Economic Tests of a Three-Phase Asynchronous Induction Motor with Squirrel-cage

rotor test Separation of Losses

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Creation date: April 7, 2004 Version: v0.02 - 3/MAI/2008 Author: Ricardo Filipe
Teixeira Gomes
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© 2008 Ricardo Filipe Teixeira Gomes. rftg.development.googlepages.com
Instituto Politecnico do Porto Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto
Department of Electrical Engineering
Course in Electrical Engineering - Electronics and Computers
Discipline of Electrical Machines
Economic Tests of a Three-Phase Asynchronous Induction Motor with Squirrel-cage
rotor test Separation of Losses
07/04/2004
Work done by: Ricardo Filipe Teixeira Gomes
Test for Separation of Losses
07/04/2004
Index
Objective 2 --------------------------------------------- Introduction - -------
---------------------------------- 2 ----- Mounting Scheme Material Used -------
----------- 4 ----------------------------- Job Description 5 ----- 5 ----------
---------------- ------------ Securities Registered --------------------- ------
--------------------- 6 Calculations -------------------- 7 --------------------
-------- Results 9 Conclusion ---------------- --------------------------------
----------- ------------------------------------- 11 Bibliography ------- 12
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test for Separation of Losses
07/04/2004
Objective
- Taking the simplified equivalent circuit per phase - Application of the method
of separation of losses - Analysis of various types of losses of an induction m
otor with three-phase squirrel-cage rotor.
Introduction
The asynchronous motor rotor short-circuit is basically composed of an inductor
fixed (stator) and a movable armature (rotor). The stator consists of a set of s
teel plates, high quality (in the sense of the excellent ferromagnetic propertie
s) stacked with grooves on the inside, containing a three-phase winding, which m
ay be bipolar, tetrapolar, Hexapolis, etc ... The extremes of the three phases o
f the stator (winding inductor) are available on a terminal board in order to fa
cilitate connection of the winding in either Y or Δ. The r6tor is a cylinder of
stacked plates, tree keyed on the motor, with grooves along the outer surface co
ntaining a coil with an even number of poles that the stator (motor winding r6to
r) or a set of conducting bars short-circuited by conductive rings at both ends
(engine r6tor squirrel-cage). The stator and rotor are separated by a narrow air
gap of around 0.5 mm.
Stator
Connector board
Rotor
Stator core
Stator winding m Figure 1 - Appearance of the actual stator and rotor; prominors
the position of the connector board.
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test for Separation of Losses
07/04/2004
The operating principle of these machines is irrespective of the binding of the
three phases of the stator (Y or Δ), where they are fed by three phase current p
ulse W = 2 × π × f roduces a rotating magnetic field angular velocity WAS = W,
referring to a sync s eed of , where is the winding number of oles. This mag
netic field asses through the rotor conductors and induces emf in them, which i
n turn roduce induced currents. The rotor conductors, to be followed by these c
urrents are thus subjected to forces which together cause a torque that tends to
rotate the rotor in the same direction of the rotating field, ie, the rotor ten
ds to follow the rotating field Fig.2-Princi le of o eration of three hase asyn
chronous motor (since this was the cause of the emf generated in it). However, t
he rotor in its rotation can not exactly follow the rotating magnetic field of t
he stator, as in this case, the drivers would not cross that, if not roducing i
nduced currents or binary. Once the rotor always rotates at a s eed less than Wr
Was, which is why we designate these asynchronous motors. The f.e.m. induced in
the rotor de ends on the difference in s eeds of rotation relative to the rotat
ing field, known as the sliding velocity (s). Defined sli (s) of an asynchronou
s motor through the relation: (n - n) s = ns Where n is the rotor s eed in r m a
nd ns is the sync s eed in r m The motor stator is fed by the network or other d
evice, but the rotor has no connection with the conductive stator or network. No
big arguments we can easily infer that while the rotor stationary (locked rotor
), the motor is a transformer of the rotating field in the stator and rotor is t
he rimary is the secondary. The frequency of currents in the rotor (fr) de ends
on the sli through the relation: fr = s × f
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
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Test for Se aration of Losses
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In o eration in the em ty engine torque is very weak, and the frequency and inte
nsity of currents in the rotor, the sli is very low and the rotating field is
roduced almost exclusively by the stator currents, which are magnetizing, so the
ower factor is very low. On load, the sli increases (due to the resistant tor
que a lied to the shaft), as well as the frequency and intensity of currents in
the rotor. The increase of currents in the rotor will therefore cause an increa
se of currents in the stator and the ower factor increases.
