpected quantization of the redshifts.

Remember, light comes in waves, and waves have
certain wavelengths. Specific values of c governed
the wavelengths, and as light slowed down over
the ages, that would result in a quantized shift
to the red of the light wave data coming from
distant stars.
Changing Constants
Physicists do not like the idea of changing
constants. The speed of light in a vacuum c, the
gravitational constant G, Plancks constant h,
the elementary charge e and the fine structure
constant . One of the comforting things about
the constants of nature is that we can depend on
them to be constant, permanent and dependable,
as we work to build bridges and lasers and
microprocessors. We depend on c, the universal
speed limit, to remain at 3.0 x 108 m/s as we
use it in astrophysics. We expect G to always
be 6.6741011 Nm2/kg2 as we do calculations
about the gravitational pull between two massive
bodies. The possibility that the constants may
not be constant at all is unnerving to physicists.
And yet, why shouldnt they be winding down
along with the rest of the natural world?
Dimensionless Constants
Most of these constants we use are related
to certain dimension and time measurements -
meters per second, joule-seconds and so forth.
Some of the constants of nature, however, are

dimensionless. They are straight numbers, and
they remain constant in any system of units.
The fine-structure constant , often called the
coupling constant, characterizes the strength of
the electromagnetic force between two charged
particles, like electrons and muons and protons.
Its the strength of the attraction that holds atoms
together. It is one of the best, most precisely
measured numbers in physics: 0.007297351. It is
a number; it doesnt have any dimensions.
There is a dimensionless mathematical
constant that might be more familiar to you,
the number . Its the ratio we get when we divide
a circles circumference by its diameter. It can be
approximated by the fraction 22/7, but it is an
irrational number that goes on forever without
repeating: 3.141592653589793238462643383
2795028841971693993751058209749 often
rounded to 3.14. We all learned in school that is
necessary to calculate the circumference and area
of a circle from its radius.
Another dimensionless ratio we meet in
advanced math is Eulers number, the base of
the natural logarithm. Eulers number is also
irrational, approximately equal to 2.71828 and
written as e. Scottish mathematician John Napier
(1550-1617) discovered e as he was developing
natural logarithms (as opposed to common base
10 logarithms). Incidentally, Napier also liked to
Nonlinearities 75
work with decimals rather than fractions, and he

made common use of the decimal point. Most of
us have heard of , but it generally takes a course
in calculus or engineering to be introduced to e.
Its a key formula in wave mechanics and it shows
up repeatedly in electrical theory.
We can find something fun in the Bible
regarding both of these dimensionless numbers.
There are two major passages in the Bible that
have to do with the Creation: Genesis 1:1 and
John 1:1. We find that if we take Genesis 1:1 in
Hebrew and plug in the numerical values of each
of the Hebrew letters and the numeric value of the
words and make the following calculation, we get
a very interesting result:
(The number of letters)x(The product of the letters)
(The number of words)x(The product of the words)
The answer to this is 3.1416 x 1017 -- the value
of to four decimal places! Hmm.
Now, lets look at the other major Creation
passage, John 1:1. If we read the Greek and make
the same calculation that we did with the Genesis
passage, we get another very interesting result:
(The number of letters)x(The product of the letters)
(The number of words)x(The product of the words)
The answer to this is 2.7183 x 1040 -- the value
of e to four decimal places. Hmm again!
Im amazed that these two dimensionless

mathematical constants are embedded in the
Biblical text. We can argue and say, Thats just
a weird coincidence, except the math of that
coincidence is ridiculously absurd. I do not believe
John had a clue he was writing e into his text, but
the Holy Spirit knew. I suspect there are dozens
of other clues like this that link the constants of
the universe to the Biblical text, placed there by
the Holy Spirit as a fingerprint.
77
Chapter 7
The God Outside of Time
How does God fit into all of this? Is He subject

to the restrictions of mass or gravity? I dont
think so. Is God subject to time? Of course not.
We think of eternity as a long time -
as having a lot of time available to us. This is a
misunderstanding. God is not somebody with a
lot of time. No, God is outside the dimensionality
of time altogether.
God can look at our experiential space-time
domain the way we can look at a comic strip,
and He can see the whole timeline laid out from
beginning to end without being stuck in any
one frame Himself. We look at a timeline on a
chalkboard, and we can take a ruler and point at
any moment in history, because we are outside
of that timeline. God can gaze at the reality of
all human history, from beginning to end, in the
four dimensions of our space-time, and He can
see it all at once.
For thus saith the high and lofty One that
inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy;
Isaiah 57:15a
What does Isaiah mean by that? God inhabits

