ONLINE MODULE 1

The Latin route of decimal, decem = 10. 10 is a base. Bi = 2. The term bits is an
acronym which stands for binary digit. A bit has 2 possible states. A binary digit is
represented by a 0 and a 1. 8 bits = 1 byte. (2^bits) will give us the total
combinations possible. For example, 5 bits = 2^5 = 32 combinations possible.
ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII was
invented in 1963. Standard ASCII has a unique sequence of 8 bits representing:
- Lower case characters.
- Upper case characters.
- Punctuation characters.
- Special characters.
- Series of unpredictable characters used on old technologies like teletype
machines.

Letter ASCII
A 065
B 066
C 067
a 097
b 098
c 099

B is for Byte and b is for bit. 1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte. 1,048,576 bytes = 1
Megabyte. 1,073,741,824 bytes = 1 Gigabyte. 1,099,511,627,776 = 1
Terabyte. Hard drives and solid state drives(SSDs) typically refer to their
capacity in metric. Allocation unit size is the smallest number of bytes that is
going to be allocated in any file. Fragmentation has something to do with
clusters. Defragmentation should be done periodically. ANSI- American
National Standards Institute. 1 petabyte = 1000 Terabytes. 1 Exabyte =
1,000,000 Terabytes. 1 Zettabyte = 1 billion Terabytes. 1 Yottabyte = 1 trillion
Terabytes. Gordon Moore is a man in his late 80s, who was the founder of
intel corp. He is worth 6 billion dollars. Around 1970, the term Moores Law
was formed which states that the number of transistors that you can pack on
to a chip is going to be doubled every 18 months which is generalized to
every 2 years and it has an exponential growth. The human genome was
mapped in 2003. Arthur C. Clark had 3 laws. The first law is that when a
distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is
almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is
probably very wrong. His second law states that the only way of discovering
the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the
impossible. His third law states that any sufficiently advanced technology is
indistinguishable from magic. 12 atoms = 1 bit(IBM researchers).

ONLINE MODULE 2
 Bill Gates said in 2004 that passwords are dead. Passwords should have:
- High entropy.
- Uniqueness.
- Take advantage of 2 - step verification.
- Take advantage of password managers.

How Not to Store Passwords.

- Just store the users password.
- Encryption key.
- Hashing. A hash is a summary of a load of data.

How to Store Passwords

- Salted hash.