Arrangement
UVW M A V W XY Z
R ST Auto-Transformer
400/230 V 50 Hz ~
Fig.3 - Arrangement for the various tests
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test for Se aration of Losses
07/04/2004
Material Used
Fluke 179 digital 111111Multímetro III (V); Clam Test 11 (A); Meter Fluke 43B P
ower (W) RM-1000 Tachometer Test, Self- rocessor MV1103; three- hase asynchronou
s induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor: 380 / 220V - 50 Hz - 1.5 kW, 6.6 A Δ
- 3.8 AY; waistband φ = 0.79, 1415 rpm; wire connection; Probes.
Job description
This work was divided into three tests, the test blank, the test with locked rot
or test and separation o
losses. Test on empty: - Assemble the circuit in accor
dance with the scheme o
Fig 3 - assured that there would be no possibility o
a
ny o
the connecting wires come into contact with the rotating part o
the engin
e - i
the Fed- motor to its nominal voltage (Un = 380V) - There were the values
Un, P0 and I0 (I0 was obtained by averaging the three phase currents). Test wit
h locked rotor - She kept riding the circuit o
Figure 3 - locked up the rotor w
ith the help o
an appropriate tool
or this purpose - He connected the circuit
and through the auto-trans
ormer was whether Gently raising the voltage applied
to the engine until it absorbs its rated current (3.8 A) - There were values UCC
, Pcc and In (Em was obtained by averaging the three phase currents).
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
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Test
or Separation o
Losses
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Separation test loss - She kept riding the circuit o
Figure 3 - Reduced the sup
ply voltage o
40 V and noted the value o
U, I0 (I0 was obtained by averaging t
he three phase currents ) P0 en - was repeated the previous step until the engin
e is
ound on the verge o
stopping;
Values recorded
Test load:
Un (V) 380
P0 (W) 525
I0 (mA)
(2100 +2220 +2245) / 3 =
2188
Test with the rotor locked: UCC (V) 96.2 Pcc (W) 401 In (mA) (3700 +3800 +3787)
/ 3 = 3762
Loss separation test: U (V) 380 340 300 260 220 180 140 100 70 P0 (W) 525 375 24
7 236 185 158 130 122 133 P'0 = P0-= 3R1I02 pFe + CEIP (W) 455 330 215 214 169 1
47 121 112 113 I0 (mA)
(2100 +2220 +2245) / 3 =
n (rpm) 1495.0 1494.1 1491.2 1491.4 1487.1 1479.5 1467.2 1428.2 1296.2
2188
(1656 +1775 +1810) / 3 =
1747
(1400 +1490 +1530) / 3 =
1473
(1170 +1220 +1290) / 3 =
1227
(980 +986 +1120) / 3 =
1027
(816 +866 +938) / 3 =
873
(734 +765 +833) / 3 =
777
(765 +838 +833) / 3 =
812
(1156 +1224 +1117) / 3 =
June 1166
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Electrical Machines
Test
or Separation o
Losses
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Measurement o
resistance o
the motor windings: R1 = R2 = R3 = 4.9 Ω.