all of eternity. Hes outside this realm of moment-
by-moment time. This has implications for all of
us, because God uses this position to authenticate
His own messages to us. He has the technology to
give us messages, and through Isaiah He tells us
one way we can know the messages are from Him:
Behold, the former things are come to pass,
and new things do I declare: before they spring
forth I tell you of them.
Isaiah 42:9
I have even from the beginning declared it to
thee; before it came to pass I shewed it thee:
lest thou shouldest say, Mine idol hath done
them, and my graven image, and my molten
image, hath commanded them.
Isaiah 48:5
God tells us about things before they take place,
so that when we see them, we can know He is
the Author.
Lets say Mark and John are undercover agents
in a foreign country waiting for messages from
their superior at headquarters. When they return
to their hotel room one day, they find that 10
messages have arrived. They have learned, however,
the enemy has been sending synthetic messages
to local hotels. How do they tell which ones are
authentic? They spread the messages out on a
bed, but they have to determine which are really
from headquarters and which are counterfeit.
The God Outside of Time 79
The leadership at headquarters must have a

method of authentication, a code or clever
wording that distinguishes true messages from
the deceptive ones.
God must also have a way to authenticate His
message. We have this collection of books called
the Bible. How do we know these books are His
Word? God tells us in Isaiah that we can know
the words are from Him because He declares the
end from the beginning. He tells us in advance,
from ancient times, things that are not yet done.
He demonstrates His ability to be outside of time
itself by giving us the future before it happens
- centuries in advance. We see it over and over
throughout the Bible (and we will consider
multiple examples in a moment). These 66 books
are written out by at least 40 authors, yet together
they give us a single story, an integrated message
from outside our time domain.
We can conjecture about another aspect of
the timelessness of eternity. There is a another
corollary to all of this: somebody who died 1000
years ago and someone who died yesterday and
someone who gets raptured three months from
now might very well all arrive at Gods throne at
the same moment.
One of my favorite Einstein quotes comes from
a letter to the family of a friend who had passed
away. He said:
Now he has departed from this strange world

a little ahead of me. That means nothing.
People like us, who believe in physics, know
that the distinction between past, present, and
future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.
Dr. Einstein was trying to offer his friends
comfort, but the truth is that he had a grasp of
time far beyond most philosophers.
Biblical Nonlinearities
We find in the first three chapters of Genesis
some of the most controversial material in
existence. Chapter one tells us that the sun, moon
and stars, the oceans, all plant and animal life,
human beings, and even light itself were created
in six days. God confirmed this in Exodus as
He communed with Moses before giving him the
Ten Commandments (written by His own finger),
saying:
Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the
sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout
their generations, for a perpetual covenant.
It is a sign between me and the children of
Israel for ever: for in six days the LORD made
heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he
rested, and was refreshed.
Exodus 31:7-8
This obviously contradicts the view of modern
science that life evolved over millions of years from
bacteria. Theres a clear difficulty here. Those who

depend on the modern dating methods tell us
that the age of the earth is 4.6 billion years. Yet, if
we understand what really happened in Genesis,
perhaps we can resolve some of these puzzles.
We know from Genesis 1 that everything made
during Creation Week was very good. Genesis 2
continues to paint a pleasant picture. Adam and
Eve walked in the Garden with God. They were at
peace with their Creator, with each other and with
all animal life. They were able to eat from the Tree
of Life and live forever. In case you hadnt noticed,
these are not the conditions that exist today.
We cannot extrapolate back to Creation
Week based on what we see around us now,
because in chapter three of Genesis, the world
changed dramatically. A gigantic nonlinearity
was introduced when Adam and Eve disobeyed
the one limitation God had put on them.
That nonlinearity changed everything. Humankind
died spiritually, and their bodies were allowed to
begin the deterioration process. Entropy was
introduced. Its likely that light began to slow
down at this point. It may be that Adam and Eve
enjoyed the experiential awareness of additional
dimensions, and they lost that privilege as they
were exiled from the Garden.
Another huge nonlinearity was the Flood of
Noah. This too changed everything. What a
shock the planet had! The fountains of the deep

