Treatment plants

According to b.tech shiats Allahabad (2010) Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater

treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both

runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to

remove all the pathogens, that it may not pollute the receiving water and make than unsafe for

use, to reduce the volume of sewage sludge, so that it can be easily disposed off.

The control of wastewater treatment plant can be determined by factors such as waste

disposal, site selection, protection of surface waters and impact on neighborhood amenity. It is

necessary that wastewater treatment plants are placed in areas that is remote from residential

development with sufficient available land for sustainable wastewater reuse. A well design and

adequate materials will serve as a good foundation in maintaining and preserving wastewater

plants. (State Government of Victoria, june 1997)

It was recommeneded that the treated water will be supplied for irrigating the crops on

Research Farm and the remaining sludge after treatment will be used as manure on Farm. The

use of treated water will reduce the ground water use and additionally the treated sludge will be

very useful for increasing the fertility of soil. (er. Anurag singh, b.tech shiats Allahabad,

m.tech bit mesra, 2010)

Site selection

The Consulting Engineer shall obtain all the relevant available information from

the DPW with regard to the location of the works, available area for the plant, site

contours, geotechnical and geohydrological data, type of development to be served and

population. The location of any wastewater treatment plant should be as far as practical

from dwellings, public places and any sites which will possibly be built on within the life

of the plant. There should also be sufficient land set aside to allow for any future

alterations and additions/extensions so that no offensive odours are detected at the

property boundary. (Department of Public Works: South Africa, june 2012)

The treatment plant should be located as near to the point of disposal as possible.

If the sewage as to be disposed finally in to the river, the plant should be located near the

river bank. Care should be taken while locating the site that it should be on the

downstream side of the city and sufficiently away from water intake works. If finally the

sewage as to be applied on land, the treatment plant should be located near the land at

such a place from where the treated sewage can directly flow under gravitational forces

toward the disposal point. On the other hand, the site should not be close to the town, that

it may cause difficulties in the expansion of town and may pollute the general atmosphere

by smell and fly nuisance. (er. Anurag singh, b.tech shiats Allahabad, m.tech bit

mesra, 2010)
Site requirement

Ideally, all facilities (except where facility consists of septic tank plus French

drain only) should have an approved security fence around the perimeter with approved

access gate. All gates should be locked with chains and a tamper-resistance padlock.

Other barriers such as concrete barriers can be considered to guard certain critical

components from accidental or intentional vehicle intrusion. Post signs restricting entry

to authorized personnel. Adequate lighting of the exterior of the facility and warning

signs can be effective to deter unauthorized entry. Motion detectors that activate lights to

turn on or trigger an alarm also enhance security. Vehicle access shall be provided to all

portions of the Works and shall at least comprise of well-designed gravel roads with a

designed surface storm water runoff system. (Department of Public Works: South

Africa, june 2012)