Calculations
Calculation o
R0 and Xm: Graph which distinguish the value o
the CEIP pFe:
500 450 400 P '0 = 0.0023 U12 + 74.285 350 300
P'0 (W)
250 200 150 100 50 0 0 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000
Analyzing the equation o
a straight linear regression graph o
P'0 (U12), we ca
n see that when it intersects the axis o
P'0 (U12 = 0) the value o
P'0 is 74.2
85, then
100000 120000 140000 160000
U1 (V)
2
Logo:
pFen = P0 - 3R1I 0 - CEIP
2
2
(
)
U = Un
= 525-3 × 4.9 × 2.1882 - 74.3 380.3 W ≈
R0 =
Un = 380 2 379.7 380.7 Ω pFen
Un
Xm =
3 I 0 × senφ0 U = U n = 525 P0 = 0.365 3 × U n × I0 3 × 380 2.188 × 380
= cos φ0
senφ0 = sin (arccosφ 0) = Xm = 0.931 3 = j107, 7 2.188 × 0.931 Ω
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
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Test
or Separation o
Losses
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Calculation o
R1, R2 and X1 + X2:
R1 + R2 = R2 = Pcc = 9.44 Ω = 401 February 3 March 2 × 3.762 × In
Pcc 401 - R1 = - 4.9 = 9.44 to 4.9 March 2 Ω = 4.54 × 3.762 × In March 2
1 to 0.3 1 - s R2 = 10.59 Ω = 4.54 × s 0.3
Cc U 96.2 3 - (R + R) 2 = 3 - 9.44 2 = J11, 35 Ω X1 + X 2 = Fe
bruary 1 In 3.762
February 2
Calculation o
the slip at the rated voltage:
ns = 60 × 60 × 50 =
1 = 1500 r. p 2 p.m.
s =
(N
s
- U n = U n ns
) = 1500 - 1495, 0 = 0.0033
1500
As a percentage:% s = 0.3% Calculation o
PJN:
PJN = 3 × R1 × I n = 3 × 4.9 × 3.7622 ≈ 208 W
2
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test
or Separation o
Losses
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Results
Equivalent circuit
or the stage, come on, the engine tested:
I1 I2 X1 + X2 J11, 35 ohm
I0 Ia Im U1F R0 397.7 ohm
R1 + R2 9.44 ohm
Xm j107, 7 ohm
R2 (1-s) / s = 10.59 ohm
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test
or Separation o
Losses
07/04/2004
Graph representing the importance o
the various losses in question:
P (W)
3R1I02
pFe
pme
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
U1 (V)
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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Test
or Separation o
Losses
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Conclusion
A
ter analysis o
all measured and calculated values, and a care
ul analysis and
interpretation o
graphics and layout approximate equivalent (
or the engine te
sted) it was possible to in
er a set o
conclusions, which amendments below. The
values
ound
or the resistances and inductances, series and parallel equivalen
t circuit, as well as the value
ound
or the slip-load are in
ull agreement wi
th the usual values
or this type o
electric machine, and there is there
ore no
comment to be made, except that now it is likely to note that the machine under
test was in good working order, and that the theory that (in the Introduction)
to three-phase asynchronous induction motors has been demonstrated as valid. It
is also important to mention that the method o
separation o
losses has been su
ccess
ully applied since all the parameters necessary to per
orm the approximate
equivalent circuit were possible to determine. Regarding the no-load losses o

the engine tested (when supplied at rated voltage) was
ound through measurement
s that they took a total o
525 W, o
which approximately 70.4 W were due to ohm
ic losses in the windings, 74, 3 W 379.7 W mechanical losses and the losses in t
he
erromagnetic circuit. It was also possible to determine what the engine test
ed had a nominal value o
the circuit ohmic losses o
about 208 W, just knowing
that the
erromagnetic losses and mechanical losses are practically independent
o
the system load can be in
erred that the engine being tested will have a valu
e o
losses nominal total o
about 662 W. Another special relevance is cosφ0 hav
e given an extremely low value, a
act that this was due to the current drawn by
the engine was essentially a magnetizing current. Finally given the table on wh
ich are the
igures recorded
or the test o
separation o
losses is possible to
conclude that the current in the motor windings,€as well as its speed and low p
ower absorbed will be reduced as the voltage at its terminals, however when he i
s about to stop the movement, ie when its speed decreases signi
icantly compared
to the nominal current absorbed increases considerably. This phenomenon is due
to the
act that the induction motor rotor squirrel-cage behaving as a
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C. Electrical Machines
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Test
or Separation o
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07/04/2004
trans
ormer with the secondary short-circuited, when its rotor is stopped.
Bibliography:
the "Technology Year 11" - PINTO, Antonio; Alves, Vitor - Porto Editora, the "Pr
actical workshops and laboratories 11 years" - PINTO, António - Porto Editora, t
he Notes on Electrical Machines 2004 - NEVES, Betina Campos;
the www.ieeekc.org / images / motors / motorslip / AC 20Induction%%% 20Motor 20c
utaway.jpg
I.P.P.-I.S.E.P. - D.E.E.-E.C.
Electrical Machines
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