burst open, indicating violent geological activity.
The firmament opened above, and the whole
planet was drowned in water. Genesis 5 tells us
that Adams immediate descendants almost all live
past 900 years, but after the Flood that all changed.
Noah lived to the ripe old age of 950,20 but Shem
died at 600.21 The ages of Shems descendants in
Genesis 11 drop rapidly in the post-Flood world.
Whats more, in Genesis 9:2-3, God tells Noah
and his sons that He was giving them the animals
to eat, and that the animals would dread and fear
them from that time onward. We hardly appreciate
how drastically the Flood changed things.
Then, of course we have another nonlinearity in
Israels exodus from Egypt. The children of Israel
went down into Egypt as a family of 70 people.
They came out as a nation after a series of plagues
that devastated Egypt.
And through it all, the ups and downs, the
nation was written in advance. The destruction of
Jerusalem and the Temple, not once but twice, was
forewarned centuries before each tragic occasion.
The Assyrian conquest, the Babylonian captivity,
the arrival and death and resurrection of the
Messiah, the Diaspora and persecution were all
foretold in the Scripture.
Prophesies Fulfilled
J. Barton Payne has cataloged 6,641 verses with
predictive material out of the 23,210 verses of the
Old Testament.22 In other words, nearly one-third
of the verses in the Old Testament are predictive
in nature. Other experts might parse it slightly
differently, but it gives us a feel for the prominence
of predictive prophecy in the Hebrew Scriptures.
It gives history in advance from cover to cover
in more ways than one person can discover in
a lifetime.
We could spend an entire book detailing just
a fraction of the prophecies of the Bible but here
we can focus on those that are quoted in the
Gospels. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John refer to
the following prophecies as they lay out the life of
Jesus in their Gospels.
According to the Old Testament, the Messiah
would be:
Of the line of David (2 Sam 7:12-16;
Psa 89:3-4; 110:1; 132:11; Isa 9:6, 7;
11:1)
Born of a virgin (Gen 3:15; Isa 7:14)
Born in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2)
A sojourner in Egypt (Hos 11:1)
A Galilean (Isa 9:1, 2) and in Nazareth
(Isa 11:1)23
Announced by an Elijah-like herald
(Isa 40:3-5; Mal 3:1; 4:5)

An occasion for the slaughter of
Bethlehems children (Gen 35:19-20;
Jer 31:15)
Bringing liberty to the captives (Isa 58:6;
61:1)
A hero to the Gentiles (Isa 42:1-4)
A substitute for our griefs and punishment
(Isa 53:4-5)
A healer (Isa 53:4-5)
A teacher of parables (Isa 6:9-10; Psa 78:2)
Disbelieved, rejected (Psa 69:4; 118:22;
Isa 6:10; 29:13; 53:1)
A humble King entering Jerusalem
(Zech 9:9; Psa 118:26)
Betrayed by a friend (Psa 41:9)
Betrayed for 30 pieces of silver
(Zech 11:1-13)
Like a smitten shepherd (Zech 13:7)
Given vinegar and gall (Psa 69:21)
Pierced (Zech 12:10; Psa 22:16)
Bones unbroken (like the Passover lamb)
(Exo 12:46; Num 9:12; Psa 34:20)
Killed along with malefactors (Isa 53:9,
12)
Buried in a rich mans grave (Isa 53:9)
Raised from the dead on the 3rd day
(Gen 22:4; Psa 16:10-11; Jonah 1:7;
Hos 6:2)
Resurrected, followed by the destruction
of Jerusalem (Dan 9:26; 11:31; 12:1, 11)
Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53 are two of the most

powerful passages in the Old Testament related
to the death and resurrection of the Messiah.
Psalm 22 is written from the perspective of Christ
on the cross. It begins with the painful words of
Jesus as He hung there for our sins, declaring His
feeling of absolute abandonment by the Father.
He is surrounded by enemies. Psalm 22:18 even
describes how they cast lots to divide up Jesus
clothes. Psalm 31:5 then gives Jesus final words
as reported in Luke 23:46.
Isaiah 53 describes the role of the Messiah as
the Suffering Servant who bares our griefs and is
killed for our sins. Because Hes beaten, we are
healed. He is punished and bruised and put to
death, although He has done no wrong Himself
- he had done no violence, neither was any deceit
in his mouth. 24 Yet, this same Servant lives to see
His reward at the end of the chapter.
In Daniel 9:25-26, the angel Gabriel gives an
astounding prophecy regarding the exact timing
that the Messiah would arrive, and Jesus fulfills
this prophecy to the very day. 25 While Jews
were expecting the Messiah to reign forever,26
yet in this passage, Gabriel clearly says that the
Messiah would be cut off - and not for Himself.
Not just that, but afterward the Temple and city
of Jerusalem would again be destroyed. This all
was fulfilled in the first century A.D., centuries
after the entire Old Testament had been translated
into Greek, a record locked in time. Jesus arrived

as the Messiah and was killed. He promised to
return, but in the meanwhile Gabriels prophecy
was fulfilled. In A.D. 70, Roman legions under
the future Emperor Titus son of Vespasian
sacked Jerusalem and tore the Temple to bits.
As prophesied in Micah 3:12, Jerusalem was
plowed in A.D. 135 after the Emperor Hadrian
put down the Bar Kochba revolt. How many cities
have been plowed?
Its therefore satisfying that it is Gabriel himself
who arrives to tell the young Mary that she is
pregnant with the Savior:
And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb,
and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name
JESUS. He shall be great, and shall be called
the Son of the Highest: and the Lord God shall
give unto him the throne of his father David:
And he shall reign over the house of Jacob for
ever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.
Luke 1:31-33
Throughout the Bible, Gabriel consistently
brings news regarding the Messiah. Thats an
important role he plays, and its noteworthy that
while he tells Daniel that the Messiah would be
cut off, he also reiterates to Mary that her son
will be named Jesus, which means Salvation,
and he will rule on the throne of David forever.
The two roles are not mutually exclusive; the
Messiah would be both the sacrificial Suffering
Servant and the Eternal King. As Isaiah 53

