CHILEAN prehispanic people

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CONTENTS: The prehistoric peoples in what is now Chile.
EXPECTED LEARNING: Recognize that the current Chilean territory was populated by
numerous indigenous peoples. Understanding the history of indigenous peoples do
es not end with the arrival of Europeans see the difficulties that these people
now have to attach to the Latin American nation-states.
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"I came to the Mapuche history by chance, I went to file in London to find data
about the unfairness of coal in Lota, call volumes and brought me some of the Br
itish consuls in Argentina. I checked in they see a letter from the British Cons
ul to his majesty, where you notice a big raid that made the Arawaks in the town
of three rivers south of Buenos Aires. I said to myself, can not be, what are y
ou doing the Arawaks in 1872 and on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, when any Chil
ean, like me, I would say that the Arawaks were killed with Ercilla, with border
relations. So how they may be fighting and defeating the Argentine army? How is
it possible that our araucanos have defeated federal troops and we do not have
the slightest idea? Then here comes the big question, why I have no idea what ha
ppened to the Mapuche? And there he meets the other commitment that is making hi
story is ignored and why they ignored that story. " Leonardo Leo, Historian. 3
. CHILEAN pre-Hispanic peoples, A DIFFERENT REALITY
What determined the cultural diversity that existed in pre-Hispanic peoples in C
hile?
a.La Inca cultural influence.
Camino del Inca Pucara
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b. The ecological diversity
Central Zone
Far North
Southern Zone
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What cultural levels reached Chilean Pre-Columbian peoples?
Chilean Pre-Columbian Peoples
Nomads (archaic)
canoeists Bands monkeys chonos alacalufes yaganes
Pedestrian Bands pehuenches chiquillanes puelches poyas tehuelches
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Chilean Pre-Columbian Peoples
Sedentary (training)
Advanced Farmers atacameños Aymara diaguitas
Emerging Farmers Picunches huilliches Araucanian
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a. Canoe people, nomads of the sea
CHANGES
Balsa used by the monkeys
Chono Pescador
CHONOS
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Canoas alacalufes
Yamana Housing
ES Alacalufe YAMANA
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b. PEOPLES PEDESTRES, HUNTERS AND COLLECTORS
Community Pehuenche
Pehuenche CHIQUILLANES
Silverware Puelche Pehuenche
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Hunters Onas Tehuelche
TEHUELCHES
Kloketen Ceremony
ONAS
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c. Highland CULTIVATORS
Aymara
Aymara Territory
Aymara Ceramics
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d. Desert Cultivation
Atacama
Chorimori, ritual instrument
Atacama Ceramics
Loa River Gorge
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e. Ceramic PEOPLE
Diaguitas
Potter
Duck Mug
Shoe Pitcher
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f. MAPUCHE, LIBERTARIAN TOWN
Economy Religion Political Organization Location
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Lonco
Silverware to Mapuche
Picunches
Attire for Mapuche
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Ruca
Mach i
ARAUCANIAN
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Huilliche
Family Huilliche
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2. TODAY prehispanic people
Preservation of culture. Numerical decline. Loss of identity. Integration, respe
cted and valued.
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Region I: Region II 40 700 Aymara: 13 855 Atacama Region III: Region IV 3074 ata
cameños: 3,514 Region V Mapuche: Mapuche VI 14 594 Region: Region VII 9485 Mapuc
he: Mapuche 7756 Region VIII: IX 53 104 Mapuche Region: Region X 203 221 Mapuche
: Mapuche 100 327 Region XI: 7546 Mapuche R. M.: 182 963 Mapuche
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What indigenous population is predominant in each region of the country?
Region XII: Mapuche 8621
The 2002 census indicated that 4.6% of the population belong to a recognized eth
nic group.
QUANTITY AND PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY ETHNICITY Alacalufe: 0.38% (2622) Ataca
ma: 3.04% (21 019) Aymara: 7.01% (48 501) Colla: 0.46% (3198) Mapuche: 87.31% (6
04 349) Quechua: 0.89% (6175) Rapa Nui: 0.67% (4647) Yamana, 0.24% (1685)
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"The State of the descendants of human groups that have existed in national terr
itory since pre-Columbian times, which retain their own ethnic and cultural mani
festations, including land to be for the principal foundation of their existence
and culture. The state recognizes as the main ethnic indigenous Mapuche, Aymara
, Rapa Nui or Easter Island, of the Atacama, Quechua and Aymara in the north, th
e kawashkar or Yagan or Yamana and Alacalufe channel Chile: Southern communities
communities.
PARDON THE HISTORICAL ... recognizes that indigenous peoples in Chile are
The State values its existence to be an essential part of the roots of the Chile
an nation and its integrity and development, according to their customs and valu
es. It is the duty of society in general and the particular state€through its in
stitutions, respect, protect and promote the development of indigenous peoples,
their cultures, families and communities by adopting appropriate measures for su
ch purposes and to protect indigenous lands are properly operating, by its ecolo
gical balance and foster its extension 22. " (Indian Act, 1993)
CONFLICT TO REMAIN ...
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What did we learn in this class?
On arrival of the Spanish, Prehispanic Chileans had a great cultural diversity.
Contact with the Incas and the ecological diversity of the territory allowed thi
s cultural diversity. The territory was occupied by cultures trails, canoe and a
gricultural. The Mapuche were the basis of crossbreeding. At present, about 5% o
f the population reported belonging to any ethnic group. The Mapuche are the lar
gest primitive people in the country.
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LOCATION
Picunches: From the Aconcagua River to the Rio Itata. Araucanian: From the river
to the river Toltén Itata. Huilliches: From the river to the Sine of Toltén Rel
oncaví.
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POLITICAL ORGANIZATION
The Mapuche were never an integrated society in a state Mapuche. Each clan or lo
v was headed by a lonco. The peacetime Aillarehue were chaired by a Ulmen, in ti
mes of war, for a toqui. The organization was based on clans or lov, which were
integrated in larger organizations sometimes called Aillarehue.
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ECONOMY
Agricultural implements Mapuche
There were different agricultural practices. While Picunches built irrigation ca
nals, the Arawaks used the system slash. Their economy was subsistence or subsis
tence. For that dominated ecosystems from the Andes to the coast. The family was
productive force, with the horticultural, hunting and gathering the main activi
ties. Crops grown were maize, potatoes, squash and peppers. Agricultural activit
ies were performed by women, hence its economic importance.
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RELIGION
The cultrún was used in the ceremony Machitún.
They had a worldview framed in a universe explained from two opposite and comple
mentary forces: the Ngenechen, which was a positive force, and Huecube, represen
ting the destruction and death. The machi was a healer and was established in th
e articulator of the positive source. Intermediary between the visible and invis
ible. The machi machitún carried out, which was part of the first set Mapuche me
dicine and healing of the mind or psyche. The Guillatún was a spiritual manifest
ation of the community who paid tribute or offering and prayers to the Creator.
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