concludes:
Therefore will I divide him a portion with the
great, and he shall divide the spoil with the
strong; because he hath poured out his soul
unto death: and he was numbered with the
transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and
made intercession for the transgressors.
Isaiah 53:12
Some of the prophecies are direct, and some are
indirect. Some are straight forward and laid out
like a glorious carpet on the floor, and some must
be gathered together like the squares of a quilt.
As Isaiah prophesied, For precept must be upon
precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line
upon line; here a little, and there a little. 27
Beyond the prophetic words themselves are
a multitude of types that represent the person
of Jesus and the work He would do. Jesus was
sacrificed on Passover, as our Passover Lamb.28
If God sees His blood on us, His wrath passes over
us, just as it passed over the houses marked with
blood on the first Passover in Egypt.29 Jesus is the
same name as Joshua, and like Joshua He leads
us into the Promised Land. Jesus is the atoning
sacrifice on Yom Kippur30, the manna in the
wilderness,31 the rock that Moses struck so that
water came out.32 The whole Bible, from start to
finish, is a love letter about a righteous God going
to the greatest of lengths to rescue lost humanity,
and I suggest that Jesus is written on every page.
Our Prophetic Future
And the story isnt over. Parts of Gabriels
prophecies must still be fulfilled. He said that
the Messiah would be born, that Hed be cut off
and the Temple and city would be destroyed -
and those have all come true. Mary gave birth
to a son, and He is indeed called the Son of the
Highest. But, the end hasnt arrived yet. The last
part of Gabriels prophecies are still ahead of us.
He told Mary that Jesus would sit on the throne
of His father David, and that His kingdom would
last forever. The last seven years of Gabriels 70-
week prophecy in Daniel 9 have yet to appear, in
which an evil prince invades the Temple, stops
the sacrifices and brings abominations that cause
desolation:
And he shall confirm the covenant with
many for one week: and in the midst of the
week he shall cause the sacrifice and the
oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of
abominations he shall make it desolate, even
until the consummation, and that determined
shall be poured upon the desolate.
Daniel 9:27
The grand finale is still ahead of us - the final
nonlinearity. It is a period of history written in
advance, about which the Bible says more than
any other. We see the setup taking place all around

us, preparing the way for the last showdown.
Jesus warns us that when we see the abomination
of desolation standing in the Holy place, those in
Judea should immediately flee.33 Jesus tells us this
event will bring on a time of tribulation like the
world has never known, and if those days werent
shortened, no flesh would survive. The Apostle
Paul tells us that the Day of Christ will not come
until the false messiah appears first, the man of
sin, Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all
that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he
as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself
that he is God.34
We know this period of horror must come first,
and we now live in a world where its possible.
One hundred years ago, there was no nation of
Israel. There hasnt been a nation of Israel for nearly
2000 years, and now Israel is again established.35
One hundred years ago, there was no way for the
entire world to watch while an evil ruler entered the
Temple to commit abominations - yet, according
to Jesus, even those on rooftops and in fields will
be able to see this event. Current technologies
have made this possible; we can now - unlike any
other time in history - watch any broadcast live
on small handheld receivers called cell phones.
Only within the past 100 years has it been possible
to destroy all flesh. Today, killer diseases and
nuclear weapons could wipe us out in weeks.
Remember, the Old Testament was translated

into Greek 270 years before Christ was born.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Greek ruler of Egypt,
ordered the five books of Moses translated into
Greek in the 3rd century, and the full Septuagint
was translated in the years that followed.
There are many ways to demonstrate the great age
of the Hebrew Scriptures. Yet, long before Christ
was born, Daniel wrote down a prophecy that
gave the precise day the Messiah would present
himself as the King, riding into Jerusalem on a
donkey.36 Thats staggering, and the best response
is to recognize that the source of these prophecies
is from outside of our time domain.
Brutal battles are coming. Israel will be attacked
by a coalition of enemies from Eastern Europe,
Russia, northern Africa, Turkey Iraq and Iran
- and Israel will win.37 A climactic battle is also
described in Psalm 83. We know that the Temple
will be rebuilt, because Jesus, Paul and John all
make reference to it.38 Finally, a seven-year period
is on the horizon, a specific seven-year period that
will end in a time of trouble the likes of which the
world had never seen before and will never see
again. Its coming.
We can rejoice, however, because the greatest
nonlinear event of all time will then take place.
Jesus Christ will return as Messiah. He will set up
His kingdom and rule from the throne of David.
Peace will reign across the earth, so much so,
Isaiah 11 tells us, that the wolf will lie down with
the lamb. This destiny of the Messiah has been
anticipated for centuries, and we trust it is just
over the horizon.
The God Outside Time
The Scriptures are filled with the timelessness
of God and His ability to see the end from the
beginning. Jesus died on a cross in Judea in the first
century A.D., and yet both Peter and John tells us
that He was the Lamb slain from the foundation
of the world.39
In this book weve covered atomic particles
and the laws of physics and other scientific
things. Yet, the real matter with which we should
concern ourselves is that of the heart. The second
law of thermodynamics tell us that everything is
breaking down, and this world is fading away.
The beloved disciple John said the same thing,
but with a caveat:
And the world passeth away, and the lust
thereof: but he that doeth the will of God
abideth for ever.
1 John 2:17
The real world, the true world, is that which
lasts after this physical world is gone. We now live
our days in a digital projection that will one day
be destroyed, and beyond are those things that are
permanent and lasting - promised to those who
believe. Peter praises God for this, saying:
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord

Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant
mercy hath begotten us again unto a lively
hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from
the dead, To an inheritance incorruptible, and
undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved
in heaven for you, Who are kept by the power
of God through faith unto salvation ready to be
revealed in the last time.
1 Peter 1:3-5
The heavens declare His glory, the firmament
shows His handiwork.40 He who is, who was, and
always will be, the First and the Last, the Alpha
and the Omega. He is the First Fruits of them
that slept. Hes the I Am that I Am, the voice of
the burning bush. He is the Captain of the Lords
Host, the conqueror of Jericho. He is enduringly
strong, entirely sincere, and eternally steadfast.
He is immortally graceful, imperially powerful,
impartially merciful. In Him dwells the fullness
of the Godhead bodily, the very God of very God.
He is our Kinsman-Redeemer in Ruth, but Hes
also our avenger of blood. Hes our city of refuge,
our performing High Priest, our personal Prophet,
our reigning King.
You and I are the beneficiaries of a love letter
that was written in blood on a wooden cross
erected in Judea 2000 years ago. They say He was
crucified on a cross of wood, yet He made the hill
on which it stood. By Him were all things made
that were made.41 Without Him was not anything

made that was made, and by Him are all things
held together. Wow. What held Jesus Christ to
that cross? It wasnt the nails; it was His love for
you and me.
Jesus was born of a woman so you and I could
be born of God. He humbled Himself so that we
could be lifted up. He became a servant so that we
could be made joint heirs with Him. He suffered
rejection so that we could become His friends.
He denied Himself so that we could freely receive
all things. He gave Himself so that He could bless
us in every way. Wow.
Our Own Paradox
The real issues arent the quarks that hold
together our physical bodies. The real issue is our
own personal nonlinearity - the real us. We cant
see our real selves; we only see the containers we
happen to be in right now. The real us is software,
not hardware, which means its without mass,
which means it has no time. We are eternal - saved
or not. Thats the problem, because we each have
an eternity ahead of us. Where will we spend it?
There is an analogy I heard as a teenager, and
I love it. Imagine that youre confronted with a
doorway labelled, Whosoever will may enter.
Now, youve got complete freedom to go through
that door or not. You can go in or not, its up
to you. You choose to enter, and when you go
through that door you look back, and youre

shocked. On the other side you find a banquet
table set with individual place setting, names on
each place, and theres a place with your name on
it. You were expected. As you turn back and look
at the door you just came through, you see on this
side it says, Foreordained before the foundation
of the world.
Joshua tells the people of Israel, Choose this
day whom you will serve42 yet Revelation 13:8
tells us that our names have been written in the
Book of Life from the beginning of time. I love
that. God knew from the start who would be
His. People ask, How can you tell if youve been
predestined? Thats very easy. You choose Him,
and He will demonstrate to you that you belong
to Him. Do we choose God or does He choose
us? The Bible says both:
For we are his workmanship, created in Christ
Jesus unto good works, which God hath before
ordained that we should walk in them.
Ephesians 2:10
But exhort one another daily, while it is called
To day; lest any of you be hardened through the
deceitfulness of sin. For we are made partakers
of Christ, if we hold the beginning of our
confidence stedfast unto the end;
Hebrews 3:13-14
The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as

some men count slackness; but is longsuffering
to us-ward, not willing that any should perish,
but that all should come to repentance.
2 Peter 3:9
Hes known all things from the beginning.
Its only a paradox when we look at it from inside
the time domain.
I want to put a challenge before you. I want you
to challenge this outrageous statement: You and
I are being plunged into a period of time about
which the Bible says more than it does about any
other period of time in history, including the time
that Jesus walked the shores of Galilee or climbed
the mountains of Judea. Thats a preposterous
statement. I sincerely believe it, but I want you to
challenge it, and that takes researching for yourself
what the Bible actually says. It doesnt matter
what any other Bible teacher or nonbeliever says.
It matters what the Bible teaches in its full context.
Whether you enjoy personal Bible studies, online
Bible studies, weekly studies with friends in the
living room - study the Bible and learn what it
says. Not just a few verses taken out of context,
but the whole thing. I recommend small group
studies where everybody can ask questions without
embarrassment. We need to be daily in the Word
of God. It is our daily Bread.
Above all, the Bible is a message system.
This is a discovery that you need to make personally
- that the 66 books we call the Bible were penned

by 40 authors over thousands of years, but with
evidence of design from outside our time domain.
People say, You cant prove the Bible. Yes, you
can. You can confront the fact that it had to come
from outside the dimensionality of time. I call this
the grandest adventure possible - the journey of
discovery between the miracle of our origin and
the mystery of our destiny. Thats the journey
were all on, and the Bible is our Handbook.
Its the only reliable one.
Father we thank You for who You are.

We thank You that You care so much for us,
that You chose to actually enter our
environment, to become a person like us, and
yet with perfection. You gave Yourself on our
behalf to pay our debts. We stagger as we begin
to discover how far Youve gone on our behalf.
We thank You Father for the insights that
Youve given us in Your Word. We continue
to stagger as we discover that as advanced as
we think we become scientifically, Your Word
has been ahead of us all along. We thank
You Father, that You care so much for us,
to communicate with us and to go to such
extremes on our behalf. We do pray Father that
through Your Holy Spirit and through Your
Word, You would help each of us grow in grace
and knowledge of our coming King - and help
us understand what it is that You would have
of us in the days that remain, as we commit
ourselves without any reservations whatsoever,
into Your hands. In the name of Yeshua, our
coming King, our Savior indeed.
Amen.
99
Endnotes
1 Einstein, A. (1923). On the Electrodynamics of
Moving Bodies. In W. Perrett & G. Jeffery (Trans.),
The Principle of Relativity: A Collection of Original
Memoirs on the Special and General Theory
of Relativity. London: Methuen and Co., Ltd. [back]
2 Ost, L. (2014, April 3). NIST Launches a New U.S.
Time Standard: NIST-F2 Atomic Clock. Retrieved
December 22, 2015, from http://www.nist.gov/pml/
div688/nist-f2-atomic-clock-040314.cfm [back]
3 The clocks flying westward are technically going slower
than the grounded clocks, which are zooming nearly
1600 km-per-hour on the surface of the rotating Earth.
By flying westward, the clocks hover in space while the
Earth spins beneath them. [back]
4 Hafele, J., & Keating, R. (1972). Around-the-World
Atomic Clocks: Predicted Relativistic Time Gains.
Science, 177(4044), 166-168. [back]
5 Dyson, F., Eddington, A., & Davidson, C. (1920).
A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the
Suns Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at
the Solar Eclipse of May 29, 1919. Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. A 220 (571-581). 291333. [back]
6 Barrow, J., & Webb, J. (2006). Inconstant Constants.
Scientific American, 64-71. [back]
7 Daniel 10:13, 20 [back]
8 Keeler, J. E. (1895). A Spectroscopic Proof of the
Meteoric Constitution of Saturns Rings, Astrophysical
Journal 1: 416427. [back]
9 Slipher, V. (1915). Spectrographic Observations
of Nebulae. Popular Astronomy, 23: 21-24. [back]
10 Slipher, V. (1914). The Detection of Nebular Rotation.
Lowell Observatory Bulletin, 62. [back]
11 For more information on these matters, see our study
Genesis and the Big Bang. [back]
12 Riess, A. et al, (1998). Observational Evidence
from Supernovae for an Accelerating universe and a
Cosmological Constant. The Astronomical Journal,
116:1009-1038. [back]
13 LaViolette, P. (2003). Subquantum Kinetics: A Systems
Approach to Physics and Cosmology (2nd ed., p. 28).
Alexandria, VA: Starlane Publications. [back]
14 Setterfield, B. (2002). Exploring the Vacuum, Journal
of Theoretics. [back]
15 Norman, T., & Setterfield, B. (1987, August).
The Atomic Constants, Light, and Time. Retrieved
January 2, 2016, from http://www.setterfield.org/
report/report.html [back]
16 Albrecht, A., & Magueijo, J. (1999). Time Varying
Speed of Light as a Solution to Cosmological Puzzles.
Physical Review D, 59(4). Paper No. 043516 [back]
17 Davies, P., Davis, T., & Lineweaver, C. (2002).
Cosmology: Black holes constrain varying constants.
Nature, 602-603. [back]
18 J.K.Webb et al. (2010). Evidence for Spatial Variation of
the Fine-Structure Constant. Physical Review Letters
107 (19). [back]
19 For example, Tifft, W. (1977). Discrete States of
Redshift and Galaxy Dynamics. III - Abnormal Galaxies
and Stars. The Astrophysical Journal, 211, 377-391.
[back]
20 Genesis 9:29 [back]
21 Genesis 11:10-11 [back]
Endnotes 101
22 Payne, J. (1973). Encyclopedia of Biblical Prophecy:

The Complete Guide to Scriptural Predictions and
Their Fulfillment (pp. 674-675). Grand Rapids: Baker.
[back]
23 There is a play on the word for branch in Hebrew
nazir which Matthew picks up on in Matthew 2:23
[back]
24 Isaiah 53:9 [back]
25 See our study Daniels 70 Weeks for details. [back]
26 As prophesied in many passages, like Isaiah 9:7 and
Ezekiel 37:24-25 and again by Gabriel himself in Luke
1:33. [back]
27 Isaiah 28:10 [back]
28 1 Corinthians 5:7 [back]
29 Exodus 12:13, 23 [back]
30 Leviticus 16:14-16; Number 19:1-12; Hebrews 9:11-15
[back]
31 Exodus 16:15, 35; Numbers 11:7-9; John 6:30-58
[back]
32 Exodus 17:6; 1 Corinthians 10:4. [back]
33 Matthew 24:15-22; Mark 13:14-20 [back]
34 2 Thessalonians 2:4 [back]
35 Ezekiel 37 describes this revival of Israel, as from the
dead, and returned to the land, with Israel and Judah
reunified into one kingdom. [back]
36 Our study Daniels 70 Weeks details the relevant
historical dates and math. [back]
37 Ezekiel 38-39. We focus on this battle in our study
The Magog Invasion. [back]
38 Matthew 24:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:4; Revelation 11:1-2
[back]
39 1 Peter 1:20; Revelation 13:8 [back]

40 Psalm 19:1 [back]
41 John 1:3; Colossians 1:16-17 [back]
42 Joshua 24:15 [back]
103
About the Author
Chuck Missler
President/Founder,
Koinonia House
Chuck Missler was raised in Southern California.
Chuck demonstrated an aptitude for technical
interests as a youth. He became a ham radio
operator at age nine and started piloting airplanes
as a teenager. While still in high school, Chuck
built a digital computer in the family garage.
His plans to pursue a doctorate in electrical
engineering at Stanford University were
interrupted when he received a Congressional
appointment to the United States Naval Academy
at Annapolis. Graduating with honors, Chuck took
his commission in the Air Force. After completing
flight training, he met and married Nancy (who
later founded The Kings High Way ministry).
Chuck joined the Missile Program and eventually
became Branch Chief of the Department of
Guided Missiles.
Chuck made the transition from the military
to the private sector when he became a systems
engineer with TRW, a large aerospace firm.

He then went on to serve as a senior analyst with
a non-profit think tank where he conducted
projects for the intelligence community and
the Department of Defense. During that time,
Chuck earned a masters degree in engineering at
UCLA, supplementing previous graduate work
in applied mathematics, advanced statistics and
information sciences.
Recruited into senior management at the
Ford Motor Company in Dearborn, Michigan,
Chuck established the first international
computer network in 1966. He left Ford to start
his own company, a computer network firm
that was subsequently acquired by Automatic
Data Processing (listed on the New York
Stock Exchange) to become its Network
Services Division.
As Chuck notes, his day of reckoning came
in the early 90s when as the result of a
merger he found himself the chairman and
a major shareholder of a small, publicly owned
development company known as Phoenix Group
International. The firm established an $8 billion
joint venture with the Soviet Union to supply
personal computers to their 143,000 schools.
Due to several unforeseen circumstances, the
venture failed. The Misslers lost everything,
including their home, automobiles and insurance.
About the Author 105
It was during this difficult time that Chuck

turned to God and the Bible. As a child he
developed an intense interest in the Bible; studying
it became a favorite pastime. In the 1970s, while
still in the corporate world, Chuck began leading
weekly Bible studies at the 30,000 member
Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, in California.
He and Nancy established Koinonia House in
1973, an organization devoted to encouraging
people to study the Bible.
Chuck had enjoyed a longtime, personal
relationship with Hal Lindsey, who upon hearing
of Chucks professional misfortune, convinced him
that he could easily succeed as an independent
author and speaker. Over the years, Chuck had
developed a loyal following. (Through Doug
Wetmore, head of the tape ministry of Firefighters
for Christ, Chuck learned that over 7 million
copies of his taped Bible studies were scattered
throughout the world.) Koinonia House then
became Chucks full-time profession.
Other Resources
Learn the Bible
Are you ready for a detailed yet thoroughly enjoyable

study of the most profound book ever written?
Using sound scientific facts, historical analysis, and
Biblical narrative, acclaimed teacher Dr. Chuck Missler
weaves together a rich tapestry of informationproviding
an accurate understanding of Scriptures relation to itself,
to us and to the world at large.
Examine the heroic tales of Exodus, the lasting wisdom
of Proverbs, or even the enigmatic imagery of Revelation
with the simple, Scripturally sound insights and fresh
perspectives found in Learn the Bible in 24 Hours. Whether
you want to explore some of the less-discussed nuances of
Scripture or you need a comprehensive refresher course on
the Bibles themes and stories, Learn the Bible in 24 Hours
is a great guide.
Available from https://Resources.khouse.org
Other Resources
Hidden Treasures
For the novice as well as the sophisticate, this book
is full of surprises. It includes subtle discoveries lying
just beneath the text -- hidden messages, encryptions,
deliberate misspellings and other amendments to the
text -- that present implications beyond the immediate
context, demonstrating a skillful design that has its
origin from outside our space and time. Drawing upon
over forty years of collecting, Chuck highlights in this
book many of the precious nuggets that have become
characteristic of his popular Bible studies around the
world.
It is guaranteed
to stimulate,
provoke, and,
h o p e f u l l y, t o
disturb. It will
confound the
skeptic and
encourage the
believer. It is a
must read for
every thinking
seeker of truth
and serious
inquirer of
reality.

Other Resources
Beyond Coincidence
Is our universe some kind of cosmic
accident, or is it the result of careful
and skillful design?
What do scientists mean by
"The Anthropic Principle"?
When compiling the many physical and
mathematical subtleties which make up our universe,
scientist have discovered that a slight variation in any
of them militates against the existence of life. Even at
the atomic and sub-atomic level, the slightest variation
in any of the primary constants of physics - some as
sensitive as one part in over
1,000,000 - cause life to be
impossible. Even secular
science refers to these
appearances of apparent
design as the "anthropic
principle," since they
yield the impression
that the universe was
designed specifically for
man.

Other Resources
They have become a popular idiom even in secular

literature, in connotative terms, of the End Times.
However, Biblically, they speak specifically of real events
that will characterize an actual period of time that will
appear in the future. Will that occur in our lifetime? How
do we know?
Do we need to prepare in some way? Or are there specific
steps we should be taking?
Join Dr. Chuck Missler as he explores the Four Horsemen
of the Apocalypse.
Behold a White Horse: The Coming World Leader
Behold a Red Horse: Wars and Rumors of Wars
Behold a Black Horse: Economic Upheaval
and Famine
Behold a Livid Horse: Emergent Diseases
and Biochemical Warfare

Beyond Time and Space

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Beyond Time and Space

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Beyond

Time and Space

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All Scripture quotations are from the King James Version

Time and Space.

physical world that have been precisely balanced

Metaphors give us ready assistance in wrestling with

We think of time as the measurement of days,

Lets suppose, however, that my son Mark

What happened? You might laugh and say, Well,

I entered the Naval Academy as a young

It might appear possible to overcome all the

Inside Marks box, all of Newtons laws hold true.

It doesnt matter how fast the boxes are zooming

speeds up, his watch ticks more slowly than Johns.

John has aged 40 years by the end of this

Einstein didnt simply pull these things out of

The muons are zipping through our atmosphere

Physics Laboratory (NPL) in Teddington,

giving us a proud demonstration of their product,

with gravity. Even the difference in elevation has

A third marble doesnt have enough momentum

the gravitational wells created by massive bodies

It didnt take long for other experimental

and time - and they can shorten and lengthen,

Scientific American in June of 2005 ran an

behind the scenes, out of our physical vision. In 2

against principalities, against powers, against the

earth, and formeth the spirit of man

The Stretch Factor

discrepancy between Genesis 1 and the common

- hypsos - refers to the height of places.

This is a Calabi-Yau manifold, named after

The word hyperdimension comes from the Greek

reconcile, because he stopped at four; he didnt

We have a hard time conceiving of hyperspaces.

I want to credit Edwin Abbotts 1884 book

We 3D beings have an advantage, though.

If I could lower the ball and pass it through his

me to realize that Salvador Dali had the kind of

As we play with these things, we quickly see

Then in verse 31, He disappears from sight.

sides. Hes physical, but Hes not limited to three

Lets take a moment to look at the very building

There is also a minimum length of time, 10-43

times that size. So if we were going to build a

the universe is digital. Its not continuous, its made

the end. Edward Lorenz coined the term butterfly

When we attempt to model what we know

If the gravitational constant were lighter, we

amount, however, allows for the rain cycle,

of spectroscopy was able to be developed. Through

those days should be shortened, there should no flesh

of information, two digits, 0 and 1. All computer

Leonardo da Vincis famous Vitruvian Man

The beauty of creation rests not just in

At the same time, we should not make

wildfire or terrorist or an emotionally disturbed

rings of Saturn. He was able to prove that Saturns

creation. Now, of course, it is standardly accepted

an ending. If enough time passes, every star, every

view, billions and billions of years from now its

hole if it contracts into a sphere smaller than its

back, and I actually will arrive